期末考試高級(jí)英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)修辭總結(jié)

PAGEPAGE4Unit1MiddleEasternBazaar1.Onomatopoeia（擬聲法）:istheformationofwordsinimitationorthesoundsassociatedwiththethingconcerned.e.g.1)Littlemonkeyswithharmoniouslytinklingbellsthreadtheirwayamongthethrongsofpeople(Para.1)2)thesqueakingandrumbling(Para.9)2.Metaphor（隱喻）:istheuseofawordorphrasewhichdescribesonethingbystatinganothercomparablethingwithoutusing“as”or“l(fā)ike”.e.g.1)theheatandglareofabigopensquare(Para.1)2)…untilyouroundedacornerandseeafairlylandofdancingflashes….3)…inthemazeofvaultedstreetswhichhoneycombthisbazaar(Para.7)3.alliteration（頭韻）:istheuseofseveralwordsincloseproximitybeginningwiththesameletterorletters.e.g.1)…threadtheirwayamongthethrongsofpeople(Para.1)2)…thesellers,ontheotherhand,makeapointofprotesting4.Hyperbole(夸張):istheuseofaformofwordstomakesthsoundbig,small,loudandsoonbysayingthatitislikesomethingevenbigger,smaller,louder,etc.e.g.orsitinatinyrestaurantwithportersand…(Para.7)quicklythetricklebecomesafloodofglisteninglinseedoil(Para.9)5．Antithesis(對(duì)偶):isthesetting,ofteninparallelstructure,ofcontrastingwordsorphrasesoppositeeachotherforemphasis.e.g.1)…atinyapprenticeblowsabigcharcoalfirewithahugeleatherbellows…(Para.5)2)…whichtowerstothevaultedceilinganddwarfsthecamelsandtheirstonewheels.(Para.9)6.Personification:afigureofspeechinwhichinanimateobjectsareendowedwithhumanqualitiesorarerepresentedaspossessinghumanform.e.g.…astheburnishedcoppercatchesthelightof…(Para.5)7.Assonance(尾韻)e.g.1)…thesqueakingandrumblingofthegrindingwheels….Unit21.Metaphor:暗喻Afigureofspeechinwhichawordorphrasethatordinarilydesignatesonethingisusedtodesignateanother,thusmakinganimplicitcomparison.暗喻是一種修辭，通常用指某物的詞或詞組來(lái)指代他物，從而暗示二者之間的相似之處。1).Andsecondly,becauseIhadalumpinmythroatandalotofsadthoughtsonmymindthathadlittletodowithanythinginNipponrailwaysofficialmightsay.2).…Iwasagaincrushedbythethought…(Page13,Para.4,Line1)3).…Atlasttheintermezzocametoanendand…(Page13,Para.4,Line1)4).…whenthemeaningoftheselastwordssankin,joltingme…(P15,P.7,Lines1~3)2.alliteration（頭韻）:istheuseofseveralwordsincloseproximitybeginningwiththesameletterorletters.e.g.1)thefasttrainintheworldslippedtoastop….2)Ifeelsick,,andeversincethentheyhavebeentestingandtreatingme….3.rhetoricalquestion(反詰句)e.g.1)WasInotatthesceneofthecrime?4.Synecdoche:提喻Afigureofspeechinwhichapartisusedforthewhole(ahandforsailor),thewholeforapart(asthelawforpoliceofficer),thespecificforthegeneral(ascutthroatforassassin),thegeneralforthespecific(asthiefforpickpocket),orthematerialforthethingfromwhichitismade(assteelforsword).舉隅法，提喻法：一種修辭方法，以局部代表整體（如用手代表水手），以整體代表局部（如用法律代表警官），以特殊代表一般（如用直柄剃刀代表殺人者），以一般代表特殊（如用賊代表扒手），或用原材料代表用該材料制造的東西（如用鋼代表劍）e.g.1)TheratherarrestingspectacleoflittleoldJapanadriftamidbeigeconcreteskyscrapersistheverysymboloftheincessantstrugglebetweenthekimonoandtheminiskirt.(Para.7)littleoldJapan:traditionalJapanesehouses2)Therewerefreshbows,andthefacesgrewmoreandmoreseriouseachtimethenameHiroshimawasrepeated.(synecdoche)5.Metonymy:換喻Afigureofspeechinwhichonewordorphraseissubstitutedforanotherwithwhichitiscloselyassociated,asintheuseof“Washington”for“theUnitedStatesgovernment”orof“thesword”for“militarypower”.e.g.1)換喻，轉(zhuǎn)喻：一種一個(gè)詞或詞組被另一個(gè)與之有緊密聯(lián)系的詞或詞組替換的修辭方法，如用“華盛頓”代替“美政府”或用“劍”代替“軍事力量”TheratherarrestingspectacleoflittleoldJapanadriftamidbeigeconcreteskyscrapersistheverysymboloftheincessantstrugglebetweenthekimonoandtheminiskirt.(Para.7)thekimonoandtheminiskirt:theJapanesecultureandthewesternculture6.Irony：反語(yǔ)Theuseofwordstoexpresssomethingdifferentfromandoftenoppositetotheirliteralmeaningtoachievethehumorousandironiceffect.反語(yǔ)：正話反說(shuō)或反話正說(shuō)以達(dá)到幽默和諷刺的效果。e.g.1）ThiswayIlookatthemandcongratulatemyselfonthegoodfortunethatmyillnesshasbroughtme.(P.17)7.Sarcasm諷刺Sarcasmisanexpressionorcuttingremarkclearlymeaningtheoppositetowhatisfelt.e.g.1）Hiroshima—the“l(fā)iveliest”CityinJapan2）Ifyouwanttowritethiscity,donotforgettosaythatthiscityisthegayestcityinJapan,evenif…8.Euphemism委婉語(yǔ)Speakwithgoodwords把話說(shuō)得好聽些，婉轉(zhuǎn)些，使聽者感到愉快。e.g.1）EachdaythatIescapedeath,eachdayofsufferingthathelpstofreemefromb)Behindallthisglare,behindallthisstorm,Iseethatsmallgroupof…(p.80)Glare:afierceorangrystare;Hereitreferstowarfire.Storm:strongwindandrain;HereitreferstowarorHitler’sassaultontheothercountries.c)…delightedtofindwhattheybelieveisaneasierandasaferprey(theRussiansoldiers).(p.80)d)Isupposetheywillberoundedupinhordes.(Page77,Para.1,thelastsentence)e)WeareresolvedtodestroyHitlerandeveryvestigeoftheNaziregime.(Page80,Para.3,Lines6~8)f)wehaveridtheearthofhisshadow(influence)andliberateditspeoplesfromhisyoke(control).(p.80)8.alliterationTherepetitionofthesameconsonantsoundsorofdifferentvowelsoundsatthebeginningofwordsorinstressedsyllables,asin頭韻：在一組詞的開頭或重讀音節(jié)中對(duì)相同輔音或不同元音的重復(fù)。如：1)Hearthandhome(p.82)2)Ialsoseethedull,drilled,docile,brutishmassesoftheHunsoldieryploddingonlikeaswarmofcrawlinglocusts.(p.79)3)Letuslearnthelessonsalreadytaughtbysuchcruelexperience.(p.82)9.PersonificationAfigureofspeechinwhichinanimateobjectsorabstractionsareendowedwithhumanqualitiesorarerepresentedaspossessinghumanformIseetheGermanbombersandfightersinthesky,stillsmartingfrommanyaBritishwhipping,delightedtofindwhattheybelieveisaneasierandasaferprey.(p.79-80)10.hyperboleAfigureofspeechinwhichexaggerationisusedforemphasisoreffect,asinIcouldsleepforayearorThisbookweighsaton.夸張法：一種比喻，使用夸張來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)或產(chǎn)生某種效果，比如在我能睡一年或這書有一噸重中1)IfHitlerinvadedHellIwouldmakeatleastafavourablereferencetotheDevilintheHouseofCommons.(Hitlerismuchevilerthanthedevil.)(p.78)11.Onomatopoeia(擬聲)1）…withitsclanking,heelclicking,dandified….12.Antithesis(對(duì)偶)1）AnymanorstatewhofightsonagainstNazidomwillhaveouraid.AnymanorstatewhomarcheswithHitlerisourfoe.13.Collusion(典故)1)Iaskedwhetherforhim,thearchanti—communist,thiswasnotbowingdownintheHouseofRimmon14.Syllogism三段論推理Unit9MarkTwain—MirrorofAmerica1.Simile:PleaserefertoLesson2.e.g.1)Indeed,thisnation’sbest-lovedauthorwaseverybitasadventurous,patriotic,romantic,andhumorousasanyonehaseverimagined.(Para.1)2)Tom’smischievousdaring,ingenuity,andthesweetinnocenceofhisaffectionforBeckyThatcherarealmostassuretobestudiedinAmericanschoolstodayasistheDeclarationofIndependence.(Para.15)3）MostAmericanrememberM.T.asthefatherof4)..amemorythatseemedphonographic2.Metaphore.g.1)…whosawclearlyaheadablackwallofnight.(Para.1)2)…mainarteryoftransportationintheyoungnation’sheart.(Para.3).theepidemicofgoldandsilverfever...4.MarkTwainMirrorofAmericaTwainbegandigginghiswaytoregionalfame...MarkTwainhonedandexperimentedwithhisnewwritingmuscles...3.Sarcasm:itisafigureofspeechwhichattacksinatauntingandbittermanner,anditsaimistodisparage,ridiculeandwoundthefeelingsofthesubjectattacked.Itismostoftenrestrictedtothemakingofbrief,unpleasantremarksthataremotivatedbyhostilityandcontempt.e.g.1)…Iknewmoreaboutretreatingthanthemanthatinventedretreating.(Para.6)2)…onecouldsetatrapanywhereandcatchadozenablermaninanight.(Para.13)4.Alliteration（頭韻）.e.g.Itwasasplendidpopulation–foralltheslow,sleepy,sluggish-brainedslothsstayedathome.Itwasthatpopulation…andrushingthemthroughwithamagnificentdashanddaringandarecklessnessofcostorconsequences”5.Antithesis（對(duì)偶）e.g.1)…ofthedifferencebetweenwhatpeopleclaimtobeandwhattheyreallyare.(Para.5)2)…aworldwhichwilllamentthemadayandforgetthemforever.3)Itwasasplengdedpopulation—foralltheslow,sleepy,sluggish-brainedslothsstayedathome…...tookunholyverbalshotsattheHolyLand...6.euphemisme.g.1)HetriedsoldieringfortwoweekswithamotleybandofConfiderateguerrillaswhodiligentlyavoidedcontactwiththeenemy.2)hecommentedwithacrushingsenseofdespaironman’sfinalreleasefromearthlystruggles3)theyvanishfromaworldwheretheywereofnoconsequence..7.metonymy（轉(zhuǎn)喻）e.g.…butformakingmoney,hispenwouldprovemightierthanhispickax.8.personification.e.g.Bitternessfedonthemanwhohadmadetheworldlaugh.Thegraveworldsmilesasusuallyandsays….9.Transferredepithet(轉(zhuǎn)移修飾語(yǔ))e.g.Hehadtoleavethecityforawhilebecauseofsomescathingcolumnshewrote.10.Hyperbole:...cruisethrougheternalboyhoodand...endlesssummeroffreedom...Parallelism:MostAmericansremember...thefatherofHuckFinn'sidylliccruisethrougheternalboyhoodandTomSawyer'sendlesssummeroffreedomandadventure.SynecdocheKeelboats,...carriedthefirstmajorcommerceUnit10TheTrialthatRockedtheWorld1.Metaphor:Noone,...thatmaycasewouldsnowballinto...Theoratoricalstormthat…ourtown...hadtakenonacircusatmosphere.Thestreet...sproutedwith...Hethunderedinhissonorousorgantones....championhadnotscorchedtheinfidels...…afterthepreliminarysparringoverlegalities…2.Simile:...sweptthearenalikeaprairiefire...apalmfanlikeasword...3.Metonymy...tomorrowthemagazines,thebooks,thenewspapers...TheChristianbelievesthatmancamefromabove....below.4.Hyperbole:ThetrialthatrockedtheworldHisreputationasanauthorityonScriptureisrecognizedthroughouttheworld.(overstatement)5.Ridicule（丑化）Bryan,ageingandpaunchy,wasassisted...….anditisamightystrongcombinationBryanmoppedhisbalddomeinsilence.Resolutelyhestrodeto