新高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)練第1部分閱讀理解與閱讀七選五專題1第2 題型突破推理判斷題 (含解析)

第2講題型突破——推理判斷題推理判斷是指在理解原文字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)對(duì)語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析和細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，作出一定的判斷和推理，從而得出文章的深層意義及隱含意義的過(guò)程。推理判斷題主要考查考生理清上下文邏輯關(guān)系的能力以及考生的邏輯推理能力。它所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是某幾句話，要求考生在遵循原文意義的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)文章字面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘、邏輯推理，揭示其深層含義。根據(jù)近幾年高考真題來(lái)看，推斷隱含意義、寫(xiě)作意圖、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度為高頻考點(diǎn)，而推斷下段內(nèi)容、文章出處、讀者對(duì)象為低頻考點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)特征技法一隱含推斷題——關(guān)鍵詞句細(xì)推敲隱含推斷題要求考生根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容，推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根據(jù)短文提供的信息，或者借助語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行推理判斷?？忌挥姓_把握文章的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，理解關(guān)鍵詞句的真正含義，才可能作出準(zhǔn)確的推斷。一般題干主要包括六個(gè)動(dòng)詞：infer(推斷)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(得出結(jié)論)和assume(假定，設(shè)想)。設(shè)問(wèn)方式1．Whatcanweinferfrom...？/Whatcanbeinferredabout...?2．Whatcanwelearnabout...？/Whatdoweknowabout...?3．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes...?解此類試題常用“推敲關(guān)鍵詞句”法。解題流程如下：(2022·全國(guó)甲·D片段)EverywhereinSydneythesedays，changeandprogressarethewatchwords(口號(hào))，andtraditionsareincreasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzgerald，thecity’sofficialhistorian，toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s，Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast，includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.“Sydneyisconfusedaboutitself，”shesaid.“Wecan’tseemtomakeupourmindswhetherwewantamoderncityoratraditionalone.It’saconflictthatwearen’tgettinganybetteratresolving(解決)．”O(jiān)ntheotherhand，beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.“Manypeoplesaythatwelackcultureinthiscountry，”hetoldme.“WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians，whentheycametoAustralia，brought2，000yearsoftheirculture，theGreekssome3，000years，andtheChinesemorestill.We’vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.It’saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”Heisright，butIcan’thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.34．WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?A．Itislosingitstraditions.B．Itshouldspeedupitsprogress.C．Itshouldexpanditspopulation.D．Itisbecomingmoreinternational.答案A解析推理判斷題。依據(jù)題干定位細(xì)節(jié)，即上文第一段中的“...traditionsareincreasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzgerald，thecity’sofficialhistorian，toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s，Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast，includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.”，揣摩此細(xì)節(jié)可知，ShirleyFitzgerald認(rèn)為悉尼匆忙奔向現(xiàn)代化，正在失去它的傳統(tǒng)。故選A。35．Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A．Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.B．Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.C．Modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.D．Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.答案A解析推理判斷題。依據(jù)題干定位細(xì)節(jié)，即上文第二段中的“Ontheotherhand，beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.”和最后一段中的“Heisright”，揣摩此細(xì)節(jié)可知，作者贊同Anthony的觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為一座城市可以同時(shí)既年輕又古老。故選A。技法二觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題——“忠于措辭”定選項(xiàng)所謂作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度，就是表達(dá)作者對(duì)某個(gè)話題、行為、事件的看法、感覺(jué)或判斷。作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度一般分為三大類：支持、贊同、樂(lè)觀；客觀、中立；反對(duì)、批評(píng)、懷疑、悲觀。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間。因此，在推斷過(guò)程中，應(yīng)特別注意文中作者的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞或副詞。此類試題往往讓考生推斷文章作者或文中人物對(duì)某事所持的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)或看法，或推斷文中人物的語(yǔ)氣、性格等。設(shè)問(wèn)方式1．Whydidtheauthorliketo...？/Whatdoestheauthorthinkof...？/Whydoestheauthormention...?2．Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudeto...？/Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes...?3．Whatistheauthor’sattitudeto...?解此類試題常用“忠于措辭”法。解題流程如下：(2021·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ·D片段)Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport，theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重視)onemotionbyemployers，educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.34．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A．Favorable. B．Intolerant.C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.答案A解析觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。依據(jù)“忠于措辭法”。本段含有beneficial，positive，helped等褒義措辭，由此可推知，作者對(duì)情商普及化是支持的。故選A。技法三寫(xiě)作意圖題——文體特點(diǎn)推意圖各種話題的閱讀材料都可能考查寫(xiě)作目的/意圖題。通常情況下，作者在文中不直接陳述自己的意圖，而是通過(guò)文中所列事物使讀者感受到其所傳遞的想法。所以，這種題型要求考生具備對(duì)作者闡述的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)和分析的能力。設(shè)問(wèn)方式1．整篇文章的寫(xiě)作目的/意圖：(1)Theauthorwritesthispassageinorderto________.(2)Thepurposeofthetextisto________.(3)Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?(4)Theauthorofthestorywants/intendstotellusthat________.2．某處細(xì)節(jié)的寫(xiě)作目的/意圖：(1)Theauthoruses...inthefirstparagraphto________.(2)Theauthorusestheexampleof...to____________________________________________.(3)Theauthorwritesthelastparagraphinorderto________.(4)Inwritingparagraph1，theauthoraimsto________.解此類試題常用“文體特點(diǎn)推意圖”法。解題流程如下：(2020·天津·D片段)Afteryearsofobservinghumannature，Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformance：curiosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.Together，thesedeephumanurges(驅(qū)策力)countformuchmorethanambition.GalileowasnotmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.LikeGalileo，allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent，“Why?Why?Why？”Fortunately，curiosityanddiscontentdon’thavetobelearned.Wearebornwiththemandneedonlyrecapturethem.“Thegreatman，”saidMencius(孟子)，“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.Andthecrowddesiresonlythecalmandrestfulaverage.Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner，toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark，tobesatisfied.Mostofusmeetnewpeople，andnewideas，withhesitation.Butoncehavingmetandlikedthem，wethinkhowterribleitwouldhavebeen，hadwemissedthechance.Wewillprobablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenourcuriosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.Howshouldyoustart？Modestly，soasnottobecomediscouraged.Ithinkofonefriendwhocouldn’tarrangeflowerstosatisfyherself.Shewascuriousabouthowtheexpertsdidit.Nowsheisoneoftheexperts，writingbooksonflowerarrangementHoweveryoustart，rememberthereisnobettertimetostartthanrightnow，foryou’llneverbemorealivethanyouareatthismoment.51．Inwritingparagraph1，theauthoraimsto________.A．proposeadefinitionB．makeacomparisonC．reachaconclusionD．presentanargument答案D解析寫(xiě)作意圖題。本文是一篇議論文，按照“文體特點(diǎn)推意圖”法，此篇議論文開(kāi)篇明義，闡述了作者對(duì)成功人士必備品質(zhì)的看法，下面各段都是圍繞著這一看法展開(kāi)的，故選D項(xiàng)“提出論點(diǎn)”。技法四文章出處題/讀者對(duì)象題——內(nèi)容細(xì)節(jié)巧判斷文章出處題要求考生具備一定的常識(shí)，能夠根據(jù)文章的體裁和題材來(lái)推斷文章的出處或類別。讀者對(duì)象推斷題要求考生根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和文中的措辭推斷文章的讀者對(duì)象。設(shè)問(wèn)方式1．Wherecanthetextbefound?2．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?3．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?4．Whomaythetextbeintendedfor?5．Whoisthepassagemainlywrittenfor?6．Whoarethemostpossiblereadersofthepassage?解此類試題常用“內(nèi)容細(xì)節(jié)巧判斷”法。解題流程如下：(2021·全國(guó)甲·A片段)Takeaview，theLandscape(風(fēng)景)PhotographeroftheYearAward，wastheideaofCharlieWaite，oneoftoday’smostrespectedlandscapephotographers.Eachyear，thehighstandardofentrieshasshownthattheAwardsaretheperfectplatformtoshowcasetheverybestphotographyoftheBritishlandscape.TakeaviewisadesirableannualcompetitionforphotographersfromallcornersoftheUKandbeyond.MikeShepherd(2011)SkiddawinWinterCumbria，England...TimothySmith(2014)MacclesfieldForestCheshire，England...23.Wherecanthetextbefound?A．Inahistorybook. B．Inanovel.C．Inanartmagazine. D．Inabiography.答案C解析文章出處題。依內(nèi)容判出處，本文主要介紹了“Takeaview”年度風(fēng)景攝影師大賽的背景以及2011年和2014年的獲獎(jiǎng)作品信息，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，這類文章應(yīng)該出自藝術(shù)雜志。故選C。AHaveyoueverspenthalfanhoursearchingtheInternetwhich，asyoufindoutafterwards，lastedthreehours，oropenedabookshortlyafterbreakfastandalittlewhilelaternoticedthattheroomwasgettingdarker?Mostpeoplecanrememberexperiencingsuchastate.Yourmindwasn’twandering；youweretotallyfocusedandconcentratedonthatactivity，tosuchanextentthatyouwerenotevenawareofyourself.Psychologistscallthesefullyabsorbingexperiencesflowstates，whichwerediscoveredandnamedbyaworld-famouspsychologistMihalyCsikszentmihalyi.HiscelebratedbookFlow：ThePsychologyofHappinessbecameaninstantbest-seller，makingitswaytothetopself-helpclassics.Thestateofflowhappensunderveryspecificconditions—whenweencounterachallengethatistestingforourskills，andyetourskillsandcapacitiesaresuchthatitisjustaboutpossibletomeetthischallenge.Soboththechallengeandtheskillsareathighlevels，stretchingusalmosttothelimit.Ifchallengesexceedskills，onecanbecomeanxious.Ifskillsexceedchallenges，weusuallybecomebored.Neitherofthesetwocasesresultinflow.Whatisalsointerestinginflowisthealmosttotalabsenceofemotionsduringtheactualprocess.Oneseemstobealmostbeyondexperiencingemotions，mostlikelybecausetheawarenessofselfisnotpresent.Mihalyhimselfisalsoverymuchawareofthepotentialnegativeimpactoftheflow.Onephilosopheroncedescribeshisownexperienceofflow：“WhenIgettotallyinvolvedintheconversation，Iamnotawareofmyself，theworldaroundorthepassageoftime.Sometimes，Imaybecomeaddictedtothatexistence，unwillingtocopewithotherdailyroutinesoflife，likeforgettingdinner，andsayinggoodbyetomychildren.”eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文介紹了“心流狀態(tài)”的含義，發(fā)生的條件以及缺點(diǎn)。)1．Whatisthepurposeofparagraph1?A．Toofferageneralbackgroundofthetopic.B．Tomakeanoveralloutlineforthepassage.C．Tointroducethetopicofthepassage.D．Toclarifythedefinitionofthetopic.答案C解析寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容和后文內(nèi)容可推知，第一段的目的是為了引出“心流狀態(tài)”這一文章主題。故選C。2．Inwhichofthefollowingexperiencescanweenter“flowstate”？A．Adoptingadog.B．WatchingTV.C．Playingchess.D．Arguingwithothers.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一、二句可推知，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有“下棋”可以考驗(yàn)我們的技能，而我們的能力也可以應(yīng)對(duì)這個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，能讓我們進(jìn)入“心流狀態(tài)”。故選C。3．Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?A．Thestateofflowislittleconditional.B．Geniusesatnormalschoolsoftengetbored.C．Challengesathighlevelspushustothelimit.D．Skillsplaythemostimportantpartinflow.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句可推知，天才屬于技能超過(guò)了挑戰(zhàn)，所以在普通學(xué)校經(jīng)常感到無(wú)聊。故選B。4．Whydoesthewriterquotethephilosopher’swords?A．Toshowthedrawbacksoftheflow.B．Tostressthevalueofself-awareness.C．Tounderlinetheabsenceofemotions.D．Toindicatethedifficultyofenjoyingtheflow.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Mihalyhimselfisalsoverymuchawareofthepotentialnegativeimpact...sayinggoodbyetomychildren.”可推知，作者引用哲學(xué)家的話是為了表明“心流狀態(tài)”的缺點(diǎn)。故選A。B(2022·河南許平汝聯(lián)盟模擬)TheSouthPolehasbeenwarmingatmorethanthreetimestheglobalaverageoverthepast30years，accordingtoresearchledbyOhioUniversityprofessorRyanFogt，andKyleClem，whoisacurrentpostdoctoralresearchfellowinclimatescience.Accordingtothestudy，thiswarmingperiodwasmainlydrivenbynaturaltropical(熱帶的)climatevariabilityandwasmostlikelystrengthenedbyincreasesingreenhousegases.ClemandhisteamanalyzedweatherstationdataattheSouthPole，aswellasclimatemodelstoexaminethewarmingintheAntarcticinterior(內(nèi)陸)．Theyfoundthatbetween1989and2018，theSouthPolehadwarmedbyabout1.8℃overthepast30yearsatarateof＋0.6℃perdecade—threetimestheglobalaverage.ThestudyalsofoundthatthestrongwarmingovertheAntarcticinteriorinthelast30yearswasmainlydrivenbythetropics，especiallywarmoceantemperaturesinthewesterntropicalPacificOceanthatchangedthewindsintheSouthAtlanticnearAntarcticaandincreasedthedeliveryofwarmairtotheSouthPole.TheysuggesttheseatmosphericchangesalongAntarctica’scoastareanimportantmechanismdrivingclimateanomalies(異常事物)initsinterior.ClemandFogtarguethatthesewarmingtrendswereunlikelytheresultofnaturalclimatechangealone，stressingtheeffectsofaddedwarmingrelatedtohumanactivitiesontopofthelargetropicalclimatesignalonAntarcticclimatehaveworkedtogethertomakethisoneofthestrongestwarmingtrendsworldwide.“Fromtheverybeginning，KyleandIworkedverywelltogetherandwereabletoaccomplishmoreasateamthanwewereindividually，”Fogtsaid.“Wehavepublishedeveryyeartogethersince2013，withoneofourcontinuingcollaborationsbeingtheannualStateoftheClimatereports.OurworkonthisprojecttogethereachyearultimatelyledtothispublicationdocumentingthewarmingattheSouthPole.However，mostimportantlyformyfamilyandme，apartfrombeingafantasticscientistandcollaborator，Kyleisalsoconsideredasoneofourclosestfriends.”eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了南極地區(qū)氣溫異常增高及其原因。)5．WhatisthemajorcauseoftheSouthPole’swarmingaccordingtotheresearch?A．Theweatherstation.B．Lackofwinds.C．Increasesofgreenhousegases.D．Naturaltropicalclimatechange.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)南極氣溫異常升高主要是因?yàn)闊釒У貐^(qū)的氣候變化。故選D。6．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．ThetropicalclimatesignalsintheAntarcticinterior.B．Theeffectofhumanactivitiesonthewarmingtrends.C．ThedetailedexplanationfortheSouthPole’swarming.D．Theunpleasantconsequencesofnaturalclimatechange.答案C解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，太平洋西部熱帶地區(qū)海洋溫度升高改變了靠近南極洲的南大西洋風(fēng)向，進(jìn)而向南極輸送了更多溫暖的氣流，由此造成了南極變暖。因此可知，本段主要是對(duì)南極變暖的詳細(xì)說(shuō)明。故選C。7．WhichofthefollowingdoesFogtmostprobablyagreeon?A．Cooperationisvaluedinscientificresearch.B．Gettingsciencepaperpublishedisdifficult.C．Friendshipismoreimportantthanscience.D．Familysupportplaysakeyroleinscience.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Fromtheverybeginning，KyleandIworked...documentingthewarmingattheSouthPole.”可知，F(xiàn)ogt和好友的研究成果的取得離不開(kāi)他們的合作。由此可知，F(xiàn)ogt非常看重科學(xué)研究中的合作。故選A。8．Fromwhichisthetextmostprobablytaken?A．Achemistrytextbook.B．Asciencemagazine.C．Atravelbrochure.D．Asciencenovel.答案B解析文章出處題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了南極地區(qū)氣溫異常增高及其成因，這屬于科學(xué)研究的范疇。因此，本文最有可能出自“科學(xué)雜志”。故選B。強(qiáng)化練(四)推理判斷題(1)AHaveyouevernoticedthatsomepeoplecaneatwhattheywantandstayinshape，whileotherscarefullywatchwhattheyeatandstillputonweight？Howfrustrating!However，scientistsarebeginningtobelievethatsomepeoplegettheabilitytostaythinfromtheirparents.Scientistssaythatwhensomepeopleeat，theirbodieswillnaturallystoretheexcessenergyfromfoodasfat.Thesepeoplegainweightiftheyeatmorethantheyneedeachday.Meanwhile，otherpeopleeatmorethantheyneedbuttheirbodiesareableto“burnoff”theextrafoodwithoutmakingfat，sotheyrarelyhaveweightproblems.Toshowthatthisistrue，scientistshaveexperimentedonlaboratorymice.Theygavethemiceaspecialdietwithalotoffat.Somemicegainedweightwhiletheothermicestayedthin，eventhoughbothgroupsofmiceatethesameamountoffoodandgotthesameamountofexercise.Scientistsconcludedthatweightgainseemedtobeinfluencedbygeneticfactors.Theyalsobelievetheyhavenowidentifiedthegenesthatmaycausethistendency.Thesegenes，accordingtothescientists，getpasseddownthegenerations.Armedwiththisknowledge，theybelieveitmaybepossibletodevelopmedicinesthatcantargetthegenesandstoppeoplefromgainingweight.Thestudyofweightgainisbecomingmoreimportantasthenumberofpeoplewhoareoverweightcontinuestogrow.IntheUnitedStates，overseventypercentofthepopulationhaveweightproblems.Thismeanstheyareatriskofillnessessuchashighbloodpressureandheartdisease.Currentmedicinesforweightcontroldonotworkverywellbecausetheycanhaveserioussideeffects，suchasheartproblems.However，ittakesalongtimetodevelopandthoroughlytestnewdrugs.Therefore，despitethisbreakthroughinthestudyofweight-lossdrugs，scientistsandhealthprofessionalsallagreethatcurrentlythebestwaytocontrolweightgainistohaveahealthy，balanceddietandanactivelifestylewithdailyexercise.Thiswillnotonlyhelppeopleavoidbecomingoverweight，butalsohelpthemstayhealthyandenergetic.語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹科學(xué)家們通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了人們體重增長(zhǎng)的原因并建議我們養(yǎng)成健康的生活方式。1．Accordingtothescientists，whydosomepeoplegainweighteasily?A．Becausetheirgenescausethetendency.B．Becausetheirbodiesdonotmakefat.C．Becausetheirbodiesstoreenergyfromfoodasfat.D．Becausetheyeatmorethantheyneedeachday.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第四、五句可知，體重增加是受到了遺傳因素的影響。故推知有些人容易增加體重是因?yàn)樗麄兊幕蛟斐闪诉@種趨勢(shì)。故選A。2．Whatdoweknowabouttheexperiment?A．Theydidtheexperimenttofindthegenesthatstoppeoplefromgainingweight.B．Theydidtheexperimenttofindthereasonwhypeoplegainweight.C．Theydidtheexperimenttoshowtheimportanceofhealthyfood.D．Theydidtheexperimenttoshowtheimportanceofregularexercise.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容和第三段首句可知，科學(xué)家們是為了尋找人們體重增加的原因，證明他們的判斷是正確的，做了這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。故選B。3．Whatmayleadtohighbloodpressureaccordingtothestudy?A．Thebalanceddiet. B．Theweightproblems.C．Thelackofexercise. D．Thelackofdrugs.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二、三句可知，體重問(wèn)題會(huì)導(dǎo)致高血壓。故選B。4．Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraphofthetext?A．Toinformusofserioussideeffectsoftheweight-lossdrugs.B．Tointroduceabreakthroughoftheweight-lossdrugs.C．Toadviseustodevelopahealthylifestyle.D．Toencourageustodevelopandtestnewdrugs.答案C解析寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句可知，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為均衡的飲食和積極的生活方式和日常鍛煉是保持健康的最佳方式。由此推知，最后一段的目的是建議我們養(yǎng)成健康的生活方式。故選C。B(2022·安徽蚌埠三模)ZhangFan，36，amovievisualeffectsdesignerwhoreturnedtoBeijingfromNewZealandforworklastyear，wassurprisedbytheimprovementtothecity’sairquality.“IrememberthesmellintheairandthefrequentsmoggydaysbeforeIleftin2013，aftergettingajobofferfromafilmcompanyinNewZealand，”hesaid.Lastyear，aChinesecompanyofferedZhangamorepromisingposition，sohereturned，sayingthathecouldfindmoreopportunitiesinhislineofworkinBeijingthanelsewhere.InadditiontorapideconomicdevelopmentintheChinesecapital，hesaidthemostimpressivechangeisthelocalairquality.“PeoplediscussedairpollutionalotwhenIwasinBeijingpreviously.Now，itseemsthatthetopichasdisappearedcompletely，aseverydayisgoodintermsofairquality，”Zhangsaid.“TheskyinBeijingthesedaysissoclear.”O(jiān)nJan.4，themunicipalauthoritiesinBeijingannouncedacomprehensivesuccessinimprovingairquality，withthecity’sannualaverageconcentrationofPM2.5intheairfallingto33microgramspercubicmeter，andozone(臭氧)concentrationdroppingto149mcgpercubicmeterlastyear.YuJianhua，spokesmanfortheBeijingMunicipalEcologyandEnvironmentBureau，saidatanewsconference，“ThisisamilestoneforBeijing’shardworkinfightingairpollutionandalsomeansthatthecityhasmetitsairqualitytargetoutlinedinthe14thFive-YearPlan(2021－2025)aheadofschedule.Beijinghasdemonstratedtotheworldoverthepast20yearsthatamegacitywitharapidlyincreasingGDP，vehiclecount，populationandenergyconsumptioncanmoveforwardtocutairpollutioneffectively.ThePM2.5reductionoverthepastfewyearshassurpassedthatofdevelopedcountriesduringthesameperiod.”AccordingtotheBureau，thecity’saverageconcentrationofPM2.5droppedby63percentlastyearfrom2013，anaverageannualreductionofabout8percent.Thecityexperienced288daysofgoodairqualitylastyear—upfrom112daysin2013—andjusteightdaysofheavyairpollution.Thisachievementiscleartoseeandexciting，butithasnotbeeneasywork.語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要講述了在政府有力的措施和百姓的努力下，北京近些年的空氣質(zhì)量有了極大改善。5．WhydidZhangFanreturntoBeijing?A．Hewastiredofhislifeabroad.B．Hehasadeepaffectionforthecity.C．Thecity’sairqualityhasimproved.D．Agoldenchancewasofferedtohim.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Lastyear，aChinesecompanyofferedZhangamorepromisingposition，sohereturned...hislineofworkinBeijingthanelsewhere.”可知，ZhangFan得到了一個(gè)很好的工作機(jī)會(huì)，所以回到了北京。故選D。6．Howdothemunicipalauthoritiesshowtheimprovementinthecity’sairquality?A．Byusingexamples.B．Byusingfigures.C．Byofferingexperimentalfindings.D．Bycitingpersonalexperience.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，市政府主要通過(guò)列數(shù)據(jù)的方式來(lái)展示空氣質(zhì)量的提升。故選B。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mega”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Huge. B．Rich.C．Civilized. D．Noted.答案A解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞所在句中的“witharapidlyincreasingGDP，vehiclecount，populationandenergyconsumption”可知，北京GDP增速快、汽車數(shù)量迅速上升，同時(shí)人口劇烈增長(zhǎng)還伴隨著大量的能源消耗，由此推知“mega”意指北京是一個(gè)超級(jí)大都市。故選A。8．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Business. B．Fashion.C．Environment. D．Entertainment.答案C解析文章出處題。第一段通過(guò)具體的事例來(lái)引入本文的主題——北京的空氣質(zhì)量；第二段政府宣布空氣質(zhì)量改善取得成功；以及第二三四段通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)表明了北京的空氣質(zhì)量改善的情況。綜上可知，本篇文章可能出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的環(huán)境欄目。故選C。C(2022·河南安陽(yáng)重點(diǎn)高中模擬)Youmighthaveevernoticedhowsomepeoplecaneffortlesslytalktoanyonetheymeet，nomatterhowdifferenttheirbackgroundsare.Oryoumayhaveseenthatonepersonwhoalwaysoffendssomeone，nomatterwhatthetopicofconversationis.Thesetwosituationsdescribehowwecandifferinourabilitiestointeract，getalongwith，andrelatetoothersaroundus.Inthesamewaythatwevaryintraditionalacademiccompetencies，wecanvaryinhowsociallycompetentweare.Afteryearsofacademicresearchanddevelopment，thissocialabilityisnowcommonlyreferredtoas“socialintelligence”．Socialintelligenceistheabilitytounderstandotherpeople，howtheywork，whatmotivatesthem，andhowtoworkcooperativelywiththem.Itisarelationship-basedconstructthatcentersonthewayweunderstandothers，interactwithothers，andpresentourselvestoothers.Asanexample，youwouldnotspeakinthesamewaytowardyour70-year-oldmotherasyouwouldtoyour16-year-olddaughter.Inourworkinglives，wecomeacrossdifferentsocialgroupsincludingthosefromdifferentcountries，varyingagegroupsandculturalidentities.Beingabletoacknowledgeandunderstandpeople’sdifferentbackgroundsisakeywaytoconnectwiththem.Ourabilitytonavigatesuccessfullythroughourlivesreliesheavilyonourlevelsofsocialintelligence.Itcanaffecttherelationshipsweformwithourpartnersandchildren，thefriendshipcirclesthatwebuild，andourabilitytoprogressinourcareersandambitions.Giventheimportanceofsocialintelligenceinmultipleaspectsoflife，itisthereforeinourbestinteresttobetterunderstandtheconceptofsocialintelligenceandtakethefollowingwaystoimproveit.語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了“社交智力”這個(gè)概念以及人們?cè)谏缃恢橇ι鲜怯胁町惖摹?．Whatisthefirstparagraphintendedtoshow?A．Academicresearchvariesfrompersontoperson.B．Creativecompetenciesarecrucialtoone’sresearch.C．Therearedifferencesinpeople’ssocialintelligence.D．People’ssocialabilitiesdependontheirbackgrounds.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后三句可推知，本段主要展示了“社交智力”這個(gè)概念以及人們?cè)谏缃恢橇ι鲜怯胁町惖?。故選C。10．Whydoestheauthorusetheexampleofa70-year-oldmotheranda16-year-olddaughter?A．Tosincerelypresentafact.B．Tofurtherclarifyaconcept.C．Toclearlyshowanattitude.D．Tofinallydrawaconclusion.答案B解析寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句話可推知，本段在介紹“社交智力”這個(gè)概念，所以后面舉70歲母親和16歲女兒的例子是為了進(jìn)一步闡述這個(gè)概念。故選B。11．Whatdoweknowfromthethirdparagraph?A．Ourrelationshipcirclesshouldbeenlarged.B．Betterunderstandingaconceptisimportant.C．Itisreallydifficulttoachieveone’sambition.D．Socialintelligencehasgreateffectsonourlives.答案D解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段第一、二句可知，本段主要介紹了社交智力水平會(huì)影響人們與伴侶和孩子之間的關(guān)系、建立的友誼圈以及在事業(yè)和抱負(fù)上取得進(jìn)步的能力。由此可知，我們可以了解到社交智力對(duì)我們的生活有很大影響。故選D。12．Whatmaybetalkedaboutfollowingthelastparagraph?A．Howtodefinesocialintelligence.B．Howtoclassifysocialintelligence.C．Howtoimprovesocialintelligence.D．Howtodealwithsocialintelligence.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句可知，因?yàn)樯缃恢橇?duì)我們的生活很重要，人們應(yīng)該采取以下的措施來(lái)提高它。由此推知，接下來(lái)的文章就要介紹如何提高社交智力。故選C。強(qiáng)化練(五)推理判斷題(2)AOnMonday，XuMengtaowonherfirstOlympicgoldinwomen’saerials(空中技巧)atthe2022BeijingWinterGames.ItwasnothardtoseewhatitmeantforXu：Whenthescore108.61cameupwitha“1”byhername，shepointedone，thentwofingerstotheskyandletoutascream.“Xuisoneofthehandfulofwomentoconsistentlytrythehigh-risktripleflips(三周空翻)overtheyears，”saidAmericanAshleyCaldwell，anothertriple-flipenthusiastwhofinishedfourth.“Whiletripleflipsarenotunheardofamongthewomen，thelistofathleteswhohavetriedthemconsistentlyisshort.AtthelasttwoOlympics，onlyfourofthe12finaliststriedtripleflipsinthefinalround.”Women’saerialsisasportfullofrisk-takersbutalltherisksareverycalculated.Sincethecompetitionsgothroughaseriesofqualifyingandelimination(淘汰)roundsthatincludeonlyonejumpeach，onlyaselectfewovertheyearshavebeenwillingtogiveupthecertaintyofasolidscorewithadoubleflipforthetripleflips.Xudoesn’tadoptthestrategyandkeepstryingthetripleflips.“Itaddsextrasomemightsayunnecessaryrisktotheearlyrounds，”Xuoncesaid.“ButI’mOKsacrificingsomegoodcompetitionresultstomakethesportlookgood.”FailuresatthelastthreeOlympicstestedthelimitsofhowmuchXuwaswillingtosacrifice.Inmeetaftermeet，fromVancouvertoSochitoPyeongchan，herstrategykeptherawayfromthegoldmedalbutshekeptpushinganyway.“It’sasenseofmissionaccomplished.Thisisawinningnightforwomen’saerials，too，”Xusaidaftertheawardceremony.“IfalotofgirlsaredoingtripleflipsupthereandIfall，therewouldstillbealotofgirlswhowoulddowell.IfImessup，that’sOK.”語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。十幾年來(lái)，徐夢(mèng)桃為了提高女子空中技巧運(yùn)動(dòng)的觀賞性，寧可冒著失去奧運(yùn)金牌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，也要堅(jiān)持三周空翻。1．WhatcanweinferfromAshleyCaldwell’swords?A．XuMengtaoisverysensitive.B．Noathletewantstotrythetripleflips.C．Womenarenotgoodrisk-takers.D．Mostathleteswanttoavoiduncertainties.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中AshleyCaldwell所說(shuō)的話和第三段內(nèi)容可推斷，大部分運(yùn)動(dòng)員避開(kāi)高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的三周空翻是為了避免得分的不確定性。故選D。2．WhydoesXuMengtaokeeptryingthetripleflips?A．Shereallylovesunnecessaryrisks.B．Shewantstoshowoffhernewtrick.C．Shehopestoattractmoregirlstoaerials.D．Shewishestomakethesportmoreenjoyable.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“ButI’mOKsacrificingsomegoodcompetitionresultstomakethesportlookgood.”可知，徐夢(mèng)桃堅(jiān)持三周空翻是希望提高空中技巧的觀賞性。故選D。3．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesXuMengtao?A．Determined. B．Curious.C．Calculating. D．Outgoing.答案A解析觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容可知，徐夢(mèng)桃雖然經(jīng)歷了很多次失敗，但她從未放棄。由此推知，她是一個(gè)意志堅(jiān)定的人。故選A。B(2022·陜西西安模擬)Inthenearfuture，insteadofgoingtoyourwardrobe(衣柜)tochoosesomethingtothrowonforyournextvideocall，youmightturntoyourvirtualwardrobetopickouta3Ddigitaldresstowear.Atleast，that’swhatanumberofpeopleinthefashionandtechspacearerelyingonasmorebusinesseslooktothepromiseofdigitalfashion.Moreover，thosevirtualclotheswon’tjustbeforyourvideocalls，butcouldeventuallybewornalloverthevirtualworld，andeventually，perhaps，viewedonyourbodyintherealworldthroughtheAugmentedReality(AR)glasses.“Therearemoreandmoresecondworlds，whereyoucanexpressyourself.Butthereisprobablyanunderestimationofthevaluebeingat