2022年高考備考英語外刊時事閱讀理解(2021年3-4月時事熱點)

英語英語24字整體教學(xué)法#備戰(zhàn)2022高考英語外刊時文熱點閱讀理解（2021年3-4月）文章1海蛞蝓的“再生術(shù)”文章2：以色列“人造牛奶”文章3：微型工廠將電子垃圾變廢為寶文章4：汪星人也會吃醋嗎？（一）語篇導(dǎo)讀海蛞蝓的“再生術(shù)”眾所周知，很多動物都有著超強的自愈能力和再生能力。譬如，海星可以長出新的手臂；小龍蝦可以長出新的鉗子；壁虎可以長出新的尾巴。但這些能力在海姑蝓面前簡直就是小兒科。生活在淺海區(qū)域的海姑蝓是軟體動物家族中的一個特殊成員，它們究竟有什么本領(lǐng)能夠令科學(xué)家們大為驚奇呢？閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。Seastarscangrownewarms.Crayfishcangrownewclaws.Thereareinterestingcreaturesthatcangrowbackbodypartsifaccidentshappen.However,thatischild'splayafterwhatresearcherssawaseaslugdo.AccordingtoanewdiscoverybySayakaMitohandhercolleaguesofNaraWomen'sUniversityinJapan,twospeciesofseaslugsmanagedtolosetheirheadsandthenbegancrawlingaround.Eventually,theygrewanentirelynewbody.“Weweresurprisedtoseetheheadmovingjustafteritwasremoved,”saidSayakaMitoh.“Wethoughtthatitwoulddiesoonwithoutaheartandotherimportantorgans,butweweresurprisedagaintofindthatitregeneratedthewholebody.”Aftertheinitialdiscovery,theresearchersfoundthatforyoungerslugs,thedetachedheadsbeganeatingalgaewithinhours.Thewoundtypicallyclosedatthebackoftheheadwithindays.Theystartedregrowingaheartwithinaweekandtheregenerationoftheentirebodywasfinishedafteraroundthreeweeks.Olderslugsweren'tasfortunate.Oftentheheadsdidn'tfeed,sotheydiedinabout10days.Youngorold,theheadlessbodiesnevergeneratedanewhead.Buttheydidmovearoundandrespondtobeingtouchedforseveraldaysandsometimesmonthsafterlosingtheirheads.Theresearchersaren'tsurewhytheseaslugsdroppedtheirheadsorhowthey'reabletogrownewbodies.Theymayhaveparasites（寄生蟲）thatcanhurtreproductionsotheyareremovingtheirheadsinordertoalsoremovetheparasites.Buttheresearchersaren'tsurewhatpromptsthemtoknowwhentocastoffthebodywhentheydoit.SayakaMitohsaystheybelievetheremustbecellslocatedintheneckthataresimilartostemcells.Theseareabletoregenerateanewbody.Howtheheadscansurvivewithoutaheartandothervitalorgansisanotherpuzzle.Theresearcherssaytheseseaslugsfueltheirbodiesbyphotosynthesis（光合作用）.Theyrelyonchloroplastsfromalgaeintheirownbodieswhenotherfoodisn'tavailable,aprocessknownaskleptoplasty（盜食質(zhì)體）.Theythinkthismighthelpthemsurvivelongenoughtoregenerateabody.“Astheseparatedbodyisoftenactiveformonths,wemaybeabletostudythemechanismandfunctionsofkleptoplastyusinglivingorgans,tissues,orevencells,”SayakaMitohsaid.“Suchstudiesarealmostcompletelylacking,asmoststudiesonkleptoplastyintheseanimalsaredoneeitheratthegeneticorindividuallevels.”WhatsurprisedSayakaMitohandhercolleagues?Theseaslugcouldregrowanewbody.Theseaslugcouldsurvivewithoutorgans.Theseaslugcouldremoveitsownhead.Theheadlessseaslugcouldgrowanewhead.Whathappenedtoolderseaslugsaftertheylosttheirheads?Theirheadssurvivedbyeatingalgae.Theyhealedthewoundwithintendays.Theylosttheirsenseoftouchanddiedsoon.Theirbodieskeptmovingaroundforsometime.Whatmaymakeseaslugsdroptheirheadsaccordingtoresearchers?Togetridofparasites.Toendtheirreproductivecycle.Togeneratenewstemcells.Togetawayfrompredators.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?Theprocessofseaslugshuntingforfood.Theimportanceofstudyingfunctionsofkleptoplasty.Theconditionforseaslugstoperformphotosynthesis.Thereasonforseaslugstosurvivethelossoftheirbodies.【參考答案】1-4ADAD【單詞】crayfishn.淡水螯蝦2.child'splayn.輕而易舉的事regeneratev.再生4.promptv.促使；導(dǎo)致Thethoughtofherdaughter'sweddingdaypromptedhertolosesomeweight.對女兒婚期的操心使她消瘦了不少chloroplastn.葉綠體6.lackingadj.缺乏的；沒有的Shefeltnervous,increasinglylackinginconfidenceaboutherself.她感到緊張，對自己越來越缺乏信心。【短語】castsomethingoff拋棄；丟棄Thetownisstilltryingtocastoffitsdullimage.該鎮(zhèn)仍在努力改變自己的單調(diào)形象?！局R拓展】1.NaraWomen'sUniversity奈良女子大學(xué)，簡稱為奈良女，是日本一所知名的國立大學(xué)。該校和日本關(guān)東的御茶水女子大學(xué)被稱作日本女子大學(xué)雙壁，在日本國內(nèi)有著非常高的口碑和知名度。stemcell干細胞是原始且未特化的細胞，它是未充分分化、具有再生各種組織器官的潛在功能的一類細胞干細胞存在所有多細胞組織里，能經(jīng)由有絲分裂與分化來分裂成多種的特化細胞，而且可以利用自我更新來提供更多干細胞。kleptoplasty盜食質(zhì)體是指生物從食物中提取葉綠體并將其合并到自身細胞中的行為。能夠進行盜食質(zhì)體的生物通常以藻類或水生植物為食，它們利用食物中的葉綠體進行光合作用來為自身提供能量。語篇導(dǎo)讀：以色列“人造牛奶”如果有人端上一杯牛奶，并告訴您，這和奶牛無關(guān)，是實驗室“造”出來的，您會是什么反應(yīng)？沒錯，繼人造肉之后，人造牛奶也閃亮登場了。據(jù)說，人造牛奶在口味上和普通牛奶無異，不僅更加健康，而且能帶來更多的環(huán)境效益。接下來就看看以色列Remilk公司的人造牛奶是怎么回事吧。閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。Aspeoplearebecomingmoresociallyconsciousaboutwheretheirfoodcomesfromandhowitimpactstheplanet,theyarechoosinganimal-freeplant-basedoptions.Cow-freemeathasbeenaroundforquitesometimeandthepopularityofbrandslikeBeyondMeatandcultivatedmeatfromAlephFarmsandothersaresoaring.Whiletherearealargenumberofplant-basedmilksubstitutes,noneofthemhavethesametasteofcow'smilk.Now,anIsraelifood-techstartupRemilkcreatedrealdairyproductswithoutharmingasinglecowortheplanet.ThecompanystressesthattheirproductRemilkisnotamilksubstitutebutratheristherealdeal.Madefromaspecialprocesscalledmicrobialfermentation（微生物發(fā)酵）,milkismanufacturedinalabinsteadofinacow.Andtheendproductisveryhealthy.“Inaverysimpleway,wetakethegenethatencode（s編碼）forthemilkprotein,”saidAvivWolff,CEOofRemilk.“Thegenefunctionsasaninstructionbookfortheproductionoftheproteinitencodes.Andso,weinsertthegeneintoamicrobethatwe'vedevelopedanditinstructsourmicrobetoproducethespecificproteininaveryefficientway.”Thecompanysaysthatthelab-producedmilktastesidenticaltotherealthingandtheyhopetoeventuallyreplacecowsbycreatingeverydairyproductsold.Theyexpecttorolloutplant-basedcheeseandyogurtinadditiontomilk.“Remilkwasfoundedwiththemissiontostopusinganimalstoproduceourfoodbecause,asdairylovers,werealizethatgivinguponmilkisnotanoption,”Wolffsaid.“Buttoday'smilkcomeswithanunreasonablepricetag.Thedairyindustryisdestructivetoourplanet,ourhealth,andouranimals,andissimplynotsustainableanymore.”Theenvironmentalpricetagofdairyfarmingiswaytoohigh.AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,dairycowsaddahugeamountofgreenhousegassestotheatmosphereandcontributetoglobalwarmingandclimatechangeaswellasfoultheairaroundthem.Dairyoperationsconsumelargeamountsofwaterandrun-offofmanure（糞肥）andfertilizersfromthesefarmsgetintolocalwaterways.TheproductionofRemilkusesonly5percentoftheresourcesandproducesonly1percentofthewasteofproducingcow'smilkaccordingtothecompany.Andtheyaccomplishthisbybeing100percentcruelty-freeunlikedairyfarms.WhatdistinguishesRemilkfromothermilksubstitutes?Itenjoysbroadpopularity.Ithasthehighestoutput.Itcomesinvariousflavours.Ittastesthesameascow'smilk.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?TheproductionofRemilk.ThenutritionalvalueofRemilk.Theroleofgeneinmakingprotein.Theprocessofmicrobialfermentation.WhatcanweknowfromWolff'swordsinparagraph3?Remilkwassetupforanimalprotection.Dairyindustriesshouldbeshutdown.Remilkaimstoproduceanimal-freefood.Pricesofcow'smilkaresoaringthesedays.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“foul”probablymeaninthelastparagraph?Clean.Heat.Pollute.Consume.【參考答案】1-4DACC【單詞】startupn.新創(chuàng)辦的小公司endproductn.制成品microben.微生物pricetagn.標價5.wayadv.非常6.run-offn.地表徑流【短語】rollout正式推出（新產(chǎn)品）ThenewmodelistoberolledoutinJuly.這種新型號將在七月份推向市場?！局R拓展】BeyondMeatBeyondMeat成立于2009年，總部位于美國。這家以素食漢堡聞名的公司通過專利技術(shù)和植物產(chǎn)品來生產(chǎn)人造肉，其創(chuàng)業(yè)理念是“肉類不必源自動物，卻同樣富含營養(yǎng)”。AlephFarmsAlephFarms是一家無屠宰肉類供應(yīng)商的食品公司。該公司在培養(yǎng)肉領(lǐng)域開辟了一條新道路，即用牛的細胞培育出美味的、真正的牛排，而不以傷害動物和破壞環(huán)境為代價。RemilkRemilk是一家成立于2019年的食品科技公司。該公司采用微生物發(fā)酵技術(shù)生產(chǎn)牛奶蛋白，從而制造出安全、美味、與牛奶完全相同、不傷害一頭奶牛的真正牛奶。WorldWildlifeFund（WWF）世界自然基金會于1961年成立，總部位于瑞士格朗。它是在全球享有盛譽的、最大的獨立性非政府環(huán)境保護組織之一，致力于保護世界生物多樣性及生物的生存環(huán)境，減少人類對這些生物及其生存環(huán)境的影響。（三）語篇導(dǎo)讀：微型工廠將電子垃圾變廢為寶近年來，隨著科技發(fā)展日新月異，電子產(chǎn)品的更新?lián)Q代頻率不斷加快，導(dǎo)致電子垃圾與日俱增，嚴重威脅著生態(tài)環(huán)境和人類健康。預(yù)計到2050年，全球每年產(chǎn)生的電子垃圾總量將增至1.2億噸。在享受科技發(fā)展紅利的同時，我們應(yīng)該如何正確處理這些數(shù)量龐大的電子垃圾呢？閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。Notallwastehastogotowaste.Mostoftheworld's2.22billiontonsofannualtrashendsupinlandfillsoropendumps.VeenaSahajwalla,amaterialsscientistandengineerattheUniversityofNewSouthWalesinSydney,Australia,hascreatedasolutiontoourmassivetrashproblem:wastemicrofactories.Theselittletrashprocessors（處理器）一someassmallas500squarefeet—houseaseriesofmachinesthatrecyclewasteandtransformitintonewmaterialswiththermaltechnology.Thenewall-in-oneapproachcouldleaveourcurrentrecyclingprocessesinthedust.Sahajwallalaunchedtheworld'sfirstwastemicrofactorytargetingelectronicwaste,ore-waste,in2018inSydney.Asecondonebeganrecyclingplasticsin2019.Now,herlabgroupisworkingwithuniversityandindustrypartnerstocommercializetheirpatentedMicrofactorytechnology.“Thesmallscaleofthemachineswillmakeiteasierforthemtoonedayoperateonrenewableenergy,unlikemostlargemanufacturingplants.Theapproachwillalsoallowcitiestorecyclewasteintonewproductsonlocation,avoidingthelong,ofteninternational,high-emissionjourneysbetweenrecyclingprocessorsandmanufacturingplants.Withamicrofactory,gonearethedaysofneedingseparatefacilitiestocollectandstorematerials,extract(提取)elementsandproducenewproducts,”saysSahajwalla.Traditionally,recyclingplantsbreakdownmaterialsforreuseinsimilarproducts—likemeltingdownplastictomakemoreplasticthings.Sahajwalla'sinventionevolvesthisideabytakingmaterialsfromanoldproductandcreatingsomethingdifferent.“Thekidsdon'tlookliketheparents,”shesays.Forexample,themicrofactoriescanbreakdownoldsmartphonesandcomputermonitorsandextractsilica(fromtheglass)andcarbon(fromtheplasticcasing),andthencombinethemintosiliconcarbidenanowire(s碳化硅納米線).Thisgeneratesacommonceramicmaterialwithmanyindustrialuses.Sahajwallareferstothisprocessas“thefourthR,”adding“re-form”tothecommonphrase“reduce,reuse,recycle”.In2019,just17.4percentofe-wastewasrecycled,sotheabilitytore-formoffersacrucialnewdevelopmentinthechallengeofrecyclingcomplexelectronicdevices.“Wecandosomuchmorewithmaterials,”saysSahajwalla.“Traditionalrecyclinghasnotworkedforeveryrecyclingchallenge.”SheandherteamarealreadyworkingtoinstallthenextwastemicrofactoryintheAustraliantownofCootamundrabyearly2021,withthegoalofexpandingaroundthecountryoverthenextfewyears.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?Topresenttheprocessofrecyclingwaste.Tointroduceanewtypeoftrashprocessor.Toprovetheseriousnessofthetrashproblem.Toshowthecurrentsituationoftrashrecycling.WhatareSahajwalla'swordsinparagraph2mainlyabout?Thescaleofwastemicrofactories.Thefoundingofwastemicrofactories.Theinfluencesofwastemicrofactories.Theadvantagesofwastemicrofactories.Whatdoes“re-form”refertoaccordingtoSahajwalla?Extractingmaterialsfromthewaste.Updatingthewholerecyclingprocess.Generatingnewmaterialswithwaste.Transformingwasteintosimilarproducts.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?Abusinessreport.Asciencemagazine.Achemicaltextbook.Afictionnovel.【參考答案】1-4BDCB【單詞】1.dumpn.垃圾場2.thermaladj.熱量的3.all-in-oneadj.多功能的；幾合一的anall-in-oneshampooandconditioner二合一洗發(fā)護發(fā)劑4.emissionn.排放；排放物5.silican.二氧化硅6.casingn.盒；罩7.ceramicadj.陶瓷的【短語】asolutionto……的解決方法hedust遠遠超過【知識拓展】UniversityofNewSouthWales（UNSW）新南威爾士大學(xué)創(chuàng)立于1949年，主校區(qū)坐落于澳大利亞新南威爾士州首府悉尼。它是一所享譽世界的頂尖公立研究型大學(xué)，其工程學(xué)院和商學(xué)院享有盛譽，在工程與計算機領(lǐng)域具有極強實力。Microfactorietechnology該技術(shù)使用各種不同的離散模塊將廢棄材料，如玻璃、紡織品和塑料等，轉(zhuǎn)化為新的增值材料和產(chǎn)品，如為建筑環(huán)境設(shè)計的環(huán)保陶瓷以及用于3D打印的可再生塑料細絲，從而創(chuàng)造新的經(jīng)濟和環(huán)境效益。（四）語篇導(dǎo)讀：汪星人也會吃醋嗎?狗狗素以其嗅覺靈敏、動作敏捷、善解人意、忠于主人而聞名，被稱為“人類最忠實的朋友”，是飼養(yǎng)率最高的寵物，而狗狗似乎也認為自己是人類最好的朋友。研究表明，如果狗狗注意到它們的主人青睞其他犬類，它們可是會醋意大發(fā)呢！閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。Pastsurveyshaveshownthatmorethan80%ofdogownersreportobservingjealousbehaviorfromtheirdogs一vocalizations,disturbedbehavior,pullingonaleash（繩子）一whentheygiveattentiontootherdogs.NewresearchpublishedinthejournalPsychologicalSciencesupportstheseobservationsandfindsthatdogsalsoexhibitjealousbehaviorwhentheymerelyimaginethattheirownerisinteractingwithapotentialrival,inthiscase,ahighlyrealisticartificialdog.Dogsappeartobeoneofthefewspeciesthatmightdisplayjealousbehaviorinwayssimilartoahumanchildshowingjealousywhentheirmothergivesaffectiontoanotherchild.Inhumans,jealousyiscloselylinkedwithself-awareness,whichisonereasonanimal-cognitionresearchersaresointerestedinstudyingjealousyandothersecondaryemotionsinanimals.Totesthowandwhendogsdisplayjealousbehavior,theresearcherspresented18dogswithsituationswheretheycouldimagineasocialinteractionbetweentheirhumancompanionandeitherarealisticfakedogorafleececylinder（圓柱）.Thefakedogservedasapotentialrivalforattentionwhilethecylinderservedasacontrol.Intheexperiment,thedogsobservedthefake-dogrivalpositionednexttotheirowner.Abarrierwasthenplacedbetweenthedogandthepotentialrivalobscuring（使模糊）themfromview.Despiteblockingthelineofsight,thedogsforcefullyattemptedtoreachtheirownerswhentheyappearedtostrokethefakedogbehindthebarrier.Inarepeatexperimentusingafleececylinderratherthanafakedog,thedogspulledontheleashwithfarlessforce.Throughtheirstudy,theresearchersfoundthatdogsshowedthreehuman-likefeaturesofjealousbehavior.Thisbehavioremergedonlywhentheirownerinteractedwithanoticedsocialrivalandnotalifelessobject;occurredasaconsequenceofthatinteractionandnotduetoapotentialrival'smerepresence;andemergedevenforanout-of-sightinteractionbetweentheirownerandasocialrival.“Theseresultssupportclaimsthatdogsdisplayjealousbehavior.Theyalsoprovidethefirstevidencethatdogscanmentallyrepresentjealousy-causingsocialinteractions,”saidtheresearchers.“Butthereisstillplentyofworktodotoestablishtheextentofthesimilaritiesbetweenthemindsofhumansandotheranimals,especiallyintermsofunderstandingthenatureofnonhumananimals'emotionalexperiences.Itistooearlytosaywhetherdogsexperiencejealousyaswedo,butitisnowclearthattheyreacttojealousy-causingsituations,eveniftheseoccuroutofsight.”Whatisthepurposeofparagraph2?Toshowtheresultsofpreviousstudies.Toprovidebackgroundfortheresearch.Topresentthelinkbetweenhumansandanimals.Tointroducesomeconce