新概念英語二冊超詳講義筆記Lesson80TheCrystalPalace水晶宮

Lesson80TheCrystalPalace水晶宮【Newwordsandexpressions】（10）palace n.宮殿extraordinary adj.不平常的，非凡的exhibition n.展覽iron n.鐵various adj.各種各樣的machinery n.機(jī)器display n.展覽steam n.蒸汽profit n.利潤college n.學(xué)院★palace n.宮殿宮殿eg.theSummerPalace頤和園BuckinghamPalace白金漢宮（英國）(尤指歐洲大陸）華麗的大廈eg.ThenoblesofFlorencebuiltsplendidpalaces.佛羅倫薩的貴州們建造了華麗的宮殿。Hishomeisapalaceparedtoourlittlehouse.和我們的小房子比起來，他的家就是宮殿。★extraordinary adj.不平常的，非凡的非常的，非凡的eg.agirlofextraordinarybeauty美麗非凡的女孩奇特的eg.Whatanextraordinaryhat!多奇特的帽子?。∨R時(shí)的eg.ThemitteemeetsregularlyonFridays,buttherewillbeanextraordinarymeetingnextWednesday.委員會在每周五定期碰面，但下周五會有個(gè)臨時(shí)會議。extraordinarilyadv.奇特地，非凡地extra+ordinaryextraadj.額外的，附加的eg.extrapayforextrawork多勞多得（extra+adj.描述事物性質(zhì)或特征在程度上大大超過原詞所描述的）extrathin格外瘦extralarge格外大extraspecial格外特別extrabright格外聰明ordinaryadj.平常的，普通的，通常的=normal=usualeg.anordinaryday平常的一天ordinarypeoplelikeyouandme你我之類的老百姓★exhibition n.展覽展覽eg.onexhibition在展出，在展覽Someofthechildren’spaintingsarenowonexhibitionattheschool.孩子們的一些畫正在學(xué)校展出。展覽會eg.aninternationaltradeexhibition國際貿(mào)易展覽會makeanexhibitionofoneself當(dāng)眾出丑，出洋相Getupoffthefloorandstopmakingsuchanexhibitionofyourself.從地上爬起來，別再當(dāng)眾出丑了。exhibitn.(尤指博物館里的)展品eg.Don’ttouchtheexhibits.apricelessexhibit一件極貴重的陳列品v.展覽（某類型物品）eg.toexhibitpaintings展覽繪畫作品toexhibitflowers展出花卉toexhibitnewcars展出新車★iron n.鐵鐵eg.Strikewhiletheiron’shot.趁熱打鐵。IronandBlood.鐵血政策。（喻指“殘暴的政治手段”。）熨斗堅(jiān)忍不拔之毅力eg.anironwill堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志have(several)ironsinthefire同時(shí)進(jìn)行數(shù)種不同的事情amanofiron鐵漢awomanofiron鐵女人★various adj.各種各樣的各式各樣的eg.Ofallthevariouswaysofcookinganegg,Ilikeboilingbest.在各種烹飪雞蛋方法中，我最喜歡煮雞蛋。forvariousreasons由于種種原因manyandvarious五花八門許多eg.Variouspeopleamongthosepresentthoughttheyhadheardtheaircraft.在場的人中許多人認(rèn)為他們聽到飛機(jī)的聲音了。variouslyadv.各種各樣地varietyn.變化，多樣性eg.Shedidn’tlikethework,becauseitlackedvariety.種種eg.Everyonearrivedlateatthepartyforavarietyofreasons.每一個(gè)在聚會上遲到的人都有種種原因。varietymeat(美語，委婉）（指牲畜的心、頭、腦等部分）雜肉varietyshow綜藝節(jié)目varietystore雜貨鋪(美）★machinery n.機(jī)器(械)[u](集合稱)agreatdealofmachinery許多機(jī)器asewingmachine縫紉機(jī)amachinetool機(jī)床，工作母機(jī)★display n.展覽n.陳列，展示eg.beondisplay在展覽Manypricelessphotographsareondisplay.許多珍貴照片在展出。adisplayofskill技術(shù)表演adisplayoffruit陳列的水果adisplayofmilitarymight軍事力量的展示v.陳列，展示，表露=showeg.todisplayfruitinashop在店里擺水果todisplayone’struefeelings流露出真實(shí)感情todisplayone’swealth炫耀財(cái)富todisplaygoodsforsale陳列商品displayone’signorance顯示出無知★steam n.蒸汽[u]煮沸時(shí)所冒出的蒸汽，水氣eg.asteamengine蒸汽機(jī)steamboat汽艇；汽船=steamedbread饅頭steamiron蒸汽熨斗steamer蒸鍋(水冷卻時(shí)所形成的)露，水氣eg.Steamformedontheinsideofthekitchenwindows.凝結(jié)在廚房窗戶上的水氣。短語：letoffsteam消除心中的悶氣=workoffsteameg.Iwassoangry.Iworkedoffsteambytakingalongwalk.我很氣憤，我走了好久的路來消除心中的悶氣。fullsteamahead全速前進(jìn)getupsteam開始發(fā)動，開火起動underone’ssteam憑自己的力量或努力=underitsownsteam★profitn.利潤利潤eg.Hesoldhishouseataprofit;hemadeaprofitof1000&onthesale.他賣房子賺了錢，在這筆生意上他賺了1千英鎊。There’sverylittleprofitinsellinglandatpresent.現(xiàn)在賣地利潤很薄。(正式)利益eg.Theyareonlyinterestedinaquickprofit.他們急功近利。profitlessadj.無利益可言的eg.Itwouldbeprofitlesstodosuchafoolishthing.做這種愚蠢的事情是無利可言的。profitableadj.有用的，有利益的eg.Shespentaprofitabledaycleaningthehousethoroughly.她善用這一天，徹底地清掃了房子。短語：aclearprofit凈利agrossprofit毛利★college n.學(xué)院大學(xué)內(nèi)的學(xué)院eg.universityn.(綜合性的)大學(xué)（美國）大學(xué)collegiateadj.學(xué)院的，大學(xué)生的【Text】PerhapsthemostextraordinarybuildingofthenineteenthcenturywastheCrystalPalace,whichwasbuiltinHydeParkfortheGreatExhibitionof1851.TheCrystalPalacewasdifferentfromallotherbuildingsintheworld,foritwasmadeofironandglass.Itwasoneofthebiggestbuildingsofalltimeandalotofpeoplefrommanycountriescametoseeit.Agreatmanygoodsweresenttotheexhibitionfromvariouspartsoftheworld.Therewasalsoagreatdealofmachineryondisplay.ThemostwonderfulpieceofmachineryonshowwasNasmyth'ssteamhammer.Thoughinthosedays,travelingwasnotaseasyasitistoday,steamboatscarriedthousandsofvisitorsacrosstheChannelfromEurope.OnarrivinginEngland,theyweretakentotheCrystalPalacebytrain.Thereweresixmillionvisitorsinall,andtheprofitsfromtheexhibitionwereusedtobuildmuseumsandcolleges.Later,theCrystalPalacewasmovedtoSouthLondon.Itremainedoneofthemostfamousbuildingsintheworlduntilitwasburntdownin1936.參考譯文19世紀(jì)最不尋常的建筑也許要數(shù)水晶宮了，它是為1851年的“世界博覽會”而建在海德公園的。這座水晶宮不同于世界上所有的其他建筑，因?yàn)樗怯娩摵筒ＡЫǔ傻?。它是有史以來最高大的建筑物之一，因此，人們從各個(gè)國家紛紛前來參觀。大量的商品從世界各地運(yùn)送到了博覽會，參展的還有很多機(jī)器，其中最奇妙的是內(nèi)史密斯的蒸汽錘。盡管在當(dāng)時(shí)旅行不像現(xiàn)在這么容易，但汽船還是把成千上萬的參觀者從歐洲大陸送過了英吉利海峽。一到英國，火車就把他們送到了水晶宮。參觀的人數(shù)總共是600萬。博覽會的贏利用來建造博物館和高等學(xué)校。后來，“水晶宮”被移到了倫敦南部。在1936年被焚毀之前，它一直是世界上最著名的建筑物之一。【課文講解】PerhapsthemostextraordinarybuildingofthenineteenthcenturywastheCrystalPalace,whichwasbuiltinHydeParkfortheGreatExhibitionof1851.whichwasbuiltinHydePark中which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，對所修飾的詞作進(jìn)一步說明。（非限定性定語從句，前面用逗號隔開，在修飾物時(shí)用which,修飾人時(shí)用who,whom或whose,不用that。）eg.Shehadeightchildren,threeofwhomlivedtogrowup.她有8個(gè)孩子，3個(gè)已經(jīng)長大成人了。Oneherdsman,wholooksafter800sheepatmost,earnsabout690yuanayear.一個(gè)照料800只羊的牧羊人每年大概賺690元。（非限定性定語從句也可由where或when引導(dǎo)）eg.Intheolddays,whenIwasalittleboy,thecityhadnoindustrytospeakof.在舊社會，當(dāng)我還小的時(shí)候，這個(gè)城市根本沒工業(yè)可言。TheywillflytoKunming,wheretheyplantostayfortwoorthreedays,andthengoontoGuilin.他們將飛往昆明，計(jì)劃待2、3天，然后飛往桂林。theGreatExhibition世界博覽會2、TheCrystalPalacewasdifferentfromallotherbuildingsintheworld,foritwasmadeofironandglass.bedifferentfrom…與……不同bemadeof…用…制造（指原材料沒有發(fā)生化學(xué)上的變化）bemadefrom…用…制造（造出的成品跟原材料不同）bemadein+時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)eg.Breadismadefromwheat.面包是由小麥制成的。3、Itwasoneofthebiggestbuildingsofalltimeandalotofpeoplefrommanycountriescametoseeit.“oneof=最高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的語氣比直接用形容詞最高級+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)要緩和些，不那么絕對。ofalltime空前的，有史以來（常與形容詞的最高級連用，表示范圍）4、Agreatmanygoodsweresenttotheexhibitionfromvariouspartsoftheworld.agreatmany大量的=agoodmanygoods[c]=modity[c]=merchandise[u]variouspartsoftheworld世界不同國家allpartsoftheworld世界各地allovertheworld遍布世界5、Therewasalsoagreatdealofmachineryondisplay.therebe結(jié)構(gòu)agreatdealof+[u]許多，大量machinery[u]n.機(jī)器，機(jī)械裝置（集合名詞，與單數(shù)動詞搭配）某個(gè)具體的機(jī)器可用machine或者apieceofmachinery來表示：ondisplay=onshow展出，陳列有關(guān)介詞on的短語：eg.HehasgonetoFrankfurtonbusiness.他去法蘭克福出差了。出差I(lǐng)didn’tcatchthebus.Icamehereonfoot.我沒趕上公車，我走著來的。步行Iaskedtoseetheofficeronduty.我看見官員在值班。值班Onthewhole(=allinall),ithasbeenaverysuccessfulyear.總的來說，這是成功的一年。Lookatthatsmoke.Thatbuildingmustbeonfire.看那個(gè)煙。那幢大樓一定著火了。Idon’tthinkitwasanaccident.Hediditonpurpose.我不認(rèn)為那是個(gè)事故。他是故意的。Ontheaverage,Imadesixtelephonecallsaday.我平均每天打6個(gè)。Youmustn’tonanyaccountsignthecontractbeforeyoureadit.(not…onanyaccount絕不可以，切莫）絕不可以在讀完合同前簽字。IknowIhadagreedtoletyougotothecinema,butonsecondthoughts,youshouldstayathomeandfinishyourhomework.我知道我曾答應(yīng)讓你去看電影，但經(jīng)過重新考慮，你應(yīng)該呆在家里把作業(yè)寫完。6、ThemostwonderfulpieceofmachineryonshowwasNasmyth'ssteamhammer.themostwonderful最奇妙的（最高級）7、Thoughinthosedays,travelingwasnotaseasyasitistoday,steamboatscarriedthousandsofvisitorsacrosstheChannelfromEurope.notaseasyasitistoday不像今天這么容易thousandsof成千上萬hundredsof成百上千millionsof數(shù)以百萬計(jì)8、OnarrivinginEngland,theyweretakentotheCrystalPalacebytrain.on+v.ing一…就（前后主語必須一致）eg.Onhearingthenews,weburstintocheers.一聽到這個(gè)消息，我們就歡呼起來。take…to送去bring…from帶來fetch去?。p向動作）9、Thereweresixmillionvisitorsinall,andtheprofitsfromtheexhibitionwereusedtobuildmuseumsandcolleges.inall總共，合計(jì)allinall從各方面來考慮，從各方面來說allornothing(指行動過程）需要竭盡全力atall根本，絲毫notatall根本不one’sall自己所有的一切，生命10、Later,theCrystalPalacewasmovedtoSouthLondon.movefrom…to…搬遷，遷徙eg.TheymovedfromTaiantoNanjing.他們從泰安搬到了南京。We’regoingtomovetoahouseinthesuburbs.我們準(zhǔn)備搬到郊區(qū)的一棟房子。movev.使（某人）感動，使動心eg.Hisperformanceofthepianomovedusgreatly.他的鋼琴表演深深感動了我們。11、Itremainedoneofthemostfamousbuildingsintheworlduntilitwasburntdownin1936.themostfamous最著名的（最高級）remain在這里為系動詞，表示“保持不變，仍然”（后面可跟形容詞、名詞、動名詞等）eg.Heremainedsilent.他保持沉默。burnsth.down（將某物）焚為平地，燒得精光eg.Thehouseburntdowninhalfanhour.半小時(shí)之內(nèi)房子燒毀了。【KeyStructures】形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級比較級：+er/more+adj./adv.最高級：+est/(the)most+adj./adv.【SpecialDifficulties】帶on的短語：ondisplay/show展出，陳列Thisisthebestdressondisplay/show.這是展出的最好的衣服。onbusiness因公（與forpleasure相對）LastmonthhewenttoNewYorkonbusinessandhadlittletimetovisitfriends.onfoot步行（與bybus，bycar，byair等相對）Iusuallygotoworkbycar,butthismorningIwentonfoot.onduty值班，值班的ItwasSundayandtherewasonlyonedoctoronduty.onthewhole總的看來，總的來說，大體上Onthewhole,heisahardworkingstudent.onfire起火，著火Soonthewholebuildingwasonfire.onpurpose故意地，有意地，特意地（與bychance相對）Theyhaveehereonpurposetoseeyou.Shebrokethevaseonpurpose.ontheaverage平均，通常Ontheaverage,heworksmorethantenhoursaday.onanyaccount無論如何，不管怎么說（通常用否定句）Donotinterrup