新高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)練第3部分書(shū)面表達(dá)與短文改錯(cuò)專題5第1 宏觀把握整體感知 (含解析)

第1講宏觀把握整體感知一般來(lái)說(shuō)，短文改錯(cuò)的材料篇幅較短，100詞左右，10～12個(gè)句子；難度不大，語(yǔ)篇中基本上無(wú)生僻的詞匯和怪、偏、難的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。短文改錯(cuò)的話題較常見(jiàn)，通常是敘述一件事情或說(shuō)明一個(gè)事物。從體裁上看，歷年高考試題中的短文改錯(cuò)以記敘文為主，兼顧說(shuō)明文、議論文和應(yīng)用文。短文改錯(cuò)通常從詞法、句法和行文邏輯三個(gè)角度設(shè)題，錯(cuò)誤類型有多詞、缺詞和錯(cuò)詞三種。短文改錯(cuò)10處錯(cuò)誤中，設(shè)錯(cuò)方式是有規(guī)律的，一般情況下，多詞、缺詞各1個(gè)，錯(cuò)詞8個(gè)，做完題后可按此規(guī)律進(jìn)行查驗(yàn)。年份卷別體裁主題考點(diǎn)主題語(yǔ)境主題語(yǔ)境內(nèi)容名詞動(dòng)詞、數(shù)詞連詞形容詞副詞代詞冠詞介詞2022全國(guó)乙卷議論文人與自我騎行與健康14210101全國(guó)甲卷記敘文人與自我家庭生活041122002021全國(guó)乙卷記敘文人與自我家庭生活14111101全國(guó)甲卷說(shuō)明文人與自我調(diào)查問(wèn)卷結(jié)果131022012020全國(guó)Ⅰ卷記敘文人與自我家庭生活13210111全國(guó)Ⅱ卷應(yīng)用文人與自我樂(lè)于學(xué)習(xí)11311102通過(guò)對(duì)近幾年的高考英語(yǔ)試題中短文改錯(cuò)的研究可以看出，命題者主要在行文邏輯、一致關(guān)系、連接手段、平行結(jié)構(gòu)、多詞少詞、母語(yǔ)干擾、冠詞使用、名詞數(shù)格、詞語(yǔ)搭配以及詞形辨析等方面進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)和考查。從出題頻率來(lái)看，考查最多的是動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤，其次是連詞的誤用、形容詞與副詞的轉(zhuǎn)換以及名詞、代詞的誤用等。因此在復(fù)習(xí)備考中，考生應(yīng)該有所側(cè)重。解題步驟口訣致勝動(dòng)詞形，名詞數(shù)；冠詞連詞常光顧；非謂語(yǔ)，細(xì)領(lǐng)悟；還要注意形和副；代詞格，常留心；習(xí)慣用法要記??；句子成分多分析；邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注。典例示范(2022·全國(guó)乙)Weallknowthatcyclingisaeq\f(greatly,great)①exercise.Adoctortellsmepeoplewhoeq\f(lives,live)②thelongestaredancersandcyclists.Maybeitisbecauseeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(of))③thecombinationoffreshair，smoothmovementandexercise.eq\f(Whether,If/When)④yourideabicycle，youdon’tusepetrol.Soeq\f(they,you)⑤arenotproducingcarbondioxideandnoteq\f(cause,causing)⑥airpollution.Justseehowcarshavebeen⑦takenoverourcities.Theyoftenrunathighspeeds，eq\f(what,which)⑧mayputourlivesindanger.Andthereeq\f(were,are)⑨t(yī)rafficjams，too.Ourcitieswillbebetterplacesifwereplacecarswitheq\f(bicycle,bicycles)⑩.動(dòng)詞形：②考查主謂一致。先行詞people是集合名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。故將lives改為live。⑦考查語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)cars與takeover之間是主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故去掉have后的been。⑨考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文時(shí)態(tài)可知，本句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故將were改為are。名詞數(shù)：⑩bicycle為可數(shù)名詞，由句中的cars和句意可知，此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故將bicycle改為bicycles。冠詞連詞常光顧：④考查狀語(yǔ)從句連接詞。句意：當(dāng)你騎自行車的時(shí)候你是不用汽油的。由句意可知，該句闡述的是一個(gè)事實(shí)，需用if或when引導(dǎo)；位于句首，注意首字母大寫(xiě)。故將Whether改為If或When。非謂語(yǔ)，細(xì)領(lǐng)悟：⑥考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。本句時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，連詞and連接兩個(gè)并列的現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)。故將cause改為causing。還要注意形和副：①考查形容詞。需用形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞exercise。故將greatly改為great。句子成分多分析：⑧考查定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，逗號(hào)后是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為前面的一句話，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用which引導(dǎo)。故將what改為which。③because表示“因?yàn)椤?，后面接從句，短語(yǔ)becauseof表示“因?yàn)椤?，后面接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞等作賓語(yǔ)，thecombinationoffreshair，smoothmovementandexercise是名詞短語(yǔ)。故在because后加of。邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注：⑤根據(jù)前一句中的人稱you可知，這里假設(shè)“你”騎自行車，前后人稱應(yīng)保持一致。故將they改為you。規(guī)律總結(jié)A(2022·江西上饒一模)OnabrightNovemberday，agracefulEnglishladywalkintoacozybookshopintheheartofLondon’sChinatown.ShepickedupaorderlypileofNewYearcardsandcalendarsdecoratingwithbeautifulChinesepapercuttingpatternsandChineseinkpaintings.Thenshewarmgreetedtheshopassistant.Theladywas91-year-oldPamelaYoudewhosehusbandwasthelateSirEdwardYoude，whichservedasthegovernorofHongKongbetween1982andin1986.Forseveraldecade，YoudehasbeenaloyalcustomerofGuanghwaBookshop.Everywinter，apartfrombuyNewYearcardsfromGuanghwaforherfriendsandfamily，healsobuysChinesecalendarsforeachofherfourgrandchildren.SheexpectshelpthemlearnMandarinwell.答案OnabrightNovemberday，agracefulEnglishladyeq\f(walk,walked)intoacozybookshopintheheartofLondon’sChinatown.Shepickedupeq\f(a,an)orderlypileofNewYearcardsandcalendarseq\f(decorating,decorated)withbeautifulChinesepapercuttingpatternsandChineseinkpaintings.Thensheeq\f(warm,warmly)greetedtheshopassistant.Theladywas91-year-oldPamelaYoudewhosehusbandwasthelateSirEdwardYoude，eq\f(which,who)servedasthegovernorofHongKongbetween1982andin1986.Forseveraleq\f(decade,decades)，YoudehasbeenaloyalcustomerofGuanghwaBookshop.Everywinter，apartfromeq\f(buy,buying)NewYearcardsfromGuanghwaforherfriendsandfamily，eq\f(he,she)alsobuysChinesecalendarsforeachofherfourgrandchildren.Sheexpectseq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(to))helpthemlearnMandarinwell.B(2022·河南新鄉(xiāng)二模)I’mverygladthatIspentthemeaningfulwinterholidaypleasant.Ifinishedmyhomeworkfirst.Furthermore，Ireadsomebooksanddevelopnewintereststoenrichmylives.Inanaddition，ItravelledtoThailandtolearnmoreabouttheworld.Itexpandedmyknowledgesandenrichedmyexperiences.What’smost，Iassistedmyparentsthehousework.Myparentshavecontributedsomuchtoyou，soIshoulddothatIcantohelpthem.Whatameaningfulholidayitwas!答案I’mverygladthatIspenteq\f(the,a)meaningfulwinterholidayeq\f(pleasant,pleasantly).Ifinishedmyhomeworkfirst.Furthermore，Ireadsomebooksandeq\f(develop,developed)newintereststoenrichmyeq\f(lives,life).Inanaddition，ItravelledtoThailandtolearnmoreabouttheworld.Itexpandedmyeq\f(knowledges,knowledge)andenrichedmyexperiences.What’seq\f(most,more)，Iassistedmyparentseq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(with/in))thehousework.Myparentshavecontributedsomuchtoeq\f(you,me)，soIshoulddoeq\f(that,what/whatever)Icantohelpthem.Whatameaningfulholidayitwas!強(qiáng)化練(三十四)短文改錯(cuò)(1)A(2022·河南名校聯(lián)盟二模)AnEnglishdramacompetitionwouldbeheldintheschoolarthallnextFriday.Anycreativeideaswhichisaboutschoollifeiswarmwelcomed.Youcanalsochoosetomakechangesinfamousdramastoenterintothecompetition.Ifyouwanttoproveyou，pleasesignupbythisThursdayafternoon.Itisrewardingtakeyourtimetoprepareforthecompetition.Thereisanotherthingthatshouldbekeepinmind.Theplayshouldbenolongthanfifteenminutesonawhole.Formoreinformation，youcangotoourwebsite.Don’thesitate—come，orbeawinner!答案AnEnglishdramacompetitioneq\f(would,will)beheldintheschoolarthallnextFriday.Anycreativeeq\f(ideas,idea)whichisaboutschoollifeiseq\f(warm,warmly)welcomed.Youcanalsochoosetomakechangesinfamousdramastoenterintothecompetition.Ifyouwanttoproveeq\f(you,yourself/yourselves)，pleasesignupbythisThursdayafternoon.Itisrewardingeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(to))takeyourtimetoprepareforthecompetition.Thereisanotherthingthatshouldbeeq\f(keep,kept)inmind.Theplayshouldbenoeq\f(long,longer)thanfifteenminutesoneq\f(a,the)whole.Formoreinformation，youcangotoourwebsite.Don’thesitate—come，eq\f(or,and)beawinner!B(2022·安徽馬鞍山教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè))Lastweekend，myclassmatesandItookthetriptotheWetlandPark.Uponarrival，weattractedbythebeautifulscenerythere.Theparkwasreallyaniceplaceforhimtogobird-watching.Wefollowedaguide，whobriefintroductionwasinteresting.Wesawdifferentlytypesofbirdsandtookalotofpicture.Afterlunch，wedividedourselvesfromgroupstoplaygamesandsingsongs.Ataround5p．m.，wehadstartedtowalkback.Thetripwasofgreatuseful.Itofferedusachancetogetclosetonature，andmadeusknowtheimportanceofprotecttheenvironment.答案Lastweekend，myclassmatesandItookeq\f(the,a)triptotheWetlandPark.Uponarrival，weeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(were))attractedbythebeautifulscenerythere.Theparkwasreallyaniceplaceforeq\f(him,us)togobird-watching.Wefollowedaguide，eq\f(who,whose)briefintroductionwasinteresting.Wesaweq\f(differently,different)typesofbirdsandtookalotofeq\f(picture,pictures).Afterlunch，wedividedourselveseq\f(from,into)groupstoplaygamesandsingsongs.Ataround5p．m.，wehadstartedtowalkback.Thetripwasofgreateq\f(useful,use).Itofferedusachancetogetclosetonature，andmadeusknowtheimportanceofeq\f(protect,protecting)theenvironment.C(2022·貴州貴陽(yáng)五校聯(lián)考)Duringmylastsummerholiday,Igotothecountrysidetoenjoymyself.Isawmotherbirdinhernestinabigtree,watchingsomeofherbabyflyingaway.Ithoughtshemustbeveryproudofherchildren,thatwereabletofindherownfoodnow.Butshemightalsofeelasenseoflosssincetheywouldn’tneedofherday-to-daycareanylonger.Formyparents,thingsaremanyeasier.Wehavesetupourfamilyblogtopostingourphotosandjournals.OnceIleaveforcollege,wecanconvenientshareourexperiencesbutsupporteachother.Their“nest”willneverbeempty.答案Duringmylastsummerholiday,Ieq\f(go,went)tothecountrysidetoenjoymyself.Isaweq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(a))motherbirdinhernestinabigtree,watchingsomeofhereq\f(baby,babies)flyingaway.Ithoughtshemustbeveryproudofherchildren,eq\f(that,who)wereabletofindeq\f(her,their)ownfoodnow.Butshemightalsofeelasenseoflosssincetheywouldn’tneedofherday-to-daycareanylonger.Formyparents,thingsareeq\f(many,much)easier.Wehavesetupourfamilyblogtoeq\f(posting,post)ourphotosandjournals.OnceIleaveforcollege,wecaneq\f(convenient,conveniently)shareourexperienceseq\f(but,and)supporteachother.Their“nest”willneverbeempty.D(2022·山西太原一模)Lastweekend，IwasbrowsingTikTokwhenashortvideodrewmyattentions，whichexactlyshowedpeoplehowtomakeanamazedfruitplate.ThenIdecidedtogivethematry.FirstIcollectedsomefruitslikeapples，oranges，grapes，strawberriesorbananas.Af