詞匯語法等 學(xué)案高中英語人教版(2019)選擇性必修第一冊

#UNITFIVEdevote[di'vout]:vt.把…獻(xiàn)（給）；把…專用于;專心于devotion[di'voujn]:n.奉獻(xiàn)；忠誠；專心devote...to...:把…用于；獻(xiàn)身；致力；專心devoteoneself/時(shí)間/精力等to名/代/doing...:專心于；獻(xiàn)身于；把...用于...bedevotedto名詞/doing...:致力于…；專心于…；被用在什么上1）Thewomandevotedherselftohercareer.2）Theyhavedevotedthemselvestofightingpoverty.shortage[Jkti%]:n.不足；缺少；短缺short：adj.短的；矮的；缺乏的；短缺的lack[嗨k]：n?/v?缺乏；不足；沒有beshortof...:缺少tackle['址kl]:vt.解決（難題）；應(yīng)付（局面）；處理solve[snlv]:v.解決；處理；解答settle['setl]:v.解決；結(jié)束dealwith:處理；解決（常與how連用）dowith...:處理（常與what連用）crisis['kraisis]:n.危機(jī);危急關(guān)頭（復(fù)數(shù)：crises['kraisi:z]）apolitical/financialcrisis:政治/金融危機(jī)aneconomiccrisis:經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)basis['beisis]（基礎(chǔ)）bases['beisi:z]analysis[o'n^lisis]（分析）--analyses[d'n?li,si:z]boost[bu:st]:vt.使增長；使興旺n.增長;提高;激勵(lì)reduce/decrease/decline/fall/drop:v.減少/下降（by/to）increase/rise:v.增加/上升（by/to）yield[ji:ld]:n.產(chǎn)量；產(chǎn)出vt.出產(chǎn)（作物）;產(chǎn)生（收益、效益等）vi.屈服；讓步field[fi:ld]：n.田野；領(lǐng)域；運(yùn)動(dòng)場givewayto...:讓步；屈服；讓路givein:讓步；屈服giveup:放棄；投降giveupdoing...:放棄做什么convince[kn'vins]:vt.使相信；使確信；說服convinced:adj.堅(jiān)信；深信；確信convincing:adj.令人信服的；有說服力的beconvincedof???：相信convincesbtodo...:說服某人做什么persuadesbtodo.??:說服某人做什么=persuade/talk/reasonsbintodoing.?persuadesbnottodo?:說服某人不做什么=persuade/talk/reasonsboutofdoing...:&characteristic[,k?rkt1ristik]:n.特征；特點(diǎn)；品質(zhì)

adj.典型的；獨(dú)特的character['kwrikt]:n.特性；特點(diǎn)；特色；人物；角色attain['tein]:vt.（通常經(jīng)過努力）獲得；得到；達(dá)到（某年齡、水平、狀況）get（got；got/gotten）：v.獲得；掙得賺win（won）：v.獲得;掙得;取得;贏得gain:v.獲得;取得acquire:v.獲得;取得turn:v.達(dá)到/超過（年齡/數(shù)量/時(shí)間）Hewillattain/turn105nextmonth.conventional[kdn'venfoni]:adj.傳統(tǒng)的;守舊的;習(xí)慣的traditional:adj.傳統(tǒng)的;習(xí)俗的;守舊的convenience[kon'viinions]：n.方便；便利convenient[kan'virniont]：adj.方便的；便利的；附近的assumption[a'sAmpjn]:n.假定；設(shè)定；（責(zé)任的）承擔(dān);（權(quán)利的）獲得assume[o'sjurm/a'suim]:v.假設(shè)；獲得；承擔(dān)intense[in'tens]:adj.熱切的；十分強(qiáng)烈的；激烈的intenseheat/pain:酷熱/劇痛fierce[fias]:adj?猛烈的;激烈的eager:adj?熱切的;渴望的;熱心的;熱情的anxious['sgkfos]:adj.不安的;焦慮的；憂慮的；熱望的；渴望的heated:adj.溫暖的；激烈的；情緒激動(dòng)的overcome[.auva'kAm]（overcameovercome）:vt.克服；解決；戰(zhàn)勝getover:克服；解決；戰(zhàn)勝expand[ik'spsnd]:v.擴(kuò)大；增加；擴(kuò)展；發(fā)展（業(yè)務(wù)）expansion[ik'sp^njn]:n.擴(kuò)張；擴(kuò)展；擴(kuò)大；膨脹output['autput]:n.產(chǎn)量；輸出；輸出量vt.輸出(outputting--output)input['input]:n.輸入；投入v.輸入(inputting--inputted/input)estimate['estimat](n.)9['estimeit](v.):vt/n?估計(jì)；估價(jià)；估算establish[i'st?blif]:v.建立；創(chuàng)立；設(shè)立assess:v.評(píng)估；評(píng)定；估算；估定evaluate[i'v吧ljueit]:v?估計(jì)；評(píng)價(jià)；評(píng)估domestic[do'mestik]:adj.本國的；國內(nèi)的；家用的；家庭的family:n.家；家庭；親屬；家族abroad[o'brxd]:adv.國外；外國athomeandabroad/overseas:在國內(nèi)外domesticaffairs/politics/flight/market/reform:國內(nèi)事務(wù)/政治/航班/市場/改革consumption[kon'sAmpfn]:n.消耗；消耗量；消費(fèi)consume[kan'sjuim]:v.消耗；吃；飲；喝；燒毀comprise[kom'praiz]:vt.包括；包含；由…組成include[in'klu:d]：v.包含；包括including:prep.包括contain[kan'tein]：v.含有；包含；容納；控制；克制prize[praiz]：n.獎(jiǎng)品；獎(jiǎng)金；獎(jiǎng)賞price[prais]:n.價(jià)格；代價(jià)praise[preiz]:n./v.表揚(yáng)；贊揚(yáng)consistofsb/sth/doing...:由…組成/構(gòu)成(常用)bemadeupofsb/sth:…由…組成/構(gòu)成(常用)becomprisedof???：包括；包含；由…組成(或構(gòu)成)(很正式)1)Thestudygroupcomprisessixstudents.2)Thestudygroupiscomprisedofsixstudents.Thestudygroupismadeupofsixstudents.Thestudygroupconsistsofsixstudents.Sixstudentsmakeup/comprisethestudygroup.generate[’dsenoreit]:vt.產(chǎn)生；引起generation[Id3end,reifn]:n.代；輩；產(chǎn)生general[，d3enor(o)l]：n.將軍；上將adj.大慨的；全體的；普遍的resultin...:導(dǎo)致cause:v.引起；造成generate/produce/makeelectricity:發(fā)電generatepower:發(fā)電generateheat/power:產(chǎn)生熱/動(dòng)力generateincome/profit/wealth:產(chǎn)生收益/利潤/財(cái)富strain[strein]:n.(動(dòng)、植物的)系；品種；拉傷；壓力pressure[，prefb]:n.壓力；壓強(qiáng)stress[stres]:n.壓力；緊張；強(qiáng)調(diào)vt.強(qiáng)調(diào)；使經(jīng)受壓力species:n.物種(單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)相同)train[trein]:v.培訓(xùn)；訓(xùn)練；鍛煉n.火車understrain/pressure/stress:在壓力下putastrainon???：給某人增加壓力/負(fù)擔(dān)leisure['le3?(r)]:n?閑暇；休閑；空閑luxury[，lAkJari]:n.奢華；奢侈；奢侈品leisureshoes/clothes:便鞋/便服atleisure:閑散；悠閑；不慌不忙；從容atone'sleisure:有空時(shí);空閑時(shí);方便時(shí)inone'sspare/freetime:在…的空閑時(shí)間里23.deepdown:在內(nèi)心深處;本質(zhì)上;實(shí)際上asamatteroffact=infact/effect：實(shí)際/事實(shí)上1）Deepdown,Yuanisstillverymuchafarmeratheart.2）Weknowdeepdownthatwewillmakeit.soil[sail]:n.泥士；土壤；國土；領(lǐng)土oil[ail]：n.油;石油；食用油territory['teratri]:n.領(lǐng)土；版圖；領(lǐng)地floor:n.地板；地面（室內(nèi)的）ground:n.土壤；土地；地；地面（室外的）land:n.農(nóng)田；陸地；大地；國土；國家earth:n?土壤；泥土；大地；陸地；地面；地球celebrity[sa'lebrati]:n.名望；名譽(yù)；名人；名流celebrate['selibreit]：v.慶祝；慶賀；歌頌envision[in'vs]:vt.展望；想象imagine[i'm吧如珂:v.想象；設(shè)想；猜測；認(rèn)為imagination:n.想象力；想象image['imid3]:n.圖像；形象；印象；聲譽(yù)envision/imaginedoing...:想象做什么broom[bru:m]:n.掃把；掃帚；金雀花room[rum/ru:m]:n.房間；空間grain[grein]:n.谷物；谷粒；顆粒rice:n.水稻；大米wheat:n.小麥corn:n.玉米vegetable:n.蔬菜agrainofwheat/rice/sand:一粒小麥/大米/沙子abagofgrain:一袋谷物vision['v?]:n.想象；視力；視野；影像sight[sait]:n.視力；景色eyesight['aisait]：n.視力imagination:n.想象力;想象image['imid3】:n?圖像；形象；印象havegood/perfect/poor/normalvision:視力好/極好/差/正常reality[ri'^lati]:n.現(xiàn)實(shí)；實(shí)際情況；事實(shí)real[rirai][rial]：adj.真的；真正的；真實(shí)的；實(shí)在的really['riali]：adv.真實(shí)地；真正地；事實(shí)上becomeareality:成為現(xiàn)實(shí)inreality:事實(shí)上salty['selti]:adj.含鹽的；咸的salt[sarlt]:n.鹽urban['3：ban]:adj.城市的；都市的；城鎮(zhèn)的rural['ruaral]:adj.鄉(xiāng)村的；農(nóng)村的city:n.大城市town:n.城鎮(zhèn)countryside:n.農(nóng)村country:n.農(nóng)村；鄉(xiāng)村；國家county:n.縣；郡bomb[bom]:n.炸彈v.轟炸；對(duì)…投炸彈atimebomb:定時(shí)炸彈setoffabomb:引爆炸彈gooff=explode=blowup:爆炸tunnel['tAnl]:n.地下通道；地道；隧道driveatunnel:開鑿隧道extension[ik'stenjh]:n.擴(kuò)建部分；擴(kuò)大;電話分機(jī)extend[ik'stend]:v?伸長；擴(kuò)大；擴(kuò)展；延長chemical['kemikl]:adj.與化學(xué)有關(guān)的；化學(xué)的n?化學(xué)制品；化學(xué)品chemistry['kemistri]：n.化學(xué)chemist['kemist]：n.化學(xué)家；藥劑師physics['fiziks]:n.物理physical['fizikl]:adj.物理的；身體的wheat[wi:t]:n.小麥；小麥籽sweat[swet]:v.出汗n.汗水；流汗flour['flauo]:n.面粉flower['flauo]：n.花steamedbun/bread:饅頭steamedstuffedbun:包子noodle['nu:dl]：n.面條flavor/flavour['fleivo]:n.味道；特點(diǎn)；特色favour/favor['feivo]：n.好意；恩惠；支持；贊同；偏愛v.贊同；支持；喜愛；偏袒favourite/favorite['feivorit]:adj.最喜愛的n.最喜愛的事物/東西/人smell[smel]:n.氣味；味覺；臭味character['k^rikto]:n?特性；特點(diǎn)；特色；人物；角色characteristic[占吧rikto'ristik]:n?特點(diǎn)；特征；特色fertilizer/fertiliser['色:tolaizo(r)]:n.肥料artificial/chemical/organicfertilizer:人工/化學(xué)/有機(jī)肥料nutritional[nju'trijonl]:adj.營養(yǎng)(物)的nutritious[nju'tnjos]:adj.有營養(yǎng)的；營養(yǎng)豐富的nutrition[nju'tri|h]:n.營養(yǎng)；滋養(yǎng)alleviate01i:vieit]:vt.減輕；緩解relieve[ri'li:v]:vt.緩解；緩和；減輕relief[rTli:f|:n?輕松；寬慰；解脫；減輕；緩解poverty['pnvoti]:n.貧窮；貧困poor[puo]：adj.貧窮的；貧瘠的;可憐的；粗劣的liveinpoverty:生活在貧困中(below/above)thepovertyline:貧困線(下/上)organic[):'g吧nik]:adj.有機(jī)的；不使用化肥的；有機(jī)物的organise/organize['o:gonaiz]:v.組織；組建；成立organisation/organization[I3：gonai,zei|0n]:n.組織；機(jī)構(gòu)；組成；團(tuán)體；協(xié)會(huì)pesticide[，pestisaid]:n.殺蟲劑；除害藥物pest[pest]:n.害蟲；害獸；害鳥insect[，insekt]:n?昆蟲;蟲；可惡者;小人物widespread[，waidspred]:adj.分布廣的；普遍的；廣泛的wide:adj.寬的；寬闊的；廣泛的spread(spread):v.攤開；展開；傳播；蔓延；擴(kuò)展inturn:相應(yīng)地；轉(zhuǎn)而；依次；輪流inreturnfor...:回報(bào)essential[i'senjl]:adj.完全必要的；極其重要的necessary[，nesosari]：adj?必要的；必須的important：adj.重要的vital[，vaitl]:adj.極重要的；必不可少的crucial[，kru:jl]:adj.至關(guān)重要的；關(guān)鍵的alternative[c:l't3：notiv]:n.可供選擇的事物adj.可供替代的;非傳統(tǒng)的option:n.選擇choice[tfbis]：n.選擇choose[tfu:z]（chose,chosen）：v.選擇；挑選alternativelifestyles/values:非傳統(tǒng)的生活方式/價(jià)值觀havenoalternative/choice/optionbuttodo...:除了做什么外別無選擇;只好做什么instance['mstons]:n.例子；實(shí)例；事例example[ig'za:mpl]:n?例子；榜樣；標(biāo)本inthefirstinstance/place:第一;首先forinstance:例如；比如forexample:例如；比如suchas:例如；比如like:prep.諸如；比如像setan/agoodexampleto/forsb:為…樹立（好）榜樣take...forexample=take??.asanexample:以…為例makeacontributionto名詞/doing...:為???做貢獻(xiàn)depth[depO]:n.向下（或向里）的距離；深（度）deep：adj.深的；縱深的deeply:adv.非常；深深地deepen['di:pon]:v.（使）變深；加深distance['distons]：n.距離；遠(yuǎn)處entirely[in'taioli]:adv.全部地；完整地；完全地entire:adj.全部的；整個(gè)的；完全的completely：完全地；徹底地aspect[&spekt]:n.方面；層面respect:v./n.尊敬;尊重n.方面;細(xì)節(jié)inthis/thataspect/respect:在這/那方面inthis/thatway:用這/那種方法;這樣/那樣fulfil(fulfill)/realize/achieveone'sdream:實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想(fulfilledfulfilling)55.that,those代替前面的名詞:that:代物(單數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞)those:代人/物(復(fù)數(shù))thanthat/thoseas...asthat/thoseIndeed,hisslimbutstrongbodyisjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers.ThepopulationofChinaismuchlargerthanthatoftheUSA.ThecarmadeinChinaischeaperthanthatmadeinGermany.ThecarsmadeinChinaarecheaperthanthosemadeinGermany.ThestudentsinSeniorThreearemuchtallerthanthoseinJuniorOne.Thetreesbytheriverarethicker(粗)thanthose/theonesonthehill.TheclimateofBeijingisasbadasthatofTianjin.ThestudentsinClass9studyashardasthoseinClass10.act/serve/workas...:擔(dān)任Aftergraduatingin1953,heworkedasaresearcher.giventhat+陳述句:鑒于;考慮到given:prep.鑒于;考慮到GiventhatYuan'shybridshavemadehimquitewealthy,onemightthinkhewouldretiretoalifeofleisure.2）Giventhatyouareyoung,I'llforgiveyouthistime.3）Giventhatmyfriendsareallbusy,Iwillhavetogohikingalone.4）Giventhefactorsabove,Isuggestthatyouquitthejobatonce.openup（thesaltyland）:開墾（鹽堿地）advancedyears:高齡;年事已高dreamup:虛構(gòu)出;憑空想出;大膽想出apowerplant/station:發(fā)電廠;發(fā)電站takeon...:承擔(dān);雇用;呈現(xiàn);具有;裝載find/think/consider/feel/suppose/makeit+形/名+to不定式:認(rèn)為/使得做…是…MymotherisveryconventionalandfindsithardtoacceptthemodernlifestylethatIenjoy.nowthat...:既然;由于besides：除了...外,（還）（包含,常與other,else等連用）but/except/exceptfor:除了（不包含,常與all,every,no,none,nothing,nobody等連用）apart/asidefrom:除了（包含,不包含）otherthan:除了（包含,不包含）（不包含常與no,not,never,nothing,hardly等連用）1）Youcan'tgettotheislandotherthanbyboat.2）ShehasneverbeentoabigcityotherthanChongqing.3）Otherthanonesister,shehasnocloserelatives.4）OtherthanMr.Black,noneofthemwasinjuredinthetrafficaccident.5）Otherthanhybridrice,whatotherhybridproductsdoyouknow?(此句是包含)EnglishisnowspokeninmanycountriesotherthanBritain.(此句是包含)makeupone'smind(s)(todo):決定；決心makeupone'smind(s)that句子：決定;決心(上面兩個(gè)短語,主語是單數(shù),mind用單數(shù)；主語是復(fù)數(shù),mind用復(fù)數(shù)或者單數(shù)均可)Sotheyhavemadeuptheirmindstomovetothecountryside,wheretheycanliveagreenlife.standat...:達(dá)...的水平/數(shù)量/高度等"Accordingtoourlatestfigures,worldhungerstandsataround11%oftheworld'spopulation.Theplayerstandsat2.45m.Theirforeigndebtstandsat30trilliondollars.without(a)doubt=beyonddoubt:毫無疑問Withoutdoubt,themobilephoneisoneofthemostimportantinventionsinmoderntimes.69nosooner...than...:一...就hardly/barely/scarcely...when/before..:一...就...(兩個(gè)句型的前句用過去完成時(shí),后句用一般過去時(shí)。nosooner,hardly/barely/scarcely放在句首,句子要倒裝)Thefootballmatchhadhardlybegunwhen/beforeitstartedtorainhard.Thefootballmatchhadnosoonerbegunthanitstartedtorainhard.Hard|yhadthefootballmatchbegunwhen/beforeitstartedtorainhard.Nosoonerhadthefootballmatchbegunthanitstartedtorainhard.(can)affordsth:買得起…(can)affordtodo???：有錢/能力做???Canyouaffordanexpensivecar?Ican'taffordtogoabroadformyholidaythissummer.Hecouldn'taffordonemilliondollarsforahouseinthecity.wouldrather(not)do...:寧愿(不)做什么wouldratherdoAthandoB=woulddoAratherthandoB:寧愿做A而不愿做BIwouldratherdiethangiveup.inone'seyes/view/opinion:在某人看來=fromone'spointofviewbeinuse:在使用中asfor...:至于;就?而言/而論asto...:關(guān)于;至于;有關(guān);依照=accordingtoasfrom/of...=from?forward/on/onwards:自(何時(shí))起berich/high/low/poorin...:在?方面豐富/高/低/差(be)freefrom/of...:不受什么的傷害/影響;不含;沒有Thisalsokeepstheair,soil,waterandcropsfreefromchemicals.Theywantasociety,freefrompovertyanddiseaseandwars.nowherenear...:離...遠(yuǎn);差得遠(yuǎn);遠(yuǎn)不及Organicfarmingisnowherenearabletomeetthatneed.Shehasnowherenearrecoveredfromherillness.Heisnowherenearthepersonwearelookingfor.meet/fill/cover/satisfyone'sneed/demand/requirement:滿足需要doagood/badjob(onsth):干得好/差;(將什么)辦好/糟doagood/badjob(in/of)doing...:做什么干得好/差sound[saund]:v.聽起來;看起來n.聲音;響聲adj.完好的;健全的;健康的;正確的;深沉的;香甜的;酣暢的;可靠的haveasound/fastsleep:熟睡;酣睡givesbasoundbeating:痛打某人一頓81.Itwilltake/be一段時(shí)間before+句子。將需要/將過多少時(shí)間才做…。Ittook/was一段時(shí)間before+句子?；ㄙM(fèi)了/過了多少時(shí)間才做了…。Itis/hasbeen一段時(shí)間since...:從…以來多久了Itwas/hadbeen一段時(shí)間since...:從…以來多久了IthasbeencenturiessinceJiaSixiedied.Itis/hasbeenthirtydayssincesheleftAfrica.Itwas/hadbeenfivehourssincetheycametothecityremaintobeseen:什么尚需看看startup:開始forsale:出售;待售onsale:削價(jià)出售;銷售;上市g(shù)otowards...:用于支付什么的部分款項(xiàng)Themoneytheygetfrombananasgoestowardsscholarshipsforstudentsfrompoorareas.本單元語法:主語從句從句：連詞+陳述句主語從句:在主從復(fù)合句中從句作主語。That+>Whether+a陳述句+謂語部分.特殊疑問詞+丄?Itbe+形容詞/名詞/過去分詞+that/whether(?“)句子.主語從句不缺意思,連詞用that;主語從句表示“是否”,連詞用whether,不能用if;在句型④中,It是形式主語,that/whether等句子是真正主語。主語從句的連詞通常不能省去。主語從句后通常用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞:單數(shù)動(dòng)詞:iswashasdoesS動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞:arewerehavedo動(dòng)詞原形what引導(dǎo)的主語從句：what在主語從句里，可以作主語迪可作賓語。what可翻譯成：某人所說的(話);某人所做的(事/事情);什么;某人...的東西/事/事情,what在下面的主語從句中作主語:Whatsurprises/astonishes/shocks/delights/excites/interestsfightens/worries/disappoints/concerns/moves/touches/strikessb.mostis???：最使某人驚奇/震驚/高興/興奮/感興趣/害怕/

擔(dān)憂/失望/擔(dān)心/感動(dòng)的是?Thathepassedtheexamsyesterdaywilldelighthisparents.ThatYuanLongpinghadrealisedhisdreamofseawaterricesurprisedthewholeworld.Thatthevegetableslookbeautifulontheoutsideisobvious.Thatmanycountriesstillfacefoodshortagesremainsabigproblem.Whether/Whentheplanistobecarriedoutstillneedsdiscussing.Whether/When/Wheretheresearchcentreistobeset