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#實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告課程名稱(chēng):計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)實(shí)踐實(shí)驗(yàn)名稱(chēng):RIP和OSPF路由協(xié)議的配置及協(xié)議流程姓名:苑博學(xué)號(hào):08211575/06指導(dǎo)教師:張海旸實(shí)驗(yàn)日期:2011年4月15日實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告日期:2011年4月26日目錄TOC\o"1-5"\h\z一、環(huán)境3二、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?三、實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容3四、實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟41、繪制網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)?(1)網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)鋱D4(2).net文件42、啟動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境63、配置路由器和主機(jī)(路由器模擬)各端口的IP地址64、RIP路由協(xié)議配置及流程6(1)配置命令簡(jiǎn)介6路由器向外發(fā)送RIP包.7路由器接收RIP包8距離矢量算法8水平分割法測(cè)試105、OSPF路由協(xié)議配置及流程12配置命令簡(jiǎn)介12利用Debugipospfevents分析OSPF12將所有路由器配上OSPF13OSPF檢查鄰機(jī)故障14debugipospfneighbor命令的使用15五、實(shí)驗(yàn)中的問(wèn)題及心得151、Dynamips服務(wù)器自動(dòng)關(guān)閉即CPU占用率100%的問(wèn)題152、OSPF端口信息配置錯(cuò)誤163、RIP無(wú)法解決三角環(huán)路問(wèn)題17六、實(shí)驗(yàn)思考18一、環(huán)境?操作系統(tǒng):windowsxp?網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺(tái):宿舍有線局域網(wǎng)(校園網(wǎng))?實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)機(jī)器IP地址:03二、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康耐ㄟ^(guò)自己建立網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),并分別賦予路由器RIP和OSPF協(xié)議。通過(guò)兩協(xié)議完成路由器IP地址表的自動(dòng)配置。通過(guò)DEBUG命令觀察協(xié)議實(shí)現(xiàn)的過(guò)程并作出相應(yīng)分析,通過(guò)Shutdown某些路由器觀察路由器重新獲取信息的方式并作出相應(yīng)分析和比較。本實(shí)驗(yàn)旨在讓我們了解RIP和OSPF在獲取路由表時(shí)的工作原理,熟悉Dynamips模擬器關(guān)于這方面的使用方法。三、實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容在上一次實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上實(shí)現(xiàn)RIP和OSPF路由協(xié)議?自己設(shè)計(jì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)物理拓?fù)浜瓦壿嬀W(wǎng)段,并在其上實(shí)現(xiàn)RIP和OSPF協(xié)議?通過(guò)debug信息詳細(xì)描述RIP和OSPF協(xié)議的工作過(guò)程。RIP協(xié)議中觀察沒(méi)有配置水平分割和配置水平分割后協(xié)議的工作流程;
?OSPF中需要思考為什么配置完成后看不到路由信息的交互?如何解決?四、實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1、繪制網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)?.00.22&SJJ.D.D255,0.0,0BuD.OJ!256.0.0.C.0b1/21&.00JEQ2255.0^.n[I5.Q.0.28.0J3J,0.0.01.0O-.l2.UDJ255.I0.0fOi'OPC14*^2255-Ofl?鼠Q0J255.0.Q.OI<9.00.2255Q.O.D30.013.C-D.225&.0Q.Q9.03.00.22&SJJ.D.D255,0.0,0BuD.OJ!256.0.0.C.0b1/21&.00JEQ2255.0^.n[I5.Q.0.28.0J3J,0.0.01.0O-.l2.UDJ255.I0.0fOi'OPC14*^2255-Ofl?鼠Q0J255.0.Q.OI<9.00.2255Q.O.D30.013.C-D.225&.0Q.Q9.00.0.0“2時(shí)10.D.E2&5A0.0SWD.C.214.OLD.214.0.Z5&.O.O.Q2).net文件autostart=false[localhost]port=7200udp=10000workingdir=..\tmp\[[routerR1]]image=..\ios\unzip-c7200-is-mz.122-37.binmodel=7200console=5001npe=npe-400ram=64confreg=0x2102exec_area=64mmap=falseslot0=PA-C7200-IO-FEslot1=PA-4Ts1/0=R3s1/0s1/1=R2s1/0s1/2=R4s1/0s1/3=R6s1/1[[routerR2]]image
=..\ios\unzip-c7200-is-mz.122-37.binmodel=7200console=5002npe=npe-400ram=64confreg=0x2102exec_area=64mmap=falseslot0=PA-C7200-IO-FEslot1=PA-4Ts1/1=R5s1/0s1/2=R4s1/1s1/3=R6s1/0[[routerR3]]image=..\ios\unzip-c7200-is-mz.122-37.binmodel=7200console=5003npe=npe-400ram=64confreg=0x2102exec_area=64mmap=falseslot0=PA-C7200-IO-FEslot1=PA-4Tf0/0=PC1f0/0[[routerR4]]image=..\ios\unzip-c7200-is-mz.122-37.binmodel=7200console=5004npe=npe-400ram=64confreg=0x2102exec_area=64mmap=falseslot0=PA-C7200-IO-FEslot1=PA-8Ts1/2=R5s1/1s1/3=R8s1/0s1/4=R6s1/2[[routerR5]]image=..\ios\unzip-c7200-is-mz.122-37.binmodel=7200console=5005npe=npe-400ram=64confreg=0x2102exec_area=64mmap=falseslot0=PA-C7200-IO-FEslot1=PA-4T[[routerR6]]image=..\ios\unzip-c7200-is-mz.122-37.binmodel=7200console=5006npe=npe-400ram=64confreg=0x2102exec_area=64mmap=falseslot0=PA-C7200-IO-FEslot1=PA-8Ts1/3=R8s1/1s1/4=R7s1/0[[routerR7]]image=..\ios\unzip-c7200-is-mz.122-37.binmodel=7200console=5007npe=npe-400ram=64confreg=0x2102exec_area=64mmap=falseslot0=PA-C7200-IO-FEslot1=PA-4Ts1/1=R8s1/2f0/0=PC2f0/0[[routerR8]]image=..\ios\unzip-c7200-is-mz.122-37.binmodel=7200console=5008npe=npe-400ram=64confreg=0x2102exec_area=64mmap=falseslot0=PA-C7200-IO-FEslot1=PA-4T[[routerPC1]]model=2621ram=32image=..\ios\unzip-c2600-i-mz.121-3.T.binmmap=falseconfreg=0x2102console=5009[[routerPC2]]model=2621ram=32image=..\ios\unzip-c2600-i-mz.121-3.T.binmmap=falseconfreg=0x2102console=50102、啟動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境=>listlypeStateSEI'U日?Con^olBFl72k5@lrunninglDcalhGst5720US0017200runninglocalhost:TO0U5B02nz?200runnincrlacalhost=7200E0B3刑72RArunninglocalhost:?200rRH472?@irunning1qcalhost;TO@0500SE67200punninglacalhoet-72005@06E772W0I^unnin^rlocalhDst=720UE0EPF872k5@lrunninglDcalhGst5720U石她PCIcJDtlUrunninglocalhost:TO0U£001resC26AOninninigrlocctlhosts720060023、配置路由器和主機(jī)(路由器模擬)各端口的IP地址利用ipadd、clockrate、encapsulation等命令為各路由器各端口配置信息。賦TelnetLocalhostIjite^faceFastEtheF-net閔加noipaddlPBSS石hutdowndMplexIjites:'faceSep±a11/0ipaddress1a0B0,22S5.B-OBO掃me日餐ulmtionpppnofair—guEucserial「匕苫tart-delfly0clockFate;1152110inteFfaccE^ria11/Iipaddress9.0JB,2JBaB.O歸ri£ap>s;ulatiDijppp-sepiAlrestart-delaj/0€ioelkrate1衛(wèi)52H皈imterfaceSeria11/2ipaddress4.0.B_22SS.R_0_B?ncul^itionpppserialrestlai/0<clockrate1115230Lnte^faceSepia11/3ipacldrees5=0J0.2bB-O?O@me3bpsulationpppserialrisstart^deLay0clockratie1152004、RIP路由協(xié)議配置及流程1)配置命令簡(jiǎn)介?R1l1某路由器下-Conf1進(jìn)入conft權(quán)限下-Routerrip11聲明為該路由器配置RIP協(xié)議-version21RIP協(xié)議版本-network該路由器各端口所在網(wǎng)絡(luò)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)號(hào)-network1-neighbor1■與該路由器直接相連的路由器(2)路由器向外發(fā)送RIP包:'Iclnctlocalhofft0505G5G5G5656565ffiRlP:feuildupdfltcentries3via刪価価価../3via@.0.@.@..5■目■目■#:1鈕矽■矽■矽■矽.nctric1Ptag0nctpic1Ptag-@RIP-RIP:RIP:RIP:sondingv2updla-ccto221?0?0■引buildu|pdlateentriesB.B.B/8B.B-B/8send.ing-u2vis@a0.@a@^iFtet^icvis@a0.@a@^iFtet^icuia0.0.B.0,iFtethicupdldiit:^to22-4.0J0.i>tagf0i>tagf01,tag0uidSerial11/2RIP:MIPSQbuiIdupdid七uentr-iiKHB/BB/Bsendingv2uisiMi.Mi.Mi.Mitrietrievia£LO?tLiELnctricvia£LO?tLiELnctricupdateto224b0jBb^1,tasr?1rtag01rtag0uia5criall/3G5G5G5G5buildentriesvianctpiicvianctpiicvianctpiicRIP:RIP:B.B.B/8B.B.B/8esndin^v2builduipdl-ateentrieslu0.0Bg|/Ssendingu2upd-ateto3a0.0-1'uiaSeii?iali/i<3.0.0B2>vi-a:@L@L@L@UcFtetpic1^.tag0uisinetric1,tagr0uisi0.0.B.0,netric1,tagr關(guān)uj]亦t:吧to5.0J0_1miaSei-iali/3C>/BviflB.iEJi.B.B.netric1rtag0/BviflB.iEJi.B.B.netric1rtag0viflB.iEJi.B.B.netric1rtag0nip:Bondingv2updateto4?via<4nip:buildupdlateentriesG5l.B.B.B/Svia^notrieIptag0G53.B.B.B/Svia>notrieIj-tagr05_0_0_0/8ui-a0.S.8.0>?tpiictag0RIP:eendlnaundateto±a0.0.1uiaSeB*iali/0RJP:builduipd-ateentries3_0_0_0/Svia,Tietric1,t&sr關(guān)4.a.a.B/evia,Tietric1,t&sr關(guān)E.a.a.B/evia,lietric1,t&sr關(guān)RIP:sendingv2updAt^to224b0J0b'9uia8eriall/0RIP:feniIdujpdfltcentries/8viAraetric1rtag0/8viAraetric1rtag0145.B.B.B/Svia^nDtifci^Iptag014RIF:EBnding-v2updl^itcto224.9.9.^uia.Gb14RIF:buildentries<)RIP:RIP:QbuiIdupdl^i七e-e-ntr-iiKH(以R1為例)為R1配置完RIP協(xié)議后輸入debugiprip查看R1接發(fā)RIP包的情況。由于只有R1配置了RIP協(xié)議所以現(xiàn)在R1只是單純地發(fā)包。方框中是R1建立的距離矢量路由表信息,第一列是其所能到達(dá)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)的IP地址via后面的IP地址為下一條地址,由于RIP協(xié)議中只是相鄰路由器間交換信息,所以下一跳地址是沒(méi)有意義的,故在生成過(guò)程中置為;metric是路徑度量變量,即到達(dá)目的地址的跳數(shù);tag是標(biāo)簽信息。語(yǔ)義解釋?zhuān)喊焉傻腞IP包通過(guò)某一串口送到鄰居路由器。(3)路由器接收RIP包將與R1相連的路由器R2配置完RIP協(xié)議后R2便可以收到R1發(fā)來(lái)的RIP包了,如下圖所示:00:40:42:B0:4000:40:42:B0:40:42:00:40:42:RIP:receiuedu2updatefromonSeriall/0/8via0.0-0-0in1hops/8uiain1hops5-0-0-0/8viain1hoios&Q-4Q-42-RIP:receiuedu2updatefrononSeriall/000:40:42:1-0-0-0/8uiaB-0-0-0in1Iwiom00:40:42:/8uiaQ.Q.Q.Qin1hops&Q-40-42-/8uiain1hops語(yǔ)義解釋?zhuān)簭腟1/0端口收到端口發(fā)來(lái)的RIP協(xié)議包,協(xié)議包信息為:到網(wǎng)絡(luò)需要一跳便可以到達(dá)。4)距離矢量算法以R1為例說(shuō)明:91:143201:143201:143201:1432Bl:91:143201:143201:143201:1432Bl:14320i:i422Bl:1432Bl:143231:14326..0..0-0/8uia0..0_0.BIn1liops7..0..0..0/8uia0..0..0.0In1liopsa..0..0..0/8uia3..3..0.0in1hops9..0..0..0/8uia0..0..0.6in2liopsHIP:receiuedu2updatefromonSeriall/I10-0-0-0/eulaQ-Q-Q.Qin2Lops^6viaQ.Q.S.Sin2Jwps/8viain/8uia0.0.B.Bin2hopsR3-R191:151891:151831:151831:1518Bl:151801:151891:151891:151801:1518&.9.9.9/Suiain2hops/8viain1hopsS.0.0.0/Sviain2hops/Sviain1hopsRIP:peceiuedu2updatefrom4-0-0-1onSeriall/2ia.a.a.a/8viain1hopsli.a.a.a/suiain1hopslz.a.a.a/suiain2hops/Suiain2hopsRPRl)1:10:16RIP;buildupdateentries)1:10:/Suia0-0-0-0亠metric1,tag011:10:/8uia0-0-0-叫metric2,tag011:ia:lG/8uia0-0-0-叫metric1,tag011:19:1G/Suia0_0_0_0,.metric1,tag011:10:1G&.0.0.0/Suia0-0-回-叫metric2rtag07.O.O.0^8via,metric2,tag0)1:19:/8uia,metric2rtag091:10:1610.0.0_0/Suia0_0_0_0,metric2,tag0Sl:10:16RIP:sendingu2updateto3001uiaSeriall/1<3.S.S.2^)
由上面三張圖可以看出,R1從R3收到RIP包告知其經(jīng)由R3到網(wǎng)絡(luò)需要2跳;R1從R4收到RIP包告知其經(jīng)由R4到
網(wǎng)絡(luò)需要1跳;而由圖三可以看出R1到R3、R4的跳數(shù)均為1,所以R1到網(wǎng)絡(luò)的數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)該通過(guò)R4到達(dá)網(wǎng),跳數(shù)為2。以上就是RIP協(xié)議的具體實(shí)現(xiàn)。下圖為R1的路由表:A/Sisuariablysuhnetted^2subnets,2masks/32isdirectlyconnected^.GepiA1170/8isdirectlyconnected,Sepi-a1170
/SL120/11uia1_0_0_1,SeriAll//84c
cc
c.0.0.0/./8RR.0.0.0/S7isvariablysubnettedj.2subnets,2masks1/32isdirec七lyconnected^.Sei'ia11/10/8isdii?ec七lyconnectedj.Seria11/1isvariablysubnettedj.2subnets,2masks0/8isdii?ec七I*connected,Seria11/21/32isdirectlyconnected,Sei'ia11/2isvariablysubnetted,.0.0.0/84c
cc
c.0.0.0/./8RR.0.0.0/S7isvariablysubnettedj.2subnets,2masks1/32isdirec七lyconnected^.Sei'ia11/10/8isdii?ec七lyconnectedj.Seria11/1isvariablysubnettedj.2subnets,2masks0/8isdii?ec七I*connected,Seria11/21/32isdirectlyconnected,Sei'ia11/2isvariablysubnetted,2subne七:s”2masks1/32isdirectlyconnected,Sei'ia11/30/8isdirectlyconnected,Serla11//S.0.0.0/S[120/11via,[120/11via,[120/11via,[120/11via,[120/11via,000000000000:04,00:04,00:06,00:04,00:15,Seri*ll/1Seri*ll/1Seri-all/2Seri*ll/1Seri-all/3路由表最前面的R代表是由RIP協(xié)議產(chǎn)生的。由表可以看出,RIP協(xié)議產(chǎn)生的路由均為最短路由。uia00■1■RRRR/8/8/8/8/8/8[128/1Jvia4?0.0.1,w[128/1Jvia4?0.0.1,w[128/1Jvia5?0.0.1,w[120/1Juia5.0.0-1,w[120/1Juia5.0.0-1,W[120/2Juia5.0.0-1,W[120/2Juia4.0.0-1,W[120/2Juia5.0.0-1,W06:66,Seriall/206:66,Seriall/206:15,Seriall/3SB:15,Seriall/3SB:15,Seriall/3SB:15,Seriall/3BB:B6,Seriall/2SB:15,Seriall/3用兩臺(tái)模擬PC進(jìn)行測(cè)試,結(jié)果顯示該網(wǎng)絡(luò)工作正常:^Clltpinsrypeescapesequencetoabort_Sending5,100—b_yt=eICMPEchosto15.0-0.1,tineoiLtis2seconds:Success七呂is100pei'cen七(5/5Z>,t'ound—七ripnin/aug/riax=16/44/100ns
5)水平分割法測(cè)試在控制臺(tái)下將R1停止(stopR1),觀察R2的RIPdebug信息的變化情況:netriciietrlc:.9.0.B.0,B_n.s.n,B.0Pa.叫B.0PmpdAtefi^onE??netriciietrlc:.9.0.B.0,B_n.s.n,B.0Pa.叫B.0PmpdAtefi^onE??1_B3:14:2£KLUAJjfi33=14=26伽S33333:14-2733:14:27J3:14:Z4:1-fl.fl.nxRuia33:14=24:2-S.9.GZBvia:i3:14:24:3_S.0_0/BulaJi3:14sS斗匚4R.Al.fizRui.Hiuinula.lplaon11/133:14-2733sl4:28)3=14=28rece309」和乩熬BinIE比竹肛弓_麗熬昨f宕噲峠ir?cci^cd#2LipdcKtefron£i.0.6.1onSericLll/13_0_0_0Z8ula.il-lflixii1&hopsCiinacc尸社匚eiuiedu2updatefrononSerin11/21.W.U.H/Suiau.u.u.kiin1&Jiops2.e.e.e/8viae.s.e.ein16liiup^3.u.ii.ti/a心U.U.U.Uin16hops斗.R.n.n/sviafl-A.n.Rtn16hops1ulaa.a.B.sin1&ImpsCinaccessihle>2.0-8.e/8vida.B.e.ein16liup^■CinaGGiesEiblt>3jELIkUZSuiain1&hopsCinaccessible>/8vida.a.e.einlfi]訕曲CinacciffSEible>€ineggt?寫(xiě)方ible><inaccs3sible><inaccessible>recei>/edu2updatefron7.3.S.1onScr-irill/2i.R.n.R/slafl.A.n.RInIfihops<inaccessible>/8viain1£]1O廬<inaccessible>uia.B.B.B.Sin13bmpsCinaccessible>/8viainIthopsCinaccessible》RJM.HM7SLli耳Hl?hHM~|斤"hnjn£:-C-inar?*h:kihlfii面我們將R1各端口的水平分割協(xié)議去掉(在端口權(quán)限下使用命令noipsplit-horizon),然后將R1down掉,觀察R2的RIP包信息。
EIP:mceiuedlu2updatefpam7=U-EhlonSepia11X2A3:43:06=1=0b0-0/8uIa9b0.0.Bil8}opsB3:43:0C:/8via3.0.@?0ii9]□psB3:43;06:uia0_0J0_H±i8>□ps03:43-06=BIP:recseiviedv2updatiefrom7.0.0?icmSericili/2B3:43:S6:1.U.0.B/Swia9-8-Q-BiiS}DpSB3:43:Q6:2_B.0.0/8uia0_0_0_0ii9>□pitB3:43:66:/8via3.0.@?0iiB1DPSWJ:43:@7:EIP:raceiuedlu2updatefpam6.U.0]=.lonSepiiillZl03=43=07=1.fl.A.flXRuidH-fl.A.nil9}□JJiS03=43=07=3.S.B.0/8via3.0.S.0ii10JiopsQ3:43:S7:B.fl.B.H/Suiai3_0?0?flii9}□ps83:43:07=4.6.vici0.8.B.8ii16hops:CirADC>B3:43:Q7:5.U.3.Q/8wia9.8.@.0iiIthepsCinaccessible>03:43=07=9.fi.fl.n/Ra"H-H.R.FIil1}ops03=43=07:IS?8.0.0/8viaB.9.6.9:,n2Jicps03=43=07=11.0_U.0Z8uia臥?4.0:m2hep住03=43=07=1uiniinR.n.fi0im3tops83:43:S7:SIP:weexvedv2updatefrom£.0?0.1on£eria11^1B3:43:0?:1_B.0.0/8uia0_0_0_0ii9>□pjt03:43:0?:2.6.vici3.0.B-0ii18hops03=43:07=3&^.0=.0/8hiI-el0bQS?Bii9}□ps03=43=07=4.fl.A.flXRuidH-fl.A.nil16tapsClraccesslble>03=43=07=5.S.B.0/8via3.0.S.0iiIthepsCznaDccssiblc>WS=43=@7:^ftU.0H0/Svia0B0J0HO±i1f□psI3IIJI3I3I3I3I3白白ILJliJl3l3l3l3l3aa心心3I3I3I3I3日00利利科科日日日日日科科科科MRIP:RIP:RIP:RIP=RIP=RIP;RIP:MPt怕d343434343434343-13-1343434343434343-13-13M43434343RIP::received¥茗嘰from1Bi0i/?via0?.0?.0r0inS-6.0/8via9.0.0?@iniS-0.0/8via9.0.0?@iniEIP=sfecelyedy2Lip^dataf3pofi1^0^0afil>-8yia0.0.0H0in2-.fl/8uiiain3丄丄?他曲*:L豪緘Q.Q.0insendingf1-blshupda七?buildflaahniipd'Oteentrivia0.3.3.B.wiaB.0.0.@PwiaB.0.0.@Pfla^hupdatee.0.ez?e.o.ez?^endlinsrv2buildLiptlataentri^endlin<|y2flashupdatehuiIdlfupdate亡irtfi禮乩缶創(chuàng)嗨sendingv2uift0.3.3.B.uift0.3.3.B.flashupdatebuildfl-ashLLpdat:oontri1-0-0.G/8uia,.2,@.@b6^8-uiaB.0.0_0^3m0mSLSu譜Mila-Small/ZSei^iall/211tliops:D224.a.G.Suisr3ictric12^tag0ictricJL3*tag-9ictric12tag-9ro224a0.E再u(mài)ia-Eilpp上日耐土ng:o224a0-E再u(mài)ialietr-iic1?,tiag-0ictric13.tag0ictric13Ltag0;oU.0.U.1uiaEisictric12^tiff0wtFic13,till0wtFic12?nullupdateSepial±z3<6.0.@?.2>由左邊一系列的圖片可以看出,當(dāng)去掉R1各端口的水平分割協(xié)議后,R2檢測(cè)到R1down掉的信息明顯變慢,它通過(guò)不斷獲取其他路由器到達(dá)R1的跳數(shù)來(lái)更新自己到達(dá)R1的跳數(shù)。經(jīng)過(guò)多次迭代,最終R2到達(dá)R1的跳數(shù)變?yōu)?6,即檢測(cè)到R1不可達(dá)。實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中可以明顯體會(huì)到刪除水平分割協(xié)議后最終RIP包信息穩(wěn)定需要較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。)3=50-30=BIPsbuildfl?slhupdateentrirs—B3;513;3D;i.0?@.OZ8wia??O-0-B.raetpic1廠1rtUR2_0B@^0Z?wia0^O_0^0^metric込1ajj0陽(yáng)=50叮眸3.0?0.0Z£!wia乩尅■肌孔metric15,1㈣a93:59:3O:JUP:sendingv2flashupdatefto6?00.1?inScriall/lCG.U.S.S)33=50-30-BIPshoiIdflaslhupdatigentries掃活阮30;1.0_0_0Z8wia0-B,metric15,1rfyR33-59-30-2.0B@0Z?via0^0.0.0^met>ic込1ag0i3:SS"3Bsvia毆尅■肌ILmetric15.iaSTW03:02:03:51=02;93^51=02:03=51=02=03=51=02=W3=51=02:eenIzi*les:build,updat:ZZZ84.S.B.S/85-O.tl.tJZSRIP0000■■■■080s■■■■0000via03-51-62-03=02二03=51=02:03=51=02=B3:51:Q2:03-51-02-03:51:W2:03:02二8_O_O_OZ8u±a10_0=0=0Z8ul/8vi12.0.B.0Z8vi^8ui14_W?WZ8ui15_0_?_0Z8uiRIP:iTiRti*±C1,metric2nieti'lc2metric2metric2meti'ic3metric316161G16160000F0000--S-0-M00--!一-0000"-!一-0000ami0000■a-0000■a-0000■a-0000buildupdatecn^r-ics7.B.0.0Z8via0.S-0.0.netric1,tag08.0=0,0Z8ula0.0_0B0.metric1-tag010=0a0=0ZHZ80.0-0Z80.0-0Z814.EI.EI.EI/815=0a0=0ZHuiaviavirtulaulauia0=0a0a0^,,.HLBLELEI.0=0a0a0^met:i'ic2tmeti*ic2-t□日nifetriic2,七agrmetrie2.tzagmetric3.tagmeti'ic3,tQ00000當(dāng)R2檢測(cè)到R1down掉后便不再向鄰居發(fā)送到達(dá)R1的信息。5、OSPF路由協(xié)議配置及流程1)配置命令簡(jiǎn)介?R1?Conf-Routerospf10聲明為路由器配置OSPF協(xié)議-Networkarea0與路由器直連的網(wǎng)絡(luò)號(hào)、子網(wǎng)掩碼以及路由器所-Networkarea0屬的區(qū)域(本次實(shí)驗(yàn)任務(wù)所有路由器都輸入冋一個(gè)區(qū)域)-Networkarea0(輸入完network命令后相應(yīng)端口被啟動(dòng))-Interfaces1/1進(jìn)入具體某一個(gè)端口-Ipospfhello-interval5某一端口發(fā)送hello包的時(shí)間間隔-Ipospfdead-interval20某一端口任務(wù)鄰居down機(jī)得間隔(2)利用Debugipospfevents分析OSPF為不使debug信息過(guò)多導(dǎo)致分析的困難,本小節(jié)實(shí)驗(yàn)只為R1與R3配置了OSPF。由于R1和R3相連,所以首先將兩路由器配置好OSPF協(xié)議,觀察兩個(gè)路由器間的通信情況:OSPF:B9:47:19:BB:47:ia:n32B9:47:19:OSPF:HtubiEllEfrnm2?0.H.2area囪frramSEriall/H2X砂G6mm.nicfttionto議孔o(hù)nSerinllz@.gtate2WVSendOBDCc2亠氛。盤(pán)on石日pmg厥42flagla信息交互:R1hello>R3EndolF吐ngrR1—DDP—>R3R1<—DDP—R3R1—LSR—>R39.0.2onSe^i^ll/04h^q0x2^1F@x.42flag0x1la向網(wǎng)段中的其他路由器介紹自己,并試圖發(fā)現(xiàn)其他的fmiri1.6x0.1OSPF路由器。0framSeriall/9Ceria11/1i.e.B.i兩臺(tái)OSPF路由器在經(jīng)歷了f?iriSe[piaJJ./0two-way后,將進(jìn)入這個(gè)狀態(tài),framSer'iall/O是一個(gè)信息交換的初始化狀Seriall/H態(tài):它們根據(jù)直連的接口IP選出較大IP那臺(tái)路由器做為主(master)路由器當(dāng)一臺(tái)路由器收到了來(lái)自鄰u交換狀態(tài)(exchange):兩臺(tái)路由器都發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)描述分居的DDP分組,經(jīng)過(guò)比較后OSPFtffcFFIffiFFOSPFSXPF:OSPFiC?IP喚EndleuEnd@9:47=20BB:47:25B0:47:25;IfeuUCUfroiionsbq]flagIsC^nd-^tiAnijzedwxt-h尬ns-tajStFULLFirstI>BPaimwearcnotSLAUEBeuD01Jtrcin1*.B.0.2onEarlall/Osegopu0tx42flag1NEiRBoneH惟arctlicEsndOBDCc2^9.0.2doSeri^M/S^231Eopt0^,42fla^i8x3laBaitahasc?i^ueat-to2\sentLSRE^Rehitto1,li&ngth±2\JkuDBDfri0ra絡(luò)JEL0L唱onSariaJjLZB客晝g期卩出0s42£1農(nóng)曰0k01stat:e^endDn32mtu1500耳卍曰卍巴朗尿TO:4751i:OSPF:^0=47210;幅理mera5Zratul15EJ410347510:OSPFs30:47H3=MPEn5左0HS47S10SO£P(guān)FS09:47:10:mPF:00=47^10!mppsen32ntu.IStIfi09u47sl0i帕FFmn32i£KPF:bh32rrt-u15M陽(yáng)訶hl業(yè)mpps[(KPF:R1<helloR3R1<——LSU——R3R1——LSACK——>R3RcuDOOrfrion2.H?0.2on<opt\區(qū)対掘Elng呂泗1statepfecWIMGES、路由器嘗試發(fā)送Hello分組,B9:47:39O:47:35HH:47:35B9:47:4900:47=49HB;47;45Os47:45lWPFag:4?:5i:mpfqtuheliof?m也氛肌醫(yī)囲於日魂JEndofhie:1ILqproseasingLWcAjiello皿2r9e@B2area/£ndoP*l^Llahe1Its2<BareaoFBasing}iei11df?m2,S^@b2帝片日占o(jì)fhellnpzs:皀:KM》h瓦Hellof器氛@L2aiMqF}陽(yáng)11。eesingbiE110fram2.B.H.2area0frBwofhelloprocessInghellDf?m盤(pán)亠覽@framSea-1^141/0ofh^lldiprae:E3GsinpSetplall/URcuEnd血甘EndIteu£hd組(DDP),并切換到交換狀態(tài)。路由器從鄰居路由器那里收到DDP后,將其同自己的拓?fù)浔磉M(jìn)行比較。DDP里面只包含拓?fù)鋽?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的摘要信息。發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的拓?fù)鋽?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)信息和DDP中包含的摘要信息存在差異,這時(shí)該接收路由器需要更詳細(xì)的信息,它將使用LSR分組請(qǐng)求有關(guān)特定鏈路的詳細(xì)信息。當(dāng)穩(wěn)定后,路由器以之前設(shè)定好的hello-interval間隔發(fā)送hello包。3)將所有路由器配上OSPF完全鄰接(full):當(dāng)A路由器收到來(lái)自B的LSR時(shí),它將返回一種LSU分組(就是指收到LSR分組后發(fā)送的一種LSA分組)。然后B收到該LSU后,將返回一種LSACK(鏈路狀態(tài)確認(rèn))分組。同時(shí)B和A的拓?fù)鋽?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)達(dá)到了同步,此時(shí),鄰居關(guān)系就變成了鄰接狀態(tài)。(loadingtofull)所有路由器句配好OSPF協(xié)議后,待各路由器穩(wěn)定后,將R1的路由表show出來(lái),可以看出其與RIP協(xié)議產(chǎn)生的路由表中的表項(xiàng)(即路由信息)相同,側(cè)面驗(yàn)證了OSPF實(shí)驗(yàn)的正確性:/Sisvariablysubnet<;edT2subnetsr2masks1/32isdirectlyconnected,Seriall/00/8isdirectlyconnected,Seriall/B/S[110/653via1-0-0.1,86:48:43,Seriali/0/Sisvariablysubnet<;edT2subnetsr2masks1/32isdirectlyconnected,Seriall/10/8isdirectlyconnected,Seriall/l/Sisvariablysubnet<;edT2subnetsr2masks/Sisdirectconnected^Seri-all//32isdirectlyconnected,Seri-all//9isvariablysuhnettcd^2苓uhrwts2masks/32isdirectlyconnected,Seri-all//SisdirectI5Fconnected^Seri-all//S/S/8?.a.a.a/sta.a.a.a/Bn.a.a.a/Ba.a.a/sa.a.a/sa.a.a/Bts.a.a.a/BC110/128]C110/128]C110/128]C110/128]C110/128]L110/128][110/1283[110/128/S/S/8?.a.a.a/sta.a.a.a/Bn.a.a.a/Ba.a.a/sa.a.a/sa.a.a/Bts.a.a.a/BC110/128]C110/128]C110/128]C110/128]C110/128]L110/128][110/1283[110/1283[110/1283[110/1283[110/1283[110/192][110/192][110/129]viaviaviaviavia!via1viaviaviaviaviaviaviavia4.Q.O.I.J.4.0.B.1,4.0.B.1,.5.0>B.1.5.0>B.1.5.0>B.1.5.0>B.14.0.B.1,.5.0>B.144,44,44,44,44,66:48:44,60:4860:4860:4860:4860:4860:4860:4860:4844,44,44,44,44,44,44,44,Seriall/1Seriall/1Seriall/2Seriall/1Seriall/3Seriall/2Seriall/2Seriall/2Seriall/3Seriall/3Seriall/3Seriall/3Seriall/2Seriall/34)OSPF檢查鄰機(jī)故障將正在運(yùn)行的R2關(guān)閉(stopR2),在R1的debug信息中觀察到如下?tīng)顟B(tài)的改變:01:31:45:OSPF:01:31:45:01:31:45:OSPF:EndofhelloprocessingjMl:JI:4?:OSPF:tf.H.U.2address3.U.M.lonSeriall/1isdead01:31:47:xDSPF-5-fiDJCHG:01:31:47:”Ng丄ylkburDuvjit:Decidl丄uterexpxreJ.01:31:47:OSPF:RcuB101:31:47:OSPF:RcuB1:^1:47:OSPF:Fnri01:31:49:OSPF:Rcu01:31:49:OSPF:EndhellofromnFht>lInpi'nnfiSRingfhellofronofhelloppocessingrareaareaSfronSfronSeriall/2Seriall/R1發(fā)現(xiàn)鄰機(jī)down掉后,在自己的路由數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中將R2的工作狀態(tài)由FULL變?yōu)榱薉OWN,并且停止向R2發(fā)送hello包。5)debugipospfneighbor命令的使用在R1#權(quán)限下輸入debugipospfneighbor命令后打印出如下信息:R1Itshowipospfneighbor*leighborIDPriStateDeadTimeAddressInterface1FULL/-00:00:Seriall/31FULL/-00:00:Seria11/22.Q.Q.21FULL/-00:00:Seria11/0相鄰ID是鄰接路由器的路由器ID。路由器ID是最高的IP地址或最較高的回環(huán)地址。五、實(shí)驗(yàn)中的問(wèn)題及心得1、Dynamips服務(wù)器自動(dòng)關(guān)閉即CPU占用率100%的問(wèn)題我最開(kāi)始設(shè)計(jì)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)溆?7個(gè)路由器和2臺(tái)主機(jī),但是在控制臺(tái)使用start命令其動(dòng)感路由器的時(shí)候每次都是啟動(dòng)到
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