Unit3TheWorldofScienceUsingLanguage課件高中英語外研版

Unit3TheworldofsciencePresentperfectpassiveB3U3動詞的兩種語態(tài)主動語態(tài)（theactivevoice）：表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者被動語態(tài)（thepassivevoice）：表示主語是動作的承受者Weplantedthetrees.主謂關(guān)系Thetreeswereplantedbyus.動賓關(guān)系不同時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在時過去時將來時過去將來時一般時

進(jìn)行時

----------

----------完成時

-----------------------is/am/aredonewas/weredonewillbedonewouldbedoneis/am/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdonehave/hasbeendonehadbeendoneFootballisplayedinmostcountriesintheworld.ThefishwascaughtbyMr.Green.

Willthehousebebuiltnextyear?Heknewhewouldbepunishedfordrunkdriving.

Anotherbridgeisbeingbuiltovertheriver.

Thisroadwasbeingbuiltthistimelastyear.

Noagreementhasbeenreachedsofarbythetwosides.Whenwegottothecinema,alltheticketshadbeensoldout..Areyoufamiliarwiththesesounds?Youhavebeenslain.Anallyhasbeenslain.slay--slayed--slayedslay--slew--slain

擊殺現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時

(have/has+v-ed)：表示說話時已經(jīng)完成的動作，而且這個動作的結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在仍有影響;或表示動作發(fā)生在過去，但一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。Presentperfectpassive現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)

(be+v-ed)be隨主語的人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化而變化。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作承受者，不必說出執(zhí)行者或含糊不清的執(zhí)行者時，多用被動語態(tài)。Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.a

Iguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.b

Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.1Whathashappenedto“you”insentence(a)?Someonehasasked“you”aboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.a

Iguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.b

Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.2Whohasusednewinventionstomakereplacementheartsandbonepartsinsentence(b)?Peoplehaveused3Dprinterstomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.a

Iguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.b

Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.c

Iguesssomeonehasaskedyouaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.d

Peoplehaveusednewinventionslike3Dprinterstomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.3Whatisthedifferencebetweenthetwogroupsofsentences?Group(a,b)_______________________________________.Group(c,d)_______________________________________.containthepassiveformwiththesubjectscontaintheactiveformwiththesubjects（主動語態(tài)）（被動語態(tài)）4

Whydoestheauthorchoosetousethepassiveforminsteadoftheactiveforminthereadingpassage?Theauthorchoosestousethepassiveforminsteadoftheactiveformtoemphasisewhathasbeendone,ratherthanwhoorwhatdoestheaction.a

Iguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.b

Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.Nowlookformoresentenceswiththepresentperfectpassiveinthereadingpassage.1)TheNewAgeofInventionhasjustbeenpublished..3)Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.已經(jīng)被出版已經(jīng)被取得已經(jīng)被用來一

現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)含義1表過去開始的被動動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，常連用的時間狀語有：

for+段時間，since+時間狀語(從句)，thesedays,sofar,uptonow,

inthelast/pastfewyears等。ThisclasshavebeentaughtbyMr.Brownfortwoyears.Rowling’snovelshavebeentranslatedintomanyforeignlanguagessofar.HisChinesehasbeenimprovedalotsincehecametoChina.這個班已經(jīng)被教了兩年了自從他來中國，他的中文已經(jīng)提升了很多迄今為止羅琳的小說已經(jīng)被翻譯成了很多外國語言。一

現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)含義2表某被動動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，

常與already,yet,just,ever,never,recently等連用。Thebikehasnotbeenrepairedyet.IhavealreadybeenintroducedtoMr.Smith.這輛自行車還沒有修理我已經(jīng)被介紹給史密斯先生了

注意事項(xiàng)1during

/

over

+

時間段,

inthelast

/

past

+

時間段等時間狀語常與現(xiàn)在完成時搭配的時間狀語since+時間點(diǎn),already,recently

,

lately

,sofar,uptonow,for＋時間段,eversince二

現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)幾種常規(guī)用法WhentousethePresentperfectpassive?1.不知道或者沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰；Hisbikehasbeenstolen.

Suchbookshavebeenwrittenforchildren.

Theletterhasbeenopened.2.強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者，而不是動作的執(zhí)行者；

Alltheproductshavebeentested.

3.用于動作的執(zhí)行者不是人時。Thehousehasbeenwashedawaybytheflood.（已經(jīng)為兒童編寫這類圖書了。）（這些產(chǎn)品都經(jīng)過測試了。）（這封信被人拆開了。）（那棟房子已經(jīng)被洪水沖走了。）（他的自行車被人偷了）三

現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)have/has+been+v-edhave/has+not+been+v-edHave/Has+主語+been+v-ed?疑問詞+have/has+been+v-ed?肯定式：否定式：一般疑問句：特殊疑問句：三

現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)have/has+not+been+v-ed否定式：Theinkhasnotbeenremovedfromhisovercoat.（墨跡還沒有從他的外套上去掉）Have/Has+主語+been+v-ed?一般疑問句：Hasthedateforthenextmeetingbeendecided?（下次會議的日期已經(jīng)確定了嗎？）三

現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)疑問詞+have/has+been+v-ed?特殊疑問句：Howlong

hasthisfilmbeenshown?（這部電影已經(jīng)放映多長時間了？）（誰已經(jīng)得到了這臺新計(jì)算機(jī)的幫助？）Howmanynewwordshasbeenlearnedbythestudents?（這些學(xué)生已經(jīng)學(xué)會了對少個新單詞？）

兩個助動詞1現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)有兩個助動詞，即have/has和been，

兩者缺一不可。Hehasbeenselectedtotakepartinthesportsmeeting.（他已經(jīng)被挑選出來參加運(yùn)動會。）

與一般過去時被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別一般過去時被動語態(tài)表示一個被動的動作發(fā)生在過去，其結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在沒有影響；現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的動作或狀態(tài)盡管發(fā)生在過去，但側(cè)重說明該動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。Themachinehasbeenrepaired．機(jī)器已經(jīng)修好了。(動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在有影響，修好了。)Themachinewasrepairedyesterday．機(jī)器昨天修了。(只說明動作發(fā)生在昨天。)

非延續(xù)性動詞Thenewcarhasbeenkeptforamonth.(borrow)這輛新車已經(jīng)被借了一周了。Thenewcarhasbeenborrowedforamonth.√×

非延續(xù)性動詞但這類動詞的否定式可表示動作的持續(xù)過程，可與since或for構(gòu)成的時間狀語連用。eg:

Thisdictionaryhasnotbeenborrowedsincelastweek.

不及物動詞或詞組并不是所有動詞都有被動語態(tài)。happen

,takeplace

,breakout

,belongto

,cost

,last等不及物動詞或詞組無被動語態(tài)。GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.1978年以來，中國發(fā)生了巨大的變化

動詞短語動詞短語是一個不可分割的整體，在被動語態(tài)中要保持其完整性，其中的介詞或副詞不可省略。Theorphanshavebeentakengoodcareofhere．孤兒們在這里受到很好的照顧。Theinjuredbirdhasbeenlookedaftersinceitwassaved.

（of不可省略）那只受傷的小鳥被救后一直被照看著。（after不可省略）如何將句子變成現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)？VerbformActivePassivehave/has+been+v-edhave/has+v-ed將下面句子中的主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。practice!

1.Nobodyhasheardof

SusansinceshemovedtoAmerica.

__________________________________________________2.Theywon'tfinish

theexperimentbeforeteno'clock.___________________________________________________Susanhasn'tbeenheardofsinceshemovedtoAmerica.Theexperimentwon'tbefinishedbeforeteno'clock.將下面句子中的主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。practice!

3.Wehaven'tgiven

themanythingtoeat.

__________________________________________________4.Haveyoufed

thepigsyet?

__________________________________________________5.Wehavealreadydiscussedthisquestion.

__________________________________________________Thisquestion

hasalreadybeendiscussed.Theyhaven'tbeengivenanythingtoeat.Havethepigs

beenfedyet?Manythingsinourliveshavealreadybeenaffected,1.Ithasalreadyaffectedmanythingsinourlives,3D-printedhamburgers

havebeenservedtocustomersinsomerestaurantsinLondon.2.somerestaurantsinLondonhaveserved3D-printedhambuegerstocustomers.Butperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthathasbeenachievedtodateisinmedicine.3.ButperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthatpeoplehaveachievedtodateisindedicineHumanbodyparts,includingabeatingheart,havebeenmadewith3Dprintingtechnology.

4.Theyhavemadehumanbodyparts,includingabeatingheart,with3Dprintingtechnology.Anew3D-printedshell

hasbeengiventoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire!5.peoplehavegivenanew3D-printedshelltoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire.ImagineyouareDrMoore.Lookatthepicturesandtellthepoliceaboutthedamageandlosstoyourlab.

Usethepresentperfectpassivewhereappropriate.

Inthemorning,whenIwentintomylab,Ifeltextremelysurprised.Whatamessitisnow!Mylab

_____________(break)

into.Theonlyrobotatthedoor

_____________

(push)downintopieces.Thedoorofthecupboardwasopen.Somechemicalapparatusessuchast