2021年船長(zhǎng)面試問題及參考答案

船長(zhǎng)面試問題及參照答案

船長(zhǎng)是船上最重要職位，也是個(gè)方面規(guī)定最高職位。船東在面試船員時(shí)對(duì)船長(zhǎng)考核最認(rèn)真，最費(fèi)時(shí)間，也是最復(fù)雜，作為一名合格船長(zhǎng)，不但規(guī)定有豐富海上工作經(jīng)歷、嫻熟船舶駕駛經(jīng)驗(yàn)和技術(shù)，更要有較好商務(wù)操作能力、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)管理能力、極佳個(gè)人人品、強(qiáng)大人格魅力和感召力。還要勤于動(dòng)腦、身體力行，在所有船員面前樹立典范。船東在進(jìn)行面試時(shí)，往往提問船長(zhǎng)問題最多，也最復(fù)雜，考察時(shí)間也最長(zhǎng)。提問船長(zhǎng)問題涉及到國(guó)際安全管理規(guī)則、安全管理體系、船長(zhǎng)資歷、船舶管理、各種詳細(xì)商務(wù)和技術(shù)問題等等。

下面收集了一某些面試試題，供廣大面試船長(zhǎng)參照。其中某些問題，不但船長(zhǎng)必備，其她干部船員，特別是大副也必要看，輪機(jī)長(zhǎng)也應(yīng)當(dāng)參照一下。Canyoutellmeaboutyoureducationalbackground?實(shí)事求是，最佳告訴人家在某個(gè)學(xué)校學(xué)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，最佳也要告訴人家你接受某些社會(huì)培訓(xùn)狀況，謙虛好學(xué)畢竟是一種美德嘛。Pleaserefertoamaster’sself-introductioninPartOneofthisbook.Whatisaclassificationsociety?Whatisthepurposeofclassificationsurvey?Pleaselistsomefamousclassificationsocietiesintheword.Aclassificationsocietyisusuallyanindependentorganizationthatcarriesoutclassificationsurveys，statutorysurveys，surveysrelatedtoanotarymattersforships，offshoreinstallations，marinefreightcontainers，materialsandmarineequipments.Italsoprovidessafetymanagementcertificationservicestoshippingcompaniesandtheirships.Thepurposeofclassificationsurveyistoevaluatethesituationofashipandthemanagementofacompanyanditsship.Someofthefamousclassificationsocietiesare:NK(Japanese日本海事協(xié)會(huì))，CCS（Chinese）,ABS(American)，DNV(Norwegian),SL(BritishLloyd英國(guó)勞氏)，GL（GermanLloyd德國(guó)勞氏），KR（Korea）,RINA(意大利船級(jí)社).Canyoutalkaboutthepreviousvesselsyouworkedonboard?實(shí)事求是，若沒有做過(guò)，千萬(wàn)不要偽造。并且服務(wù)簿、書面簡(jiǎn)歷以及你自己口頭簡(jiǎn)介資歷內(nèi)容一定要一致，特別是時(shí)間、船型、航區(qū)、噸位、船員狀況、外派公司、船東及租船公司狀況，由于你是船長(zhǎng)，應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)自己管理船有非常深印象。Pleaserefertoanmaster’sself-introductioninPartOneofthisbook.Whattypeofcargowascarriedonboardyourlastvessel?曾經(jīng)在什么船上工作過(guò)，運(yùn)過(guò)什么貨品也是船東非常關(guān)懷問題，由于船東在考慮把她一條船交給你時(shí)，對(duì)你與否運(yùn)過(guò)某種她們船舶載貨品非常核心。由于你只有運(yùn)過(guò)某種貨品，才對(duì)這種貨品特性、裝卸時(shí)需要注意事項(xiàng)、運(yùn)送途中需要注意事項(xiàng)有所理解和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。其實(shí)，你如果運(yùn)過(guò)某些貨品，你也應(yīng)當(dāng)說(shuō)出來(lái)。下面提供幾種貨品名稱，供參照：Bulkcargocement，cementclicker，nickel，ore，iron，sand，phosphorus，potashinbulk，salt，grain，petcoke，coaletc.,Generalcargo：vehicle，loader，wagon，heavylifts，over-lengthcargo，mineequipment，steelconstructionmaterial.Other：Log，plywood，container，andsoon.Whenwasyourlastvesseltradingarea，whichportshaveyoucalled?IhaverichexperienceincallingtheportsintheUS，somedevelopingcountriesandinthepassagethroughtheSuezCanal，PanamaCanalandDenverStrait，andDenmarkStrait.Someusefulexpressionsfortradingareas：全球航線ocean-going,worldwidely,globally,worldwide；固定航線fixedroute.CanyoutellmethedifferencesbetweentheChinesestatesownedshippingcompaniesandforeignshippingcompanies?Basically，inmyopinion，therearenotbigdifferencesatall.Itseemstomethatforeignownersaremoreconcernedaboutthemaster’soverridingauthorityonboardwhiletheChineseshippingcompaniestendtoasktheirlocalagentstodomoreforthevessel.AnothermajordifferencebetweenthemisthattheSafetyManagementSystemoftheChinesecompaniesisinChineseandtheworkinglanguageonboardisChinese.What’smore，mostoftheChineseownersusetheCCSforclassificationwhileforeignownersmayusedifferentclassificationsocieties.各個(gè)國(guó)家船公司均有自己特點(diǎn)和特色。至于您如何回答這個(gè)問題并不重要，核心是不要妄自菲?。辉囅胍幌?，如果中華人民共和國(guó)船東一無(wú)是處話，咱們中華人民共和國(guó)船員素質(zhì)又會(huì)如何呢？Incaseofcargodamage，forexample，beforethevesselarrivesatthedischargingport，youfindthequalityofthesurfacecargohaschanged，howwouldyouhandleit?Ihavetolookintothereasonandvolumeofthedamagefirst,andthenI’llcontacttheownerforinstruction.Intheeventofsmallquantityofgrain,Ishalljustthrowitintotheseatoavoiddisputes.OrIwillfollowtheowner’sinstructiontocontactit’stheP&Icorrespondentorlocalagentfortheiradvice.Ifnecessary，I’llprepareaSeaProtesttoclaimthattheshipownerandthecrewhaveexercisedtheirduediligence.關(guān)于貨損失、方面解決程序，各個(gè)公司均有有關(guān)操作和程序文獻(xiàn)，上面只是普通解決原則。HowdoyouunderstandtheMaster’soverridingauthorityunderemergencysituations?Ifthesituationandtimepermit,theMastershouldalwaysreporttothecompanyfirstbeforetakingactions.However,whentheshipisinimmediatedanger,theMastershallexercisehisoverridingauthorityandtakewhateveractionsnecessaryindealingwithanemergencysituationinordertoprotectthesafetyoftheseafarers,thecargo,thevessel,theportandtheenvironmentwithoutconsideringtoomuchthedemandsoftheshipownerandcharterer.Nevertheless，theMastershouldreporttothecompanyindetailwhathashappenedaftertheevent.CanyoutellmeaboutyourexperienceasaCaptain?Hints：YourexperiencemayincludesuchthingsasthedurationyouhaveworkedasaCaptain，theplacesorportsyouhavebeeneverbeento,thetypesofvesselsyouhaveserved,thetypesforcargoyouhaveeverexperienced,themanagementstylesonthevessels，andsoon.PleasealsorefertoChapterOneformoredetailedanswers.WhatistheMaster’sStandingOrder?ItisbasicallytheMaster’sownsetofinstructionsandordersforthevessel’soperation.Thecontentsmayincludethewatch-keepingdutiesfortheofficers,whentoaskfororderfromthemaster,theportentryprocedure,andhowtodealwithemergencysituationlikeoilpollution,firedisaster,collision,grounding,aswellaswhentocallthemastertothebridge,andsoon.Forspecialvessels(tanker，LPGorcarcarriers，etc.,)thestandingordersmayhavesomemorecontents.TheStandingOrderisnormallyfoundonthefirstpagesofDeckLogBookandintheBridgeOrderBook.Besides，somewarningsshallbeprominentlypostedonthebridgeandreadandsignedbyalldutyofficers.HowdoyouunderstandtheimportanceofkeepinggoodharmoniousrelationshipwiththeChiefEngineerandotherofficerandengineers?WithoutharmoniousrelationshipwiththeChiefEngineerandotherofficersandengineer，theMastercannotmanagetheshipwell.ButhowcantheMasterachieveit?Firstofall,theMastermusthaveclosecontactwiththedepartmentheadsbecausethedailymanagementisdelegatedtothemalthoughtheMasterhimselfisresponsiblefortheoverallsafetyandpersonnelmanagement.Secondly，theMasterhimselfmustknowhisjobwellandknowwhentodowhatandhow.Thirdly，theMastershouldbeverystrictinhimselfindisciplineandbehavior.Fourthly，heshouldbefairinjobassignment，paydistributionandotherdailymanagement.ButifsomeoneonboardbreakstheMaster’sorderortherulesonpurpose，theMasterwillhavetopenalizetheoffenderandcanconsiderfiringhimaccordingtotheprocedureoftheshipowner.這是一種考驗(yàn)船長(zhǎng)管理能力問題，也許不同船長(zhǎng)有不同管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)和辦法，但是船東但愿船長(zhǎng)在這方面有較好辦法。有些船長(zhǎng)在回答此類問題時(shí)，會(huì)不假思考地說(shuō)：“Iwilldismissthosewhodonotlistentome”。咱們這樣船長(zhǎng)未免太霸道了。上述答案只是筆者個(gè)人看法，僅供參照。Didyouhavetheexperienceofworkingwithforeigncrews?Yes，IhaveworkedonfourshipsofmixedcrewfromChina,ChinaTaiwan，Philippine,Vietnam,Russia,SouthKorea，Japan，BurmaandUkraine.實(shí)事求是。但是，外派資歷外國(guó)船東很看中事，如果你有較好外派資歷，可千萬(wàn)不要錯(cuò)過(guò)讓船東懂得機(jī)會(huì)。HowdoyoudifferentiatetheChinesecrewsandthePilipinocrews?OrhowdoyoulikePilipino(Korea，Vietnamese，Indian，Burmese，Ukrainian，Russian，Britishetc.)seaman?IhadtheexperienceofworkingwiththeFilipinocrew.TheFilipinosaremostlyveryprofessionalandobedient.Sometimestheyarealsodemandingintermsofwages.Asawhole，theyareveryniceseafarers.在回答此類問題時(shí)，切忌把其她國(guó)家海員說(shuō)得一無(wú)是處，如果你以為人家什么都不是話，那么很難想象你在將來(lái)工作中能和人家配合好。何況，無(wú)論哪個(gè)國(guó)家、哪個(gè)文化人均有好人和壞人。要盡量說(shuō)出人家長(zhǎng)處。船員隊(duì)伍本來(lái)就很國(guó)際化，在一種類似“聯(lián)合國(guó)”工作團(tuán)隊(duì)里，能和不同國(guó)籍、不同文化、不同性格人相處，顯得十分重要。Canyoutellmeaboutthecompaniesyouhaveworkedfor?Whatarethedifferencesamongthesecompanies?ThecompanyIhaveworkedforthepasttenyearsisastate-ownedcompany.Itisagoodcompany.Butthemanagementofthecompanyisinsomeways，differentfromforeignship-ownerscompanies.實(shí)事求是。同樣，也不但愿你過(guò)多地貶低你曾經(jīng)工作過(guò)公司，由于既然你憎恨所有本來(lái)公司，你也也許會(huì)憎恨你即將服務(wù)新公司。而事情往往是，在船東以為，公司和船東發(fā)生沖突時(shí)，并不見得是你公司問題，也許是你本人就不適合在本來(lái)公司工作。Howisapassage/voyageplanmadeonboardships?Whatmaterialsdoyouneedtorefertowhenyoumakesuchplans?Usually，apassageplanshouldbemadebeforeanewvoyagestarts.TheMastershouldgivetheSecondOfficerthesailinginstructionandhisintentionsonthesailingroutesandbeforetheSecondOfficerpreparesthedraftplan.ThentheMasterissupposedtocheckitverycarefully.Ifsomethingwrongisfoundinthepassageplan，theMastershouldasktheSecondOfficertocorrectitimmediately.Ifnothingiswrongaboutthedraft，theplanshallberatifiedandimplemented.WhentheSecondOfficerismakingthedraftplan，theMastershouldhelpprovidesomeimportantinformationsourcesfortheSecondOfficerpreparesthedraftplan.ThentheMasterissupposedtocheckitverycarefully.Ifsomethingwrongisfoundinthepassageplan，theMastershouldasktheSecondOfficertocorrectitimmediately.Ifnothingiswrongaboutthedraft，theplanshallberatifiedandimplemented.WhentheSecondOfficerismakingthedraftplan，theMastershouldhelpprovidesomeimportantinformationsourcesfortheSecondOfficer，suchastheportentryguidance，thesailingdirections，listsoflights，tidalstreamtables，deepdraughtvesselplanningguide，theIMOshiprouteguidance，governmentandportauthority’sregulations，pilotcharts，noticetomariner，weatherinformation，andthevoyageplanandsoon.TheMastershouldensurethattheplancovers“berthtoberth”areainthepassage.AndtheMastershouldhelptheSecondOfficertoselectthebestsailingroutethatwillsavefuelandtime，andavoidbadweatherconditions.CanyoudescribethepreparationproceduresbeforeenteringtheUSports?First，Imustcheckallthecertificatesforthevesselandtheseamentomakesureallthenecessarycertificatesareavailabletodealwiththecustomsclearances，thesanitarychecksandotherportchecks.Inaddition，Imustpreparesuchpublicationsascurrentlycorrectednavigationalcharts，UScostalpilotguide，lightlistbook，tidetable，USinlandrulesofnavigation，andrecentnoticetomariners.Forty-eighthourspriortoaUSport，Ishallconductthefollowingemergencysteeringdrillsandlogthemintotherecordbooks：operationofthemainsteeringgearfromsteeringcompartment，communicationbetweenbridgeandsteeringcompartment，andalternativepowersupply.IshallalsoinformtheQualifiedIndividualofmyarrival.Twenty-fourhoursbeforearrivalinaUSport，IshallnotifytheUSCGofmyship’sarrival.TwelvehourspriortoarrivalinaUSport，thefollowingequipmentshallbetestedandrecordedinthelogbook：primaryandsecondsteeringgear，internalcontrolcommunicationsandalarms，standing-byemergencygenerator，andmainpropulsionmachinery.Drillsarealsotheprioritiesofmypreparatorywork.Usually，theportauthorityoftheUSpaysspecialattentiontothedrills.Soboatdrills，fire-fightingdrillsandotherdrillsmustbecarriedoutbeforeenteringintoanyUSport.Sanitarysituationofmyshipisanotherconsideration.Properdisposalofgarbageonmyshipandanti-pollutiondevicesexaminationareveryimportant.Allinall，muchmorecareshouldbetakenbeforeentryintoanyUSportthanintheportsinothercountries.美國(guó)是世界上海事立法最多國(guó)家，也是港口檢查最嚴(yán)格國(guó)家之一，熟悉美國(guó)關(guān)于海事立法和港口國(guó)檢查規(guī)定對(duì)一名船長(zhǎng)來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要，這也是船東特別關(guān)注問題。DidyouencounteranyproblemsduringPSCinspectionsintheUSports?No，IhavenevermetanybigproblemsbecauseIalwaysmadegoodpreparationbeforemyvesselcalledattheUSport.EachtimeIwasabletogothroughthePSCinspectionssmoothly.Oryoucansay:Yes，IoncehadaproblemduringPSCinspectioninaUSport.TheARPAcouldn’tbeactivatedsincethepowersupplywasoutofwork.TheUSCGonlyallowedusafewhourstorepairit.Totheirsatisfaction，theARPAwasbacktonormalafteronlyonehour.Luckily，wedon’thaveanyfineimposedonus.Iunderstandfromthisexperiencethatgoodpreparationsinadvanceareveryimportant.Evenifthereisaproblem，Iwillaskmycrewtorectifyitintheleastpossibletime.Howshouldthepre-departureseminarbeconductedintheport?Accordingtomyexperience，asafetymeetingshallbeheldpriortodepartureandsomeoftheimportantissuesliketheun-berthingoperationawaycheck，cooperationwiththepilotandotherengineering(technical)mattersshouldbediscussedatthemeeting.WhyshouldtheMasteralwaysbeawareoftheactionsbeingtakenbythepilot?Well，it’sbecausethepresenceofthepilotonthebridgedoesnotrelievetheMasterfromtakinganymeasuresnecessarytoassurethesafetyoftheshipandmarineenvironment.Ifhefindsthatthepilot’sordersaredoubtful，theMasterhastoclarifytheordersimmediately.Whennecessary，theMastershallcommandtheship’snavigationhimself.引航員在船引航時(shí)并沒有解除船長(zhǎng)和船員對(duì)于船舶安全責(zé)任是ISM體系特別強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn)，船長(zhǎng)應(yīng)當(dāng)熟知并讓每位船員熟知。WhatshouldtheMasterdoifheisunsureabouthislegalstandinginaforeigncountryorastrangeport?Hemustcontactthecompanyatonceforadvice.Heshouldalso，ifnecessary，consultthelocalcorrespondentoftheowner’sP&Iandthelocalagentoftheshipwhocanprovidevaluableandassistance.絕大多數(shù)船東但愿遠(yuǎn)在海上船員能及時(shí)和船東溝通，并把某些解決不了或不是很明白問題及時(shí)向她們報(bào)告。固然，和船東公司在各個(gè)國(guó)家和港口代理溝通也十分重要。WhatshouldtheMasterdoifthefiguresoftheloadedquantityareabnormallydifferentfromthoseonthebillsoflading?Themastershouldreportthecasetotheshipownerassoonaspossible.Atthediscretionofthecompany，theMastershouldprepareandsendaLetterofProtesttothenotarysurveyorofterminal/portauthorityundertheinstructionoftheshipowner.Insuchcase，theMastershouldalsorequirefurthermeasurementsandcalculationstobemade.WhatcontentsareshownontheBillofLadingiftheshipisloadedwithbulkcargo?Ususlly，thefollowingitemsareshownontheBillofLading(B/L)：measure，quality，quantity，condition，contentsandvalueunknownetc.，DifferentcompaniesmayhaveformatsfortheirrespectiveB/L.AB/Lconsistsofthreeoriginalcopiesthathavethesamelegalvalidity.Thefirstcopytheconsigneeshowswilldenythevalidityoftheothertwocopies.DoyouknowtheinsurancecoverageprovidedbyaP&IClub?AP&IClubisanon-profitassociationofshipownersthatprovidesmutualinsuranceagainstmaritimerisks.ItcoverstherisksthatarenotcoveredbytheHullInsurer，suchaspersonalillnessandinjury，cargodamage，collisionwithanothervessel，stowawaysandrefugees，damagetofixedorfloatingobjects，pollutionandsoon.CouldyouexplainwhattheSOLAS74ANDMARPOL73/78are?WhatistherelationbetweenSOLAS74andISMCode?SOLASistheInternationalConventionfortheSafetyofLifeatSea.ItisthemostimportantinternationalconventiononthesafetyofthelifeatseamadeandpassedbyIMO.TheISMCodeislistedasChapter9oftheSOLAS74.Itistoensuresafetyoftheship，theseamen，theportandthecargo，aswellasthemarineenvironment.MARPOL，73/78istheInternationalConventiononthePreventionofMarinePollution.Thisisthemostimportantinternationalconventionontheprotectionofmarineenvironment.幾種國(guó)際公約名稱，特別是全稱應(yīng)當(dāng)了如指掌。對(duì)公約重要條款更應(yīng)當(dāng)懂得。當(dāng)前，ISMCODE因列為SOLAS公約第9章而變成強(qiáng)制性執(zhí)行公約，對(duì)ISMCODE目、重要內(nèi)容特別要有比較進(jìn)一步理解。Priortoship’sdeparture，whattestsshouldbemadeandloggedintheShip’sLogBook?Someofthekeytesttobedonebeforesailing:a)Steeringgeartestb)Ship’sclocksandenginetelegraphtestsandharmonizationc)Internal，externalandportablecommunicationequipmenttestd)Thewhistleandnavigationalliststestse)Relevantelectronicposition-fixingequipment(ARPA，RADAR，GMDSS)testf)AnyotherteststhattheMasterthinksnecessaryHowoftenatleastshouldtheEmergencySteeringDrillbeheld?Itshouldbeheldatleasteverythreemonths.Butactually，themoreoftenthedrillisdone，thebetter.Butbeforeenteringintosomeports，forexample，intheUSwherePSCinspectionsareverystrict，itisveryimportanttohavedrillspriortoentry.Howdoyoumaintaintheminimumunderkeelclearance(MUKC)whenthevesselisduringpassage，infairwaysandinsideports?Duringthepassage，theMUKCshouldbeatleastmorethan20%ofloaddraft，orasregulatedbyportauthority.富余水深多少因不同船、不同航區(qū)規(guī)定而異，但是，為了保證航行安全，船長(zhǎng)應(yīng)在心目中有個(gè)大體數(shù)字。WhataretheMaster’sresponsibilitiesongarbagedisposal?TheMastershallensurethattheposterswithasummaryofregulationongarbagedisposalatseaisclearlydisplayedintheship’sgalley，ontheinformationboardsandinanyotherplaceswheregarbageiscollectedpriortodisposal.TheMastershalldiscussthesubjectofshipboardgarbagemanagementwiththecrewatsafetymeetings.TheMastershallcheckthegarbagedisposalsituationonboardthoroughlyfromtimetotime.TheMastershallalsonominateaspecificpersoninchargeofthegarbagedisposal.Canyoudescribethegarbagedisposalproceduresonboardyourlastvessel?Howdidyouclassifythegarbageonboard?Fourstepsshouldbefollowed：collection，processing(separation)，storage，anddisposal.Thegarbagecandividedintothreekinds;Plasticsandplasticmixedwithothermaterials;Foodandaccommodationwaste;Othergarbagecannotdisposedintothesea，e.g.plasticsandplasticmaterials.垃圾解決涉及到污染問題。各個(gè)公司ISM手冊(cè)對(duì)于垃圾解決都規(guī)定了非常嚴(yán)格程序。垃圾固然也有明確分類，如有公司規(guī)定把垃圾提成三類、有提成四類、有提成六類等。船東重要看備選船員在防污染方面與否注重。由于一旦給某些港口國(guó)導(dǎo)致污染，船東會(huì)受到重罰。WhataresensitivecargoesasdefinedbytheP&IClub?Thecargoesthatareparticularlysusceptibletomoistureanddamagearecalledsensitivecargoes.Specialattentionisrequiredforsensitivecargoes.TheP&IClubdefinethefollowingcargoesassensitivecargoes：cement，grain，andsugarandsoon.Beforethecommencementofeachvoyage，whichpartsofthevesselshouldbechecked?Cargoholds，hatchcovers，ventilationsystem，tank-top，holdlighting，firefightinganddetectorappliances，bilge，soundingpipes，airpipes，cargogears(hooks，grabs，slings，wires)andtherelevantmachineryshouldbecheckedcarefullyinordertoensureseaworthinessofthevessel.Afterthechecks，thechecklistsshallbefilledorrecordsshallbekept.Pleaseexplainthemeaningof“SOPEP”?WhatcontentsshouldbeincludedintheSOPEP?SOPEPmeansShipboardOilPollutionEmergencyPlananditshouldcontainthefollowing:(1)ProcedurestobefollowedbytheMasterorotherpersonsinchargeoftheshiptoreportanoilpollutionincident.(2)Authorityorpersonstobecontactedintheeventofoilpollution.(3)Detaileddescriptionofactionstobetakenimmediatelybypersonsonboardtoreduceorcontrolthedischargeofoilfollowingincident.(4)Listofoilspillresponseequipmentandmaterialstobemaintainedonboard.(Removers，sprayer，oilabsorbent，sawdust，wasterags，scoop，shovels，buckets，bamboobrooms，portablepump，protectiveclothingandportablecontainers).Simplyspeaking，SOPEPshouldincludesuchthingsastheemergencycontacts(telephoneandothermeansofcommunication，address，etc.)，theequipmentusedindealingwithoilpollution，themusterlistintheoilpollution，andthereportprocedurewhentheaccidenthappensetc.Whatpreparationsshouldyoumakebeforeentryintoaport?(1)Togatherthenecessaryinformationonthestateanddestinationportauthorityrequirementsrelatedtopilotage，berthing，customsclearanceandportquarantineinspections，etc.;(2)Tomakesureofanorderlyslow-downofthemainengine，andaskthedutyofficertogivetheETAandthetimeshipisexpectedtobeonmaneuveringspeedtothedutyengineer;(3)ThemainengineistobetestedintheasternmodeandtheMastershouldknowthatinsomecountries(e.g.，inUS)，beforeentryintoport，entiretestofthenavigationalequipmentandmainengineisrequired;(4)Toaskthedutyofficerstoensurethattherightflags，signals，orlightsareshown;(5)Tofacilitatethemachinerymaintenance，theMastershouldgivetheC/EanindicationofETBandETDimmediatelyafterthearrivalatananchorageorberth.WhatshouldaMusterListinclude?WhatkindsofMusterListdidyouhaveonthelastvessel?AMusterListshouldincludethefollowingpoints;(1)Detailsofemergencyalarmsignal;(2)Howabandonshiporderwillbegiven;(3)Substituteforthekeypersonnelwhomaybecomedisabled;(4)Theboattowhicheachpersonbelongsanddutiestobeperformedinanabandonshipsituation;(5)Thespecificgrouptowhichapersonbelongsandgeneraldutiesduringvariousemergencies;(6)Anyadditionalorspecificduties;(7)Specificassemblypointofeachgroup.TheMusterListmustbereadybeforeashipsails.WehadthefollowingMusterListsonboardthelastvessel；Generalemergency，firefighting，fireintheengine，emergencysteering，abandon-ship，manoverboard，oilpollutionpreventionstation.Whenyourshipisinvolvedinanoilpollutionincident，whatshouldmasterdo?AccordingtotheISMCodeandMARPOL，theincidentshouldbeimmediatelyreportedtothenearestcoastalState，andtheshipownerwithoutanydelay.Areportshouldalsobesubmittedtotheflagstate.DoyouallowcargodischargewithoutbeingshowntheB/L?Definitelyspeak：No.TheB/Listhelegalevidenceofthecargo’sownership.However，thecargocanbedischargediftheconsigneeshowsaLetterofIndemnityapprovedbytheshipownerconfirmingtheauthenticityofthedocuments.Howdoyouunderstandshipboardtraining?Itisaveryimportantthingonboard.Routinetrainingonsafetyofthevessel，thecargo，andtheseamenshouldbecarriedoutperiodically.Trainingtonewjoinersisalsoimportant.Theyshouldbebriefedonemergencyprocedures，anti-pollution，safetyequipmentfamiliarization，shipoperationaltrainingandworkingskills.Howcanyoumaintainabalanceofinterestsbetweentheshipownerandthecharterer?Well，thisisadifficultquestion.Myopinionisthattheowner’sinterestsshouldalwaysbeprioritized.Butyouknow，sometimestheMasterisunderheavypressurefromboththeownerandthecharterer.Myexperienceisthatthecharterer’sinterestsshouldbetakegoodcareofwithouthurtingtheinterestsoftheownerandthecrew.船長(zhǎng)可以依照自身經(jīng)驗(yàn)和體會(huì)來(lái)組織這個(gè)問題答案。但普通而言，船東但愿能和租船公司建立良好關(guān)系，又能維護(hù)船東利益。由于船長(zhǎng)拿是船東工資，但船東拿是客戶（租家）錢。Whatdoyouknowabouttheinternalandexternalaudit?Duringtheinternalaudit，howwillyoucooperatewiththeauditors?Usually，theinternalauditiscarriedoutonceortwiceayearinaccordancewiththeowner’sSMSmanuals.ItisunderthechargeoftheDesignatedPerson(DP)，oratthediscretionoftheDP.Afterreceivingauditnoticefromthecompany，theMastershouldholdapre-auditmeetingwiththeofficersandengineersafterreceivingtheauditnotice.TheMastershouldmakesurethebestcooperationisprovidedtotheauditorsofthecompanyandthedocumentstobeauditedarewellprepared.TheexternalauditiscarriedoutbytheprofessionalauditorsfromtheClass.Ifmajornon-conformities，non-conformitiesandobservationsarefoundeitherintheinternalorexternalaudit，theshipshouldmakerectificationinthestipulatedtime.Canyoubrieflydescribethehand-overprocedurebetweentheoutgoingMasterandtherelievingMaster?Usually，thehandoverprocedureisasfollows:First，theoutgoingMastershouldprepareahandoverreportasperthecompany’shandoverprocedureandchecklist.Second，theoutgoingMastershouldprepareahandovermemotobeattachedtothereport.Thefollowingshouldbethehighlightsinthehandoverprocedure：Documentation，communication(themeanstocontactallrelatedpersonsandcompanies)，bridgeequipment，storesandaccount，personnel，shipmaintenanceandconditionsetc.Besides，itisalsoveryimportanttogivetherelievingMasteraclearideaofthepersonnel，thelocalagent，theportandsomeotherinformationthatarenotwritteninthechecklist.TrytofillinallthechecklistsatthepresenceofbothMasters.WhatistherelationshipbetweentheMasterandtheChiefEngineer?OrwhatkindofrelationshouldtheMasterandtheChiefEngineerhave?TheMasteristheNo.1leaderoftheship，responsibleforthewholevesselandtheChiefEngineerisonesubordinateoftheMaster.TheChiefEngineerisinfullchargeoftheenginedepartment.Inthemeantime，itisalsoimportantfortheMastertooffersupportandhelptotheChiefEngineerinhisimplementationofduties.Anyway，smoothcooperationandharmoniousrelationshipbetweentheMasterandtheChiefEngineerisveryimportanttothesafeoperationofthevessel.船長(zhǎng)和輪機(jī)長(zhǎng)融洽關(guān)系非常重要，但船長(zhǎng)對(duì)船舶安全絕對(duì)權(quán)威不能有任何折扣。船東但愿船長(zhǎng)既能和輪機(jī)長(zhǎng)處好關(guān)系，又可以樹立自己管理權(quán)威。Whatshouldtheship’sNightOrdersinclude?HowoftendoyoupreparetheNightOrders?Dowell-preparedNightOrdersmeanyoucanhaveagoodsleep?Theship’sNightOrdersshouldincludesuchinformationassailingcourse，anti-collisionwarning，someprecautions，watchkeepingpoints，dangerouscargoorders，sailingwarninginspecialareasetc.TheMastershouldprepareaNightOrdereverynightbeforehegoestosleep.EvenIhavewellpreparednightorders，Ishallstillbeonhighalertwhenthevesselissailinginsomedangerousareas(i.e.areaswithlowvisibility，somenarrowstraits，alongtheseacoastandthependingarrivalattheport，etc.)這是一種船東非常關(guān)懷問題，由于這涉及到船舶行駛安全，船長(zhǎng)必要能純熟說(shuō)出。Whennewcrewscomeonboard，whattrainingwillyouoffertothem?First，Iwillgetthemfamiliarwiththewholevessel，includingtheequipment，thepersonnelanddocuments.Second，Iwillaskthemtogetfamiliarwiththeirrespectiveduties.Third，Iwillgetthemtrainedonthesafeoperationandemergencyproceduresandsoon.船上船員培訓(xùn)既要符合國(guó)際規(guī)則規(guī)定，也要符合公司體系文獻(xiàn)規(guī)定。此外，船長(zhǎng)也要依照詳細(xì)狀況安排相應(yīng)培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容。Whatarethethreegradesofbulkcarriersaccordingtotheirsize?Generally，theyareclassifiedintothreetypes：Handysize，PanamaxsizeandCapesize.TheHandysizebulkerislessthan60,000tonsindeadweithttonnage.Thepanamaxsizebulkerisbetween60,000to70,000tons，usuallycarryingusualcargoessuchascoal，barxite(鋁土礦)，Borax(硼砂)，Cement，Grain，Tapioka，Copra(椰子肉)，Pellet，LimeStoneandsoon.TheCapesizeismorethan80,000indeadweighttonnage，and106feetinbreadth，andthecargousuallycarriedbythistypeofabulkerareironore，pellet，andCoal.Howdoyouknowthattheseachartisup-to-date?HowdoyougetthelatestNoticetoMariner?Ineedtocheckthechartscorrectionlogandthechartsconcernedtomakesurethechartisupdated.NormallythecompanysendstheNoticetoMarinerperiodicallyandautomaticallytotheship.IwillsendarequisitiontothecompanyiftheNoticetoMarinerisnotbeingreceived.WhatistheDCPAduringpassage，infairways，inthestraitandinsideports?Atsea，theclosestpointofapproach(DCPA)istwomiles；inthestrait，theclosestpointofapproach(DCPA)istwomiles；inthestrait，theshortestdistancebetweenthetwoshipsisthenewcoursedistancebetweentwovesselsalsodependedonsuchfactorsasweathercondition，thesizesofthetwovesselsandsoon.Howdoyoutreattheenginebilgewater?Theenginebilgewatercanbynomeansbepumpedoutintotheseadirectly.Ifithastobepumpedout，itmustbeproperlytreatedthroughtheoilywaterseparator.Ifthe