4.19 實(shí)驗(yàn)4-19 VLAN間單播通信的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法-使用三層交換機(jī)

4.19實(shí)驗(yàn)4-19VLAN間單播通信的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法——使用三層交換機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康恼J(rèn)識(shí)三層交換機(jī)。掌握使用三層交換機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)VLAN間單播通信的方法。實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1.構(gòu)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)?.查看并標(biāo)注交換機(jī)相關(guān)接口名稱（接口號(hào)）3.標(biāo)注IP地址、子網(wǎng)掩碼以及默認(rèn)網(wǎng)關(guān)的IP地址4.配置IP地址、子網(wǎng)掩碼以及默認(rèn)網(wǎng)關(guān)的IP地址5.在三層交換機(jī)上創(chuàng)建并劃分VLAN6.在三層交換機(jī)上創(chuàng)建交換虛擬接口SVI并進(jìn)行相應(yīng)配置7.選擇要監(jiān)視的網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議8.網(wǎng)絡(luò)連通性測(cè)試9.驗(yàn)證使用三層交換機(jī)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)VLAN間的單播通信實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1.構(gòu)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)銹C-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC3PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC53560-24PSMultilayerSwitch0實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1.構(gòu)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)?選擇“連接”?選擇“自動(dòng)選擇連接類型”實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1.構(gòu)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)銹C-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC3PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC53560-24PSMultilayerSwitch0連接完成后，交換機(jī)的相關(guān)接口處于阻塞狀態(tài)，一段時(shí)間后才能處于打開狀態(tài)。我們可以人為加速該過程。實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1.構(gòu)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)溥B接完成后，交換機(jī)的相關(guān)接口處于阻塞狀態(tài)，一段時(shí)間后才能處于打開狀態(tài)。我們可以人為加速該過程。?切換到“實(shí)時(shí)”工作模式?單擊該按鈕，快進(jìn)時(shí)間實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1.構(gòu)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)銹C-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC3PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC53560-24PSMultilayerSwitch02.查看并標(biāo)注交換機(jī)相關(guān)接口名稱（接口號(hào)）實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC3PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC53560-24PSMultilayerSwitch02.查看并標(biāo)注交換機(jī)相關(guān)接口名稱（接口號(hào)）實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟?選擇該菜單項(xiàng)?選擇該選項(xiàng)卡?選中該選項(xiàng)2.查看并標(biāo)注交換機(jī)相關(guān)接口名稱（接口號(hào)）實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC3PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC53560-24PSMultilayerSwitch0Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6Fa0Fa0Fa0Fa0Fa0Fa02.查看并標(biāo)注交換機(jī)相關(guān)接口名稱（接口號(hào)）實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC3PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC53560-24PSMultilayerSwitch0Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6Fa0Fa0Fa0Fa0Fa0Fa0PacketTracer軟件顯示接口名稱、網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備型號(hào)和名稱的功能并不完美，有時(shí)會(huì)遮擋傳輸媒體、狀態(tài)指示燈、甚至是網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備自身，并且會(huì)顯示網(wǎng)絡(luò)中所有網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備相關(guān)接口的接口名稱，這使得網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)渲械男畔⒖雌饋肀容^凌亂。建議同學(xué)們首先讓PacketTracer軟件顯示各網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備的相關(guān)接口名稱，然后將需要顯示的接口名稱記錄下來，并作為注釋信息標(biāo)注在相關(guān)接口旁邊，最后讓PacketTracer軟件不顯示各網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備的相關(guān)接口名稱即可。2.查看并標(biāo)注交換機(jī)相關(guān)接口名稱（接口號(hào)）實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC3PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC53560-24PSMultilayerSwitch0Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6使用“放置注釋”工具，在交換機(jī)各相關(guān)接口旁標(biāo)注接口名稱3.標(biāo)注IP地址、子網(wǎng)掩碼以及默認(rèn)網(wǎng)關(guān)的IP地址實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC3PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC53560-24PSMultilayerSwitch0Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254VLAN號(hào)為10的交換虛擬接口SVIVLAN號(hào)為20的交換虛擬接口SVI192.168.1.254/24192.168.2.254/244.配置IP地址、子網(wǎng)掩碼以及默認(rèn)網(wǎng)關(guān)的IP地址實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC3PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC53560-24PSMultilayerSwitch0Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254VLAN號(hào)為10的交換虛擬接口SVIVLAN號(hào)為20的交換虛擬接口SVI192.168.1.254/24192.168.2.254/244.配置IP地址、子網(wǎng)掩碼以及默認(rèn)網(wǎng)關(guān)的IP地址實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC3PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC53560-24PSMultilayerSwitch0Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254VLAN號(hào)為10的交換虛擬接口SVIVLAN號(hào)為20的交換虛擬接口SVI192.168.1.254/24192.168.2.254/24輸入IP地址、子網(wǎng)掩碼以及默認(rèn)網(wǎng)關(guān)的IP地址不要忘記給其他各PC配置IP地址、子網(wǎng)掩碼以及默認(rèn)網(wǎng)關(guān)的IP地址5.在三層交換機(jī)上創(chuàng)建并劃分VLAN實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC3PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC53560-24PSMultilayerSwitch0Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254VLAN號(hào)為10的交換虛擬接口SVIVLAN號(hào)為20的交換虛擬接口SVI192.168.1.254/24192.168.2.254/24AccessAccessAccessAccessAccessAccess5.在三層交換機(jī)上創(chuàng)建并劃分VLAN實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC3PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC53560-24PSMultilayerSwitch0Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254VLAN號(hào)為10的交換虛擬接口SVIVLAN號(hào)為20的交換虛擬接口SVI192.168.1.254/24192.168.2.254/24AccessAccessAccessAccessAccessAccess5.在三層交換機(jī)上創(chuàng)建并劃分VLAN實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC3PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC53560-24PSMultilayerSwitch0Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254VLAN號(hào)為10的交換虛擬接口SVIVLAN號(hào)為20的交換虛擬接口SVI192.168.1.254/24192.168.2.254/24VLAN1VLAN20VLAN10AccessAccessAccessAccessAccessAccess5.在三層交換機(jī)上創(chuàng)建并劃分VLAN實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC3PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC53560-24PSMultilayerSwitch0Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254VLAN號(hào)為10的交換虛擬接口SVIVLAN號(hào)為20的交換虛擬接口SVI192.168.1.254/24192.168.2.254/245.在三層交換機(jī)上創(chuàng)建并劃分VLAN實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟Switch>enableSwitch#configureterminalSwitch(config)#vlan10Switch(config-vlan)#nameVLAN10Switch(config-vlan)#vlan20Switch(config-vlan)#nameVLAN20Switch(config-vlan)#exitSwitch(config)#interfacerangef0/1-3Switch(config-if-range)#switchportmodeaccessSwitch(config-if-range)#switchportaccessvlan10Switch(config-if-range)#interfacerangef0/4-6Switch(config-if-range)#switchportmodeaccessSwitch(config-if-range)#switchportaccessvlan20Switch(config-if)#endSwitch#showvlanbrief//從用戶執(zhí)行模式進(jìn)入特權(quán)執(zhí)行模式//從特權(quán)執(zhí)行模式進(jìn)入全局配置模式//創(chuàng)建VLAN號(hào)為10的VLAN并進(jìn)入其配置模式//將VLAN號(hào)為10的VLAN命名為VLAN10//創(chuàng)建VLAN號(hào)為20的VLAN并進(jìn)入其配置模式//將VLAN號(hào)為20的VLAN命名為VLAN20//退出VLAN配置模式回到全局配置模式//批量配置接口f0/1，f0/2，f0/3//配置接口類型為Access//配置接口屬于VLAN號(hào)為10的VLAN//批量配置接口f0/4，f0/5，f0/6//配置接口類型為Access//配置接口屬于VLAN號(hào)為20的VLAN//退出到特權(quán)執(zhí)行模式//顯示VLAN摘要信息VLAN20VLAN10AccessAccessAccessAccessAccessAccess5.在三層交換機(jī)上創(chuàng)建并劃分VLAN實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC3PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC53560-24PSMultilayerSwitch0Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254VLAN號(hào)為10的交換虛擬接口SVIVLAN號(hào)為20的交換虛擬接口SVI192.168.1.254/24192.168.2.254/24在交換機(jī)上劃分VLAN后，其相關(guān)接口處于阻塞狀態(tài)，一段時(shí)間后才能處于打開狀態(tài)。我們可以人為加速該過程。VLAN20VLAN10AccessAccessAccessAccessAccessAccess5.在三層交換機(jī)上創(chuàng)建并劃分VLAN實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC3PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC53560-24PSMultilayerSwitch0Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254VLAN號(hào)為10的交換虛擬接口SVIVLAN號(hào)為20的交換虛擬接口SVI192.168.1.254/24192.168.2.254/246.在三層交換機(jī)上創(chuàng)建交換虛擬接口SVI并進(jìn)行相應(yīng)配置VLAN20VLAN10AccessAccessAccessAccessAccessAccess實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC3PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC53560-24PSMultilayerSwitch0Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254VLAN號(hào)為10的交換虛擬接口SVIVLAN號(hào)為20的交換虛擬接口SVI192.168.1.254/24192.168.2.254/246.在三層交換機(jī)上創(chuàng)建交換虛擬接口SVI并進(jìn)行相應(yīng)配置實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟Switch#configureterminalSwitch(config)#interfacevlan10Switch(config-if)#ipaddress192.168.1.254255.255.255.0Switch(config-if)#noshutdownSwitch(config-if)#interfacevlan20Switch(config-if)#ipaddress192.168.2.254255.255.255.0Switch(config-if)#noshutdownSwitch(config-if)#exitSwitch(config)#iprouting//從特權(quán)執(zhí)行模式進(jìn)入全局配置模式//創(chuàng)建VLAN號(hào)為10的交換虛擬接口//給該交換虛擬接口配置IP地址和子網(wǎng)掩碼//開啟該交換虛擬接口//創(chuàng)建VLAN號(hào)為20的交換虛擬接口//給該交換虛擬接口配置IP地址和子網(wǎng)掩碼//開啟該交換虛擬接口//退出到全局配置模式//開啟三層交換機(jī)的路由功能7.選擇要監(jiān)視的網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議VLAN20VLAN10AccessAccessAccessAccessAccessAccess實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC3PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC53560-24PSMultilayerSwitch0Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254VLAN號(hào)為10的交換虛擬接口SVIVLAN號(hào)為20的交換虛擬接口SVI192.168.1.254/24192.168.2.254/247.選擇要監(jiān)視的網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟?切換到“模擬”工作模式?單擊該按鈕，清空“事件列表”?單擊該按鈕，打開“協(xié)議選擇”對(duì)話框?選擇“IPv4”選項(xiàng)卡?選擇監(jiān)視ICMP協(xié)議的相關(guān)事件8.網(wǎng)絡(luò)連通性測(cè)試VLAN20VLAN10AccessAccessAccessAccessAccessAccess實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC3PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC53560-24PSMultilayerSwitch0Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254VLAN號(hào)為10的交換虛擬接口SVIVLAN號(hào)為20的交換虛擬接口SVI192.168.1.254/24192.168.2.254/248.網(wǎng)絡(luò)連通性測(cè)試實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟切換到“實(shí)時(shí)”工作模式8.網(wǎng)絡(luò)連通性測(cè)試VLAN20VLAN10AccessAccessAccessAccessAccessAccess實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC3PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC53560-24PSMultilayerSwitch0Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254VLAN號(hào)為10的交換虛擬接口SVIVLAN號(hào)為20的交換虛擬接口SVI192.168.1.254/24192.168.2.254/24在計(jì)算機(jī)PC0的命令行使用“ping”命令，分別測(cè)試PC0與他各PC之間的連通性。8.網(wǎng)絡(luò)連通性測(cè)試實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟//測(cè)試PC0與PC1的連通性//測(cè)試PC0與PC4的連通性//原因參看實(shí)驗(yàn)4-2如果測(cè)試失敗，請(qǐng)檢查網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)?、主機(jī)的IP地址、子網(wǎng)掩碼以及默認(rèn)網(wǎng)關(guān)的IP地址配置、三層交換機(jī)上創(chuàng)建并劃分VLAN、三層交換機(jī)上創(chuàng)建虛擬接口并進(jìn)行相應(yīng)IP地址和子網(wǎng)掩碼的配置是否正確。9.驗(yàn)證使用三層交換機(jī)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)VLAN間的單播通信VLAN20VLAN10AccessAccessAccessAccessAccessAccess實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC3PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC53560-24PSMultilayerSwitch0Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.168.2.1/24192.168.2.2/24192.168.2.3/24192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.1.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254192.168.2.254VLAN號(hào)為10的交換虛擬接口SVIVLAN號(hào)為20的交換虛擬接口SVI192.168.1.254/24192.168.2.254/249.驗(yàn)證使用三層交換機(jī)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)VLAN間的單播通信實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟?切換到“模擬”工作模式?使用“添加簡單的PDU”工具，

讓VLAN10中的某臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)（例如PC0）

給VLAN20中的某臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)（例如PC3）

發(fā)送一個(gè)單播IP數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)。?單擊該按鈕，進(jìn)行單步模擬。9.驗(yàn)證使用三層交換機(jī)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)VLAN間的單播通信VLAN20VLAN10AccessAccessAccessAccessAccessAccess實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟PC-PTPC1PC-PTPC0PC-PTPC2PC-PTPC3PC-PTPC4PC-PTPC53560-24PSMultilayerSwitch0Fa0/1Fa0/2Fa0/3Fa0/4Fa0/5Fa0/6192.168.1.3/24192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24192.