翻譯資格考試二級(jí)筆譯綜合能力及實(shí)務(wù)真題詳解

#時(shí)間已經(jīng)流逝。在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界里，變化是永無止境的，有一些變化，如月食，只發(fā)生在瞬間，而另一些變化則反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，比如日出和日落。人們一直注意那些反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的自然現(xiàn)象，在人們開始計(jì)算這些現(xiàn)象時(shí)，他們就開始測(cè)定時(shí)間了。2004年5月英語二級(jí)《筆譯綜合能力》試題Section1:VocabularyandGrammar(25points)Thetimeforthissectionis25minutes.Part1VocabularySelectionTheexplanationgivenbythemanageryesterdaywasnotatalltous.satisfyB.satisfiedC.satisfactoryD.satisfyingPartofthefundswillbeusedtothatoldblbrarytoitsoriginalsplendor.restB.recoverC.replaceD.restoreThissilkhasgonerightandwehavenotsoldasinglepieceofitforweeks.outoffadB.outofpatternC.outofcustomD.outoffashionThenewPersonalDigitalAssistancecontainedalarge___ofinformationaboutanindividuallife.dealB.amountC.numberD.accountPrimitivesuperstitionsthatfeedracismshouldbethrougheducation.ignoredB.exaltedC.eradicatedD.canceledpollutioncontrolmeasuresareexpensive,manylocalgovernmentshesitatetoadoptthem.A.AlthoughB.HoweverC.BecauseD.MoreoverThelessthesurfaceofthegroundyieldstotheweightofthebodyofarunner,tothebody.A.thestressitisgreaterB.greateristhestressC.greaterstressisD.thegreaterthestressAnnieJumpCannon,discoveredsomanystarsthatshewascalled—thecensustakerofthesky.||A.aleadingastronomer,B.who,asaleadingastronomer,C.wasaleadingastronomer,D.aleadingastronomerwhoKingdomofWonders,in1995inFremont,Calif.,becameanindustrylegendfortwotoys:atalkingbearandaray-gungame.A.findB.foundC.foundedD.foundingOveraverylargenumberoftrials,theprobabilityofaneventisequaltotheprobabilitythatitwillnotoccur.A.occurringB.tooccurC.occursD.occurTOC\o"1-5"\h\zOnlyone-fifthofAmericanssawoilasthechiefreasonthattheU.S.madeawaronIraq,but75percentoftheFrenchandoftheRussiansbelieved.A.toB.soC.goD.doSadly,whiletheacademicindustrythrives,thepracticeoftranslationcontinuesto.A.stackB.stageC.stagnateD.stampYourblunttreatmentofdisputeswouldputotherpeopleinanegativeframeof,withtheresultthattheywouldnotbeabletoacceptyourproposal.A.mindB.ideaC.intentionD.wishIfyouareanenergeticpersonwithstrongviewsastotherightwayofdoingthings,youfindyourselfunderpressures.A.variablyB.invariablyC.invaluablyD.invalidlyUncleVernon,quiteunlikeHarryPotterwholookednothingliketherestofthefamily,waslarge,veryfat,and,withanenormousblackmustache.A.neck-lessB.neck-laceC.recklessD.rack-lessHometoandgangsters,officialsandlaborers,refugeesandartists,thecitywas,initsprime,ametropolisthatexhibitedallthehuesofthehumancharacter.A.magnatesB.magnetsC.machineD.magnitudesHisbehaviormadeeveryonenervous.Hewasalwaysrushingtoopendoorsandperformothersmalltasks,apologizingunnecessarilyforanyinconveniencethathemighthavecaused.A.obliviousB.observantC.obsequiousD.obsolescentHewascompletelybyhertaleofhardship.A.takenawayB.takendownC.takeninD.takenupAmericanswhoconsiderthemselvesinthetraditionalsensedonotusuallyhesitatetoheapcriticismindomesticmattersoverwhattheybelieveisoppressiveorwasteful.A.pedestrianB.penchantC.patriarchD.patrioticAstechnologicaladvancesputmoreandmoretimebetweenearlyschoollifeandtheyoungperson'sfinalaccesstospecializedwork,thestageofbecomesanevenmoremarkedandconsciousperiod.A.adolescenceB.adjacencyC.advantageD.adventurePart2VocabularyReplacementThatboyissufferingfromunrequitedloveandpinesaway.A.ferventB.obsessiveC.secretD.unreturnedForalongtimeinthatvastregion,thislawwasinabeyance.A.activeuseB.doubtC.discussionD.disuseAcourt-martialhasbutrecentlydecidedtoacquithim.A.declareheisnotguiltyB.upwardlymobileC.excessivelyoverweightD.privatelyeducatedTherearemorepeoplewhoareobesetodaythan20yearsago.A.gainfullyemployedB.upwardlymobileC.excessivelyoverweightD.privatelyeducatedAsaconductor,LeonardBernsteinisfamousforhisintenselyvigorousandexuberantstyle.A.enthusiasticB.nervousC.painfulD.extremeWheninsectsfeedondecayingplantmaterialinacompostpile,theyhelpturnitintousefulgardensoil.A.availableB.organicC.distastefulD.decomposingResearchershavediscoveredthatdolphinsareabletomimichumanspeech.A.importB.imitateC.impairD.humorThedichotomypostulatedbymanybetweenidealismisoneofthestandardclichesoftheongoingdebateoverinternationalaffatrs.A.divisionB.combinationoftwopartsC.disparityD.contradictionAttemptshavebeenmadefornearlythreedecadestoincreasetheamountofprecipitationfromcloudsbyseedingthemwithsaltorsilveriodide.A.DevicesB.HypothesesC.EffortsD.SuggestionsJusticesofthepeacehavejurisdictionoverthetrialsofsomecivilsuitsandofcriminalcasesinvolvingminoroffenses.A.supremacyB.authorityC.guidanceD.obedienceThefeelingofcompetitionamongthestudentsinalltheclassroomswherethetestwasgoingonwasnoticeabletoeveryone.A.discordB.discoveryC.rivalryD.cooperationTheartistspentyearsonhismonumentalpainting,whichcoveredthewholeroofofthechurch,thebiggestinthecountry.A.archaicB.sentimentalC.outstandingD.entireManyoftheelectricandelectronicproductswepurchaseandconsumetodayarewhatsomeindustrialexpertscallhomogeneoustoys.A.identicalB.homosexualC.unrelatedD.distinguishableAnthropologistBarbaraMyerhofffurtheredherreputationasanauthorityonNativeAmericanculturewithherstudyofthesymbols,myths,andritualsoftheHuicholpeople.A.deservedB.retainedC.renewedD.advancedThisreflectstheprioritybeingattachedtoeconomicoverpoliticalactivity,partlycausedbyagrowingreluctancetoenteracallingblightedbyrelentlesspublicitythatalltoooftenendsindestroyingcareersandreputations.A.powerfulnessB.unwillingnessC.renaissanceD.apologeticnessPart3ErrorCorrectionAnepigramisusuallydefinedbeingabrightorwittythoughtthatisterselyandingeniouslyexpressed.A.asB.asbeC.asbeenD.tobeingUponcompletinghisexaminationoverthepatient,thedoctorofferedhisjudgmentofherconditions.A.ofB.offC.aboutD.aroundIftheyspendsometimeonChinesehistory,theywillbemoreabletopredictChinasfuture.A.moreB.ableC.betterD.betterableWhenshereturnedbackbyabroad,shetoldusallaboutherexperienceasanillegalimmigrant.A.byB.backC.fromD.backfromHewaslookingimpatientatthevisitingsalesman,whoshowednosignsofgettingreadytoleave.A.patientB.patienceC.impatienceD.impatientlyTherecentconferenceontheeffectiveuseoftheseasandoceanwasanotherattemptresolvingmajordifferencesamongcountrieswithconflictinginterests.A.resolveB.resolvesC.toresolveD.beingresolvedLifeinsurance,beforeavailableonlytoyoung,healthypersons,cannowbeobtainedforoldpeople,andevenforpets.beforeyoung,healthypersonsavailableonly,B.availableonlytoyoung,healthypersonsbefore,C.availableonlytopersonsyoung,butmorehealthy,D.beforeyoungandhealthypersonsonlyavailableto,Followingayearoffastdevelopment,bythefirstquarterofthisyear,Chinahashadabout1,100e-commercewebsites.Chinahadabout1,100e-commercewebsitesbytheendoflastMarchbytheendofthefirstquarterofthisyear,Chinahashadabout1,100e-commercewebsitesbytheendofthisrecentpastMarch,Chinahasabout1,100e-commercewebsitesbytheendofthisfirstquarter,Chinahadabout1,100orsoe-commercewebsitesSino-foreigneducationalprogramonbusinessispopularinChinanow,andthedemandforhighlevelinterpretationisgreat.A.programsinenterprises/highlevelinterpretersB.programsininternationalbusiness/seniorinterpretersC.programininternationalbiz/seniorinterpretationsD.programsofbusiness/high-levelinterpretationsManystudentsagreedtocome,butsomestudentsagainstbecausetheysaidtheydon'thavetime.A.wereagainstbecausetheysaidtheydidnotB.wereagainstbecausetheysaytheydon‘tC.wereagainstitbecausetheysaidtheydidnotD.wereagainstcomingbecausetheysaidtheydon‘tWhileitisessentialthatthetextcoversthesubjectadequately,itisalsoimportantthatitisneithertoodetailedortoocomplexfortheintendedreader.A.forB.norC.noD.notConsumerporcelainsinJingdezhenarenotsellingwellinexportmarketascomparedwiththosemadeinLiling,HunanProvinceandZibo,ShandongProvince.A.onexportmarketB.inexportingmarketC.inexportedmarketD.intheexportmarketItisamarketwhichsalesvaluemightbemorethan10billionyuan.A.amarketwithasalesvaluethatmightbeB.amarketwhichmightbesalesvalueC.amarketwithsalevaluemightbeD.marketwithsalesmightbeavalueAsanEnglishmajorstudent.IthinkbusinessEnglishismorepracticalthanotherfields.A.aEnglishstudent/fieldB.aEnglishmajorstudent/regionsC.aEnglishmajor/coursesD.anEnglishstudentmajor/sciencesWvidemoreyoungparentsandtheirchildrentoenjoyearlyeducationprovidemoreyoungparentsandtheirchildrentoenjoyearlyeducationandscientificprovideyoungparentsandtheirchildrenenjoymorescientificearlyeducationprovideyoungparentsandtheirchildrenwithmoreearlyeducationservicesSection2:ReadingComprehension(50points)Thetimeforthissectionis70minutes.Questions51—60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Socialcontrolreferstosocialprocesses,plannedorunplanned,bywhichpeoplearetaught,persuaded,orforcedtoconformtonorms.Ineverysociety,somepunishmentsornegativesanctionsareestablishedfordeviantbehavior.Withoutdeviantbehaviortherewouldnotbeneedforsocialcontrolandwithoutsocialcontroltherewouldnotbeawayofrecognizingtheboundarybetweentheacceptableandtheunacceptable.Socialcontrolmaybeeitherformalorinformal.Informalmechanismsincludeexpressionsofdisapprovalbysignificantothersandwithholdingofpositiverewardsfordisapprovedbehavior.Mostpeopleinternalizenormsinthecourseofsocialization.Thisisanygroup‘smostpowerfulprotectionagainstdeviance,inthattheindividual‘sownconscienceoperatesasanagentofsocialcontrol.Wheninformalsanctionsfail,formalagentsofsocialcontrolmaybecalledupon.Incontemporarysociety,suchformalagentsandagenciesincludepsychiatryandothermentalhealthprofessions;mentalhospitals;policeandcourtsoflaw;prisons;andsocialwelfareagencies.Alltheseformalagentsfunctiontolimit,correct,andcontrolviolationofnorms.Conflicttheoristswouldalsopointoutthatsocialcontrolagentsandsystemstend,inanysociety,toservetheinterestsofpowerfulgroupsandtoenforcethenormsmostbeneficialtothosewhomaketherulesandwho,therefore,defineunacceptablebehavior.

Socialcontrol,whetherformalorinformal,hasadualfunction.First,itpunishesthewrongdoerandreaffirmstheboundariesofacceptablebehavior.Second,andlessrecognized,itregulatesthemannerinwhichdeviantsaretreated.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zSocialcontrolreferstoprocessesbywhich.A.normsaredevelopedB.normsareenforcedC.peopleareeducatedandtrainedD.peoplearerewardedandpunishedEverysocietyhasitsown.A.plannedsystemsB.controllednormsC.recognizedboundaryD.establishedsanctionsInformalmechanismsofsocialcontrolincludethefollowingEXCEPT.A.ahighlevelofinterestinensuringconformityB.expressionofdisapprovalbysignificantothersC.withholdingofpositiverewardsforthedeviantsD.people‘sinternalizationofnormsinsocializationThemostpowerfulprotectionagainstdevianceis.A.negativesanctionsB.severepunishmentsC.theindividual‘sconscienceD.unrestrainedsuppressionFormalagentsofsocialcontrolincludethefollowingEXCEPT.A.policestationsB.mentalhospitalsC.welfareagenciesD.vocationalschoolsThepurposeofformalagentsisto.A.makebeneficialrulesB.preservesocialordersC.controlviolationofnormsD.defineacceptablebehaviorWhichstatementaboutsocialcontrolagentsisNOTtrue?A.Theytendtoservetheinterestofthosewhoenforcethenorms.Theytendtoservetheinterestofthosewhoreceiveabenefit.Theytendtoservetheinterestofthosewhomaketherules.Theytendtoservetheinterestofthosewhoarepowerful.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zAccordingtoconflicttheorists,socialcontrolagentsandsystemsare.A.liberalB.partialC.neutralD.overallInthethirdparagraph,“adualfunction"refersto.A.formalandinformalB.rewardsandpenalitiesC.approvalanddisapprovalD.clarificationandregulationTheperspectivefromwhichtheauthordiscussessocialcontrolis.A.biologicalB.sociologicalC.psychologicalD.anthropologicalQuestions61—70arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Everygrouphasaculture,howeveruncivilizeditmayseemtous.Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguist,thereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.Peopleoncethoughtofthelanguagesofbackwardgroupsasundeveloped.Whileitifpossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof—backward"languagesthatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex.TheydifferfromWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflecttheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.Eveninthisaspect,twothingsaretobenoted.First,alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion,eitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.Second,theobjectsandactivitiesrequiringnamesanddistinctionsin—backward"languages,whiledifferentfromtheWest,areoftensurprisinglynumerousandcomplicated.AWesternlanguagedistinguishesmerelybetweentwodegreesofremoteness(—this"and—that").ButsomelanguagesoftheAmericanIndiansdistinguishbetweenwhatisclosetothespeaker,ortothepersonaddressed,orremovedfromboth,oroutofsight,orinthepast,orinthefuture.Everygroupofhumanbeingshas.Everygroupofhumanbeingshas.A.itsownsetofideas,beliefsandwaysoflifeC.itsownelegantmusic,literature,andotherartsTotheprofessionallinguists,.A.thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofculturesC.alllanguagescamefromgruntsandgroansMostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsareanextremelycomplexanddelicatelanguageD.theprocessofgrowingcropsorraisinganimalsthereisnointrinsichierarchyoflanguagesD.alllanguagesaremostsevereandstandardA.adequateB.numerousC.ingeniousD.ingenuousBackwardlanguagesfallbehindWesternlanguagesin.A.waystotransferideasB.formstosatisfyneedsC.abilitiestoanswerdescriptionD.systemstoexpandvocabularyAlllanguages,whethercivilizedornot,havetheirown.A.waystotransferideasB.formstosatisfyneedsC.abilitiestoanswerdescriptionD.systemstoexpandvocabularyWhichofthefollowingstatementsisimpliedinthepassage?A.Anthropologistshavenothingtodowithlinguists.B.Linguistshavenothingtodowithanthropologists.C.Thestudyoflanguagescastslightuponthestudyofcultures.D.Thestudyofculturescastsnolightuponthestudyoflanguages.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zItisimpliedthatallcultureshavetobeviewed.A.profoundlyB.intrinsicallyC.independentlyD.professionallyAccordingtothispassage,tolearnaforeignlanguagewouldrequireoneto.A.domoreactivitiesB.learnaboutanewcultureC.meetmorepeopleD.needmorenamesTheauthor‘sattitudeshowninthispassagetowardbackwardlanguagesis.A.restrainedB.subjectiveC.objectiveD.resoluteThispassageisonthewhole.A.narrativeB.instructiveC.prescriptiveD.argumentativeQuestions71—80arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thefieldofmedicinehasalwaysattracteditsshareofquacksandcharlatans—disreputablewomenandmenwithlittleornomedicalknowledgewhopromisequickcuresatcheapprices.Thereasonswhyquackerythriveseveninmoderntimesareeasytofind.Tobeginwith,painseemstobeachronichumancondition.Apersonwhosebodyormindhurtswilloftenpayanyamountofmoneyforthepromiseofrelief.Second,eventhebestmedicaltreatmentcannotcurealltheillsthatbesetmenandwomen.Peoplewhomistrustordislikethetruthsthattheirphysicianstellthemoftenturntomoresympatheticears.Manypeoplelackthetrainingnecessarytoevaluatemedicalclaims.Giventhechoicebetween(a)areputablephysicianwhosaysacureforcancerwillbelong,expensiveandmaynotworkatall,and(b)asalespersonwhosaysthatseveralbottlesofasecretformulasnakeoilwillcurenotonlycancerbuttuberculosisaswell,someindividualswilloptforsnakeoil.Manysnakeoilremediesarehighlylacedwithalcoholornarcoticdrugs.Anyonewhodrinksthemmaygetsodrunkorstonedthattheydrowntheirpainsintherisingtideofpleasantintoxication.Littlewonderthatsnakeoilisapopularcure-allforminorachesandhurts!Butlettherebenomisunderstandings.Averyfewhomeremediesactuallywork.However,mostremediessoldbyquacksarenotonlyuseless,butoftencanbeharmfulaswell.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zInthispassage,aquackoracharlatanissomeonewho.A.hasaspecialabilityB.haslittleknowledgeC.isnotagooddoctorD.pretendstobeadoctorThesentencepainseemstobeachronichumanconditionmeanspainseemsto.A.beveryseriousB.beverydifficultC.lastforalongtimeD.bealwayshappeningQuackerythriveseveninmoderntimesbecause.A.patientspayanyamountofmoneyB.patientsdonotliketheirphysiciansquackssaythattheycanhelppatientsD.bestmedicaltreatmentcostsverymuchPeoplewhoseektheadviceofquacksandcharlatansarethosewho.A.arepoorlyeducatedB.arehighlyeducatedC.dislikemedicaltreatmentsD.mistrustphysicians‘truthsToevaluatemedicalclaims,onemust.A.turntoreputabledoctorsB.makeanadequatechoiceC.havethenecessarytrainingD.disbelievepromiseofreliefAccordingtotheauthor,averyfewhomeremediesare.A.uselessB.harmfulC.pleasantD.effectiveWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Quacksarereallysympathetic.B.Snakeoildoesnotwork.C.Doctorscannotcureallills.D.Patientsareoftenimpatient.Manyindividualsoptforsnakeoilbecausethey.A.aremisledbyasecretformulaB.cannotaffordatreatmentC.lackmedicalknowledgeD.donottrustphysiciansSnakeoilisapopularcure-allforminorachesandhurtsbecauseithas.A.actuallyworkedB.somefruitstonesC.beenmisunderstoodD.alcoholornarcoticdrugsWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthispassage?A.DistrustofPhysiciansB.MedicalTreatmentC.SnakeOilRemediesD.GuardAgainstQuackeryQuestions81—90arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Modernindustrialsocietygrantslittlestatustooldpeople.Infact,suchasocietyhasasystemofbuilt-inobsolescence.Thereisnoformalsystemforcontinuingoureducationthroughoutourlifeinordertokeepupwithrapidlychangingknowledge.Whenoureducationandjobskillshavegrownobsolete,wearetreatedexactlylikethosewhohavenevergainedaneducationorjobskillsandarenotencouragedorgiventheopportunitytobeginanew.Asasocietybecomesmorehighlydeveloped,theoverallstatusofolderpeoplediminishes.Improvedhealthtechnologycreatesalargepoolofoldpeople,whocompeteforjobswiththeyoung.However,economictechnologylowersthedemandforworkersandcreatesnewjobsforwhichtheskillsoftheagedareobsolete,forcingolderpeopleintoretirement.Atthesametime,youngpeoplearebeingeducatedinthenewtechnologyandarekeepingpacewithrapidchangesinknowledge.Finally,urbanizationcreatesage-segregatedneighborhoods.Becausetheoldliveonfixedincomes,theymustoftenliveininferiorhousing.Allthesefactors—retirement,obsoleteknowledgeandskills,inferiorstandardsofliving—lowerthestatusoftheagedinsociety.Acenturyago,whenonecouldexpecttoliveonlyto50orso,thelifespanmoreorlesscoincidedwiththeoccupationandfamilycycle.Buttodaytheaveragelifespanallowsforfifteentotwentyyearsoflifeafterthesecycles.Itappearsthatourlifespanisoutpacingourusefulnessinsociety.Byasystemofbuild-inobsolescencetheauthormeans___.A.noformalsystemsexistinmodernindustrialsocietyB.oldpeoplehavenostatusinmodernindustrialsocietyyoungpeoplehavechancesinmodernindustrialsocietyD.knowledgechangesrapidlyinmodernindustrialsocietyAccordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Peopledon‘thavetogaineducation.B.Peopledon‘thavetolearnjobskills.C.Peopledon‘thavetobetreatedasequals.D.Peopledon‘thavechancestobeginanew.Themorehighlydevelopedasocietyis,.A.themoreadvancedtechnologywillbeB.thelargerthenumberofpeoplewillbeC.themorediminishedoldpeople‘sstatuswillbeD.thelowertheoverallstatusofthepeoplewillbeThehighdevelopmentofeconomictechnology.A.makesjobskillsoutoffashionB.lowersthedemandforworkersC.forcesoldpeopleintoretirementD.createsnewjobsforolderpeopleWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Retiredpeoplecouldonlyliveonfixedincomes.B.Retiredpeoplearemoreskillfulthanyoungpeople.C.Youngpeopleareeducatedinthenewtechnology.D.Youngpeoplearekeepingpacewithrapidchanges.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zAccordingtothispassage,thestatusoftheagedisloweredbytheir.A.forcedretirementB.inferiorhousingC.longerlifespanD.fixedincomesThesentenceourlifespanoutpacesourusefulnessmeanswecanlivelonger.A.andmakeprogressB.anddomoreworkC.butmoveslowlyD.butbecomeuselessTheauthor‘sattitudetowardtheagedis.A.realisticB.optimisticC.pessimisticD.sympatheticItcanbededucedfromthispassagethatoneshould.A.learnnewskillsB.beopen-mindedC.haveagoodpersonalityD.keeppacewiththetimesWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheProblemofAgingB.SocialStructuresC.EconomicTechnologyD.ContinuingEducationQuestions91—100arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whenyoufirstdriftoffintoslumber,youreyeswillrollaboutabit,yourtemperaturewilldropslightly,yourmuscleswillrelax,andyourbreathingwillbecomequiteregular.Yourbrainwavesslowdownabit,withthealpharhythmpredominatingforthefirstfewminutes.Thisisthefirststageofsleep.Forthenext30minutesorso,youwilldriftdownthroughStage2andStage3.Theloweryourstageofsleep,thesloweryourbrainwaveswillbe.About40-60minutesafteryouloseconsciousness,youwillreachthelaststage.Yourbrainwaveswillshowthedeltarhythm.Youmaythinkthatyoustayatthisdeepstagealltherestofthenight,butthatturnsoutnottobethecase.About80minutesafteryoufallintoslumber,youractivitycyclewillincreaseslightly.Thedeltarhythmwilldisappear,tobereplacedbytheactivitypatternofRapidEyeMovementslastsfor8-15minutesandiscalledREMsleep.Duringbothlightanddeepsleep,themusclesinyourbodyarerelaxedbutcapableofmovement.AsyouslipintoREMsleep,averyoddthingoccurs—mostofthevoluntarymusclesinyourbodybecomeparalyzed.AlthoughyourbrainshowsveryrapidburstsofneuralactivityduringREMsleep,yourbodyisincapableofmoving.REMsleepisaccompaniedbyextensivemuscularinhibition.Onthepartofanaveragesleeper,thereofsleepincycles.isonestageB.aretwostagesC.aresixstagesD.arefourstagesWhenapersonfallsintothestateofsleep,his.A.eyeballswillrollaboutabitmindwillrelaxmoreandmoreC.breathingwillslowforminutesD.temperaturewillincreaseslightlyTheloweryourstageofsleep,.A.thefasteryoureyeswillrollaboutB.thequieteryourbreathwillbecomethesloweryourbrainwaveswillbeD.thehigheryourtemperaturewillbeAfteryouhavereachedthedeepestsleep,.A.youwillstayatthefourthstagetherestofthenightB.youwillloseyourconsciousnessfor40-60minutesC.yourbrainwaveswillshowthedeltarhythmD.yourbrainwaveswillshowthealpharhythmIntheREMsleep,.A.thedeltarhythmwilldisappearB.theactivitypatternwillappearC.somethingwilloccurinfrontofyouD.youreyeswillbegintodartaroundYouwillfallintothefourthstageofsleep.A.about80minutesafteryoufallintoslumberB.some10minutesafteryoufallintoREMsleepC.about40minutesafteryouloseconsciousnessD.some30minutesafteryoubrainwavesslowThefirstparagraphofthispassagetellsusabout.A.therhythmsofbrainwavesthedailyactivitiesofsleepC.thestagesofsleepincyclesD.thedailyactivitiesincyclesTOC\o"1-5"\h\zInthispassage,thewordparalyzedmeansunableto.A.moveB.thinkC.workD.speakThephraseextensivemuscularinhibitionmeans.A.thebodyisincapableofmovementB.themusclesinthebodyarerelaxedvoluntarymusclesarecapableofmovementD.thebrainshowsrapidburstofneuralactivityThebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe.A.BrainWavesB.SleepCyclesC.DailyActivitiesD.BodyActivitiesSection3:ClozeTest(25points)Inthefollowingpassage,thereare25blanksrepresentingwordsthataremissingfromthecontext.Youaretoputbackineachoftheblanksthemissingword.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.Thetimeforthissectionis25minutes.Someconsumerresearchersdistinguish(1)rationalmotivesandemotional(ornon-rational)motives.Theyusethetermrationality(2)thetraditionaleconomicsensethatassumes(3)consumersbehaverationallywhentheycarefullyconsiderallalternatives(4)choosethosethatgivethemthegreatestutility(i.e.,satisfaction).(5)amarketingcontext,thetermrationalityimpliesthattheconsumerselectsgoodsbased(6)totallyobjectivecriteria,such(7)size,weight,price,andsoon.Emotionalmotivesimplytheselectionofgoods(8)topersonalorsubjectivecriteria—thedesire(9)individuality,pride,fear,affectionorstatus.Theassumptionunderlyingthisdistinctionis(10)subjectiveoremotionalcriteriadonotmaximizeutilityorsatisfaction,(11),itisreasonabletoassumethatconsumersalwaysattempttoselectalternativesthat,(12)theirview,servetomaximizesatisfaction.Obviously,theassessmentofsatisfactionisaverypersonalprocess,based(13)theindividual‘sownneedsas(14)asonpastbehavioral,social,andlearningexperiences.Whatmayappear(15)irrationaltoanoutsideobservermaybeperfectlyrational(16)thecontextoftheconsumer‘sownpsychologicalfield.Forexample,aproductpurchasedtoenhanceone‘sself-image(suchasafragrance)isaperfectlyrationalformofconsumerbehavior.(17)behaviordidnotappearrationaltothepersonwhoundertakesit(18)thetimethatitisundertaken,obviouslyheorshewouldnotdoit.(19)thedistinctionbetweenrationalandemotionalmotivesdoesnotappeartobewarranted.Someresearchersgosofar(20)tosuggestthatemphasis(21)“needs"obscurestherational,orconscious,natureofmostconsumermotivation.Theyclaimthatconsumersactconsciously(22)maximizetheirgainsandminimizetheirlosses;thattheyactnot(23)subconsciousdrivesbutfromrationalpreferences,(24)whattheyperceivetobe(25)theirownbestinterests.2004年5月英語二級(jí)《筆譯實(shí)務(wù)》試題Section1:English-ChineseTranslation(英譯漢)(60point)Thetimeforthissectionis100minutes.PartACompulsoryTranslation(必譯題)(30points)ThefirstoutlineofTheAscentofManwaswritteninJuly1969andthelastfootoffilmwasshotinDecember1972.Anundertakingaslargeasthis,thoughwonderfullyexhilarating,isnotenteredlightly.Itdemandsanunflaggingintellectualandphysicalvigour,atotalimmersion,whichIhadtobesurethatIcouldsustainwithpleasure;forinstance,IhadtoputoffresearchesthatIhadalreadybegun;andIoughttoexplai-nwhatmovedmetodoso.Therehasbeenadeepchangeinthetemperofscienceinthelast20years:thefocusofattentionhasshiftedfromthephysicaltothelifesciences.Asaresult,scienceisdrawnmoreandmoretothestudyofin-dividuality.Buttheinterestedspectatorishardlyawareyethowfar-reachingtheeffectisinchangingtheimageofmanthatsciencemoulds.Asamathematiciantrainedinphysics,Itoowouldhavebeenunaware,hadnotaseriesofluckychancestakenmeintothelifesciencesinmiddleage.Ioweadebtforthegoodfortunethatcarriedmeintotwoseminalfieldsofscienceinonelifetime;andthoughIdonotknowtowhomthedebtisdue,IconceivedTheAscentofManingratitudetorepayit.TheinvitationtomefromtheBritishBroadcastingCorporationwastopresentthedevelopmentofscienceinaseriesoftelevisionprogrammestomatchthoseofLordClarkonCivilisation.Televisionisanadmirablemedium-forexpositioninseveralways:powerfulandimmediatetotheeye,abletotakethespectatorbodilyintotheplacesandprocessesthataredescribed,andconversationalenoughtomakehimconsciousthatwhathewitnessesarenoteventsbuttheactionsofpeople.Thelastofthesemeritsistomymindthemostcogent,anditweighedmostwithmeinagreeingtocastapersonalbiographyofideasintheformoftelevisionessays.Thepointisthatknowledgeingeneralandscienceinparticulardoesnotconsistofabstractbutofman-madeideas,allthewayfromitsbeginningstoitsmodernandidiosyncraticmodels.Thereforetheunderlyingconceptsthatunlocknaturemustbeshowntoariseearlyandinthesimplestculturesofmanfromhisbasicandspecificfaculties.Andthedevelopmentofsciencewhichjoinstheminmoreandmorecomplexconjunctionsmustbeseentobeequallyhuman:discoveriesaremadebymen,notmerelybyminds,sothattheyarealiveandchargedwithindividuality.Iftelevisionisnotusedtomakethesethoughtsconcrete,itiswasted.PartBOptionalTranslations(二選一題)(30points)Topic1(選題一)It‘snotthatweareafraidofseeinghimstumble,ofscribblingamustacheoverhiscareer.Sure,thenicepartofuswantsMiketoknowweappreciatehim,thathestillreigns,atleastinourmemory.Thetruth,though,isthatwedon‘twanthimtocomebackbecauseevenforMichaelJordan,thiswouldbeanactofhubrissomonumentalastomakehistrademarkconfidencetwistintoconceit.Wedon‘twanthimbackonthecourtbecausenoonelikesashow-off.Thestumbling?Thatwillbefun.Butwearenicepeople,weAmericans,with225yearsofoptimismatourbacks.DaysagowhenM.J.saidhehadmadeadecisionaboutreturningtotheNBAinSeptember,wegotexcited.Hehadsaidthedaybefore,“Ilookforwardtoplaying,andhopefullyIcangettothatpointwhereIcanmakethatdecision.It‘sO.K.,tohavesomedoubt,andit‘sO.K.tohavesomenervousness."ATime/CNNpolllastweekhasAmericans,2to1,sayingtheywouldlikehimonthecourtASAP.Andonly21percentthoughtthatifhecamebackandjustcompletelybombed,itwoulddamagehi