管理信息系統(tǒng)的系統(tǒng)分析課件

functionDataclassOperation

planFinancial

planProduct

forecastsInventorycontrolDispatchMaterial

RequirementProduction

Capacity

PlanningCostaccountingEmployingplanSalesAccountingShipmentOrdering

servicePlanFinancialPart

requirementTaskformMaterial

stockSales

regionStaff

InventorystockProductionOrder

goodsClientCostMaterials

listTechnological

processMaterials

supplyUUUUUUUProduct

design

&

development

Uproduction

processUUUUUUUUCCUUUUCUCUUUUCOperations

sequenceSales

management

CCCCUUU

UC

UCUUUUCU

CUUUEquipment

loadUUUUUC

UUCAchievement

evaluationCheck1：No

nullrow/columnCheck2:Each

columncan

haveonly

one

CCheck3:Eachcolumn

haveone

Uleast1FunctionBusinessplanProductionmanufacturingDataclassUpreparationPersonnelU

UCUUC

C

UUU

U

C

UC

C

UUUC

UC

U

UU

U

U

CUUCUCUUU

C

UUUCUUUU

CCUUUOperation

plan

C

UFinancial

plan

U

UAsset

sizeProduct

forecasts

Uproduction

processInventorycontrolSales

regionmanagementDispatchOperations

sequenceMaterial

RequirementProduction

Capacity

PlanningTechnical

Product

design

&

developmUentaccounting

Cost

accountingEmployingplanMarketingMarket

analysisFinance

and

Financial

accountingShipmentOrdering

serviceAchievement

evaluationProductionFinancial

planPlanMaterials

listPart

requirementTaskformInventorycostMaterial

stockStaffCostOrder

goodsSales

regionClientTechnological

processMaterials

supplyEquipment

loadU2定義信息結(jié)構(gòu)

- 劃分子系統(tǒng)、確定子系統(tǒng)的實(shí)施順序數(shù)據(jù)類data

class功能FunctionDataclass1數(shù)據(jù)類1數(shù)據(jù) 數(shù)據(jù)類類3

6數(shù)據(jù)類2數(shù)據(jù)類5數(shù)據(jù)類8數(shù)據(jù)類10數(shù)據(jù)類4數(shù)據(jù)類7數(shù)據(jù)類9CU功能2功能4功能8function1

CUUUUUUUCU功能3U功能6CU功能7UCUCUUC功能5功能9CU功能10UCUUUUC34.Subsystemdivision子系統(tǒng)的劃分4BSP

method

is

According

to

information

used

and

create

to

dividingsubsystems,

it

try

to

divide

the

enterprise

process

create

informationand

use

in

a

subsystem,

and

a

reduction

in

the

information

exchange.The

procedure

is

as

follows:BSP方法是根據(jù)信息的產(chǎn)生和使用來劃分子系統(tǒng)的，它盡量把信息產(chǎn)生的企業(yè)過程和使用的企業(yè)過程劃分在一個(gè)子系統(tǒng)中，從而減少了子系統(tǒng)之間的信息交換。劃分子系統(tǒng)的步驟如下：（1）Make

U/C

matrix.Using

defined

functions

and

data

class

to

make

a

form

offunction

and

data,i.e.U/C

matrix,as

shown

in

the

table.Rows

of

the

Matrixrespect

data,and

columns

represent

function,and

use

letter

U

(use)and

C(create)mean

the

functions

use

and

create

data.The

intersection

superscript

Cmeans

the

data

generated

by

the

corresponding

function.Marking

U

meansthefunction

using

this

data

class.作U/C矩陣。利用定義好的功能和數(shù)據(jù)類作一張功能／數(shù)據(jù)類表格，即U/C矩陣，如表所示。矩陣中的行表示數(shù)據(jù)類，列表示功能，并用字母U（use）和C

(create)表示功能對數(shù)據(jù)類的使用和產(chǎn)生，交叉點(diǎn)上標(biāo)C的表示這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)類由相應(yīng)的功能產(chǎn)生，標(biāo)U的表示這個(gè)功能使用這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)類。(2)Adjustment

function/data

class

matrix.At

beginning

class

and

processdata

is

in

random

arrangement,U,C

in

the

matrix

arrangement

isdispersive,will

have

to

beadjusted.調(diào)整功能/數(shù)據(jù)類矩陣。開始時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)類和過程是隨機(jī)排列的，U、C在矩陣中排列也是分散的，必須加以調(diào)整。First,

according

to

a

list

of

function

arrangement,

each

functional

groupsarrange

according

to

the

resources

in

the

life

cycle

of

four

stages.Functional

groups

with

the

same

types

of

function,such

as

“businessplan”“financial

planning”belong

to

plan

group,divided

to

groups“operating

plan”.首先，功能這一列按功能組排列，每一功能組中按資源生命周期的四個(gè)階段排列。功能組指同類型的功能，如“經(jīng)營計(jì)劃”、“財(cái)務(wù)計(jì)劃”屬計(jì)劃類型，歸入“經(jīng)營計(jì)劃”功能組。Secondly,in

data

arrange

this

line,making

the

matrix

C

closest

to

themain

diagonal

line.Because

the

function

group

is

not

absolute,maybeappropriately

allocate

function

group

without

the

destruction

logicfunction,make

U

also

close

to

main

diagonal

line.After

the

function

ofabove

of

the

matrix/figures

adjusting,can

get

the

function/data

classmatrix

displayed

table

below.其次，排列“數(shù)據(jù)類”這一行，使得矩陣中C最靠近主對角線。因?yàn)楣δ艿姆纸M并不絕對，在不破壞功能組成的邏輯性基礎(chǔ)上，可以適當(dāng)調(diào)配功能分組，使U也盡可能靠近主對角線。上表的功能/數(shù)據(jù)類矩陣經(jīng)上述調(diào)整后，得到下表表示的功能／數(shù)據(jù)類矩陣。5（3）Draw

functional

groups

corresponding

box,

and

give

a

name,

this6is

subsystem,see

table

below.畫出功能組對應(yīng)的方框，并起個(gè)名字，這就是子系統(tǒng)，見表所示。（4）Use

arrows

put

down

in

the

box

with

the

U

connected,

stand

forthe

data

flow

of between

subsystem.For

example,data

class

“plan”create

by

the

operation

subsystem,and

technical

preparation

subsystemmay

use

this

data

class.用箭頭把落在框外的U與子系統(tǒng)聯(lián)系起來，表示子系統(tǒng)之間的數(shù)據(jù)流。例如，數(shù)據(jù)類“計(jì)劃”，由經(jīng)營子計(jì)劃系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生，而技術(shù)準(zhǔn)備子系統(tǒng)要用到這一數(shù)據(jù)類。In

the

whole

system

logic

division

we

should

be

paid

attention

to:在整個(gè)系統(tǒng)邏輯的劃分中要注意的是：Along

the

diagonal

line

draw

subsystem

one

after

another,can

neitheroverlap,nor

miss

any

data

and

functions.Small

squares

divisionisarbitrary,but

it

must

give

all

the

"C"element

contains

within

in

a

smallsquares.沿對角線一個(gè)接一個(gè)地畫，既不能重疊，又不能漏掉任何一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)和功能。小方塊的劃分是任意的，但必須將所有的“C”元素都包含在小方塊之內(nèi)。After

divide

Subsystems,there

are

several

“U“stay

out

theredsquare,this

is

the

of

data

connections

between

subsystemsinfuture,or

shared

data

resources.These

use

arrow

express.子系統(tǒng)劃定之后，留在小方塊（子系統(tǒng)）外還有若干個(gè)“U”元素，這就是今后子系統(tǒng)之間的數(shù)據(jù)聯(lián)系，即共享的數(shù)據(jù)資源。將這些聯(lián)系用箭頭表示。Use

arrows

put

the

U

which

out

of

the

boxes

to

connected

withsubsystem,

stand

for

the

data

flow

of

between

subsystem.Forexample,dataclass“plan”createbytheoperationsubsystem,andtechnicalpreparationsubsystemmayusethisdataclass.用箭頭把落在框外的U與子系統(tǒng)聯(lián)系起來，表示子系統(tǒng)之間的數(shù)據(jù)流。例如，數(shù)據(jù)類“計(jì)劃”，由經(jīng)營子計(jì)劃系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生，而技術(shù)準(zhǔn)備子系統(tǒng)要用到這一數(shù)據(jù)類。The

direction

of

arrows

means

the

data

class

create

by

asubsystem

and

will

use

by

another

subsystem.7Analysis

for

MIS

管理信息系統(tǒng)的系統(tǒng)分析Part

one:Understanding

of

analysis,and

the

task

of

systemanalysis對系統(tǒng)分析的理解和系統(tǒng)分析的任務(wù)Part

two:Feasibility

Analysis可行性分析Part

three:Contents

of

detailed

investigation

詳細(xì)調(diào)查的內(nèi)容Part

four:Data

describe

tool

(DFD

and

DD)數(shù)據(jù)描述工具（數(shù)據(jù)流程圖和數(shù)據(jù)字典）Part

five:Confirm

the

new

management

model,establishingnew

system

logic

model

or

program確定新的管理模型，建立新系統(tǒng)的邏輯模型或方案Part

one:

Understanding

of

analysis,

and

the

taskof9system

analysis對系統(tǒng)分析的理解和系統(tǒng)分析的任務(wù)1.The

understanding

of

MIS

analysis對管理信息系統(tǒng)的系統(tǒng)分析的理解System

analysis,also

called

needs

analysis,is

lead

by

systemplanning,and

take

detailed

investigation

of

system,on

the

basisof

thoroughly

understand

the

original

information

system,thenanalyzes,compare

and

judgment

on

all

kinds

of

schemes

of

newsystem,complete

design

the

logical

model

of

new

system,solvethe

system

"do

what"problem.系統(tǒng)分析，也稱為需求分析，是在系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃的指導(dǎo)下，對系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行深入詳細(xì)的調(diào)查研究，在充分認(rèn)識原信息系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上，對新系統(tǒng)的各種方案進(jìn)行分析、研究、比較和判斷，完成新系統(tǒng)的邏輯模型設(shè)計(jì)，解決系統(tǒng)“做什么”的問題。System

analysis

is

an

important

segment

of

MIS

development.Itswork

quality

in

largely

determines

the

success

or

failure

ofthesystem.系統(tǒng)分析是開發(fā)MIS的重要環(huán)節(jié)，其工作的好壞在很大程度上決定了系統(tǒng)的成敗。2.MIS

analysis’s

task管理信息系統(tǒng)分析的任務(wù)10MIS

analysis

mission

is:

on

the

basis

of

have

fullunderstanding

to

the

original

information

system,

throughthe

problem

identification,

feasibility

analysis,

detailedinvestigation,

systematic

analysis,

finally

complete

the

logicdesign

of

new

system

or

says

logical

model,

solve

"do

what"problem.管理信息系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)分析的任務(wù)是：在充分認(rèn)識原信息系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上，通過問題識別、可行性分析、詳細(xì)調(diào)查、系統(tǒng)化分析，最后完成新系統(tǒng)的邏輯方

案設(shè)計(jì)或者稱邏輯模型，解決“做什么”的問題。Part

two:Feasibility

Analysis可行性分析11一、可行性分析的概念和內(nèi)容The

concept

of

feasibility

analysis可行性分析的概念Feasibility

analysis

is

to

determine

the

possibility

of

MIS’s

success

through

the

needed

information

technology

and

the

possible

investment

or

cost

or

the

benefits

general，and

it

all

according

to

the

problem

havedefinite.可行性分析是根據(jù)確定的問題，通過分析新系統(tǒng)需要的信息技術(shù)、可能發(fā)生的投資和費(fèi)用、產(chǎn)生的效益，確定將開發(fā)的管理信息系統(tǒng)成功的可能性。The

contents

of

feasibility

analysis可行性分析的內(nèi)容Feasibility

in

management:

the

administrative

staff’s

attitude

to

application project

and

the

conditions

of

management.管理上的可行性：指管理人員對開發(fā)應(yīng)用項(xiàng)目的態(tài)度和管理方面的條件。Feasibility

in

technology:

analysis

whether

the

present

software

and

hardware

can

satisfy

the

requirement

to

new

system,

and

take

the

level

of developer

into

account.技術(shù)上的可行性：分析當(dāng)前的軟、硬件技術(shù)能否滿足對系統(tǒng)提出的要求，以及考慮開發(fā)人員的水平。Economic

feasibility:

it

mainly

on

the

estimate

cost

and

evaluatingthe economic

effectiveness

of

project.經(jīng)濟(jì)上的可行性：主要是預(yù)估費(fèi)用支出和對項(xiàng)目的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益進(jìn)行評價(jià)。二、可行性分析報(bào)告12Feasibility

analysis

report

includes

the

following

parts:可行性分析報(bào)告的包括以下部分：System

briefly系統(tǒng)簡述The

goal

of

the

project項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)The

required

resources,

budget

and

expected

efficiency.所需資源、預(yù)算和期望效率The

conclusion

to

the

project

credibility.對項(xiàng)目可信性的結(jié)論introductionAbstract3.Definition2.Background4.

Reference

material(2)

the

premise

of

feasibility

study1.Requirements; 2.Target;3.

Conditions,

assumptions

and

restrictions;4.

Feasibility

study

method.(3)

the

preliminary

investigation

andanalysis

of

current

systemThe

enterprise’s

objectives

and

tasks;Enterprise

organizationandmanagement

mechanism;The

situation

of

current

informationsystems;The

current

business

processand

subsystems

division;The

new

system

development

conditions;The

main

existing

problemsand

weaknesses;The

Analysis

of

user

developmenttasks

anddemandsthe

preliminary

plan

new

systemThe

new

system

goal;The

size

of

the

newsystem;The

computer

system

configuration;The

progress

of

the

new

systemdevelopmentplans,

including

variousstagesmanpower,

money,

equipment

needs;The

influence

of

realization

new

system

toOrganizations

and

management

model.the

feasibilitystudyThe

necessity

of

developing

new

system;The

economics

of

new

system

development;Develop

new

system

technology

feasibility;The

feasibility

of

organization

management;Environmental

feasibility;Operation

feasibility.alternative

other

schemesthe

feasibility

analysis

conclusion13The

feasibility

report

example（一）引言摘要背景定義參考資料（二）可行性研究的前提要求；目標(biāo)；條件、假定和限制；進(jìn)行可行性研究的方法。（三）對現(xiàn)行系統(tǒng)的初步調(diào)查與分析企業(yè)的目標(biāo)和任務(wù)；企業(yè)的組織機(jī)構(gòu)及管理機(jī)制；現(xiàn)行信息系統(tǒng)的概況；現(xiàn)行業(yè)務(wù)流程和子系統(tǒng)劃分；新系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)條件；存在的主要問題和薄弱環(huán)節(jié)；對用戶提出的開發(fā)任務(wù)和要求的分析。（四）新系統(tǒng)的初步方案新系統(tǒng)的目標(biāo)；新系統(tǒng)的規(guī)模；計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的配置；新系統(tǒng)開發(fā)的進(jìn)度計(jì)劃，包括各階段的人力、資金、設(shè)備需求等；

5．新系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)后對組織機(jī)構(gòu)、管理模式的影響。（五）可行性研究開發(fā)新系統(tǒng)的必要性；開發(fā)新系統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)性；開發(fā)新系統(tǒng)技術(shù)方面的可行性；組織管理方面的可行性；環(huán)境方面的可行性；操作方面的可行性。（六）可供選擇的其他方案（七）可行性分析的結(jié)論14可行性研究報(bào)告的編寫Case

analysis

-

a

university

library

MIS

preliminary

investigation15案例分析——

某高校圖書館管理信息系統(tǒng)初步調(diào)查The

specific

content

of

library

preliminary

investigation:對圖書館進(jìn)行初步調(diào)查的具體內(nèi)容為：library

scale:The

quantity

and

kinds

of

books;

圖書館的規(guī)模：現(xiàn)藏書冊數(shù)、種類；the

main

business;圖書館的主要業(yè)務(wù);the

departments

of

library;圖書館下設(shè)幾個(gè)部門；thenumber

of

library

worker;圖書館職工人數(shù)；the

education

statusof

worker;職工受教育程度；major

acquisition

unit;主要購書單位；books

coding

mode;圖書編碼方式；how

many

readers

borrow

books

in

here;現(xiàn)有多少讀者在此借書；reader

borrow

books

vouchers;讀者借書憑證；readers

classification;讀者分類；the

attitude

of

leadership

to

develop

new

system;圖書館的上級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)對開發(fā)新系統(tǒng)的態(tài)度；the

funding

ofdevelopmentthe

newsystem;開發(fā)新系統(tǒng)要投入的資金；the

development

time

of

the

new

system

(regulation

on

how

long

developmentcompleted.開發(fā)新系統(tǒng)的時(shí)間（規(guī)定多長時(shí)間開發(fā)完成）。Case

analysis

-

a

university

library

MIS16案例分析——某高校圖書館管理信息系統(tǒng)——feasibility

analysis可行性分析Through

a

preliminary

investigation

of

the

system,having

a

concrete

understanding

of

allaspects

of

library.

Now

we

analyzed

the

feasibility

of

this

library

MIS.通過系統(tǒng)初步調(diào)查，對某單位圖書館的各個(gè)方面有了具體的了解。現(xiàn)對該單位開發(fā)圖書館管理信息系統(tǒng)

的可行性進(jìn)行分析。1．Technically

feasible技術(shù)上可行Hardware

equipments

required

in

this

system,such

as

servers,

PCs

and

printers

andnetwork

fittings

etc,all

these

devices

havesales

andlower

prices

onthe

market,can

satisfythe

system

functionrequirement.Software,the

operating

system

using

Windows

NT,usingdatabase

management

system

Visual

FoxPro,these

software

has

been

extensively

appliedin

the

MIS

development,technically

are

more

mature.Therefore

it

is

technically

feasible.該系統(tǒng)所需硬件設(shè)備，如服務(wù)器、PC機(jī)、打印機(jī)及網(wǎng)絡(luò)配件等，市場上有銷售且價(jià)格較低，能滿足系統(tǒng)功能要求。軟件上，操作系統(tǒng)采用Windows

NT

，數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)采用VisualFoxPro，這些軟件在MIS開發(fā)中已被大量應(yīng)用，技術(shù)上都比較成熟。因此技術(shù)上是可行的。Economically

feasible經(jīng)濟(jì)上可行Because

of

superior

leadership

urgently

need

using

the

computer

forthelibrary

management,therefore

to

strongly

support

develop

library

MIS,appropriations

funds

250

000

RMB

for

the

development.由于上級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)急需采用計(jì)算機(jī)來進(jìn)行圖書館的管理，因此對開發(fā)圖書館管理信息系統(tǒng)大力支持，撥款25萬元作為開發(fā)經(jīng)費(fèi)。feasible

in

Management管理上可行This

unit

library

has

a

good

management

structure.Books

are

encodingby

Chinese

library

classification.Each

person

borrow

books

has

a

librarycard,and

established

files

in

the

library

for

everyone.So

it

is

feasible

onmanagement.In

addition,the

library

management

personnel

is

alsostrongly

support

the

development

of

the

system,and

formulated

thetraining

plan,and

making

material

preparation

and

work

preparation

toMIS

implementation.該單位圖書館有很好的管理體制。圖書采用中圖法編碼方式。每位借書人均有借書證，同時(shí)圖書館還為每位借書人建立了檔案。因此管理上可行。另外，圖書館管理人員對開發(fā)該系統(tǒng)也是大力支持的，

同時(shí)制定了培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃，并進(jìn)行了實(shí)施MIS的物質(zhì)準(zhǔn)備和工作準(zhǔn)備。To

sum

up,

the

development

of

library

management

information

systemintechnology

and

economy,

management

are

feasible.綜上所述，開發(fā)圖書館管理信息系統(tǒng)在技術(shù)上、經(jīng)濟(jì)上、管理上都是可行的。17Part

three:Contents

of

detailed

investigation

詳細(xì)調(diào)查的內(nèi)容Management

business

survey管理業(yè)務(wù)調(diào)查The

organization

structure

survey組織結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)查Refers

to

an

organization

(departments,enterprises

and

workshop

etc)and

the

part

of

the

relationship

between

each

other.指的是一個(gè)組織（部門、企業(yè)、車間等）的組成以及這些組成部分之間的相互關(guān)系。A

to

organize

the

internal

department

division組織內(nèi)部的部門劃分B

leadership

and

be

leaders

relations領(lǐng)導(dǎo)與被領(lǐng)導(dǎo)關(guān)系C

ofinformationtransmissionrelationships信息資料的傳遞關(guān)系Dmaterial

flow

relations

and

capital

flow

relations物資流動(dòng)關(guān)系與資金流動(dòng)關(guān)系Edepartments

workcontents

andresponsibility各部門的工作內(nèi)容與職責(zé)F

all

levels

organizations’existing

problems

and

its

requirements

to

thenew

system

各級組織存在問題以及對新系統(tǒng)的要求Management

function

survey.管理功能調(diào)查Function

is

organizations

to

function

concrete

manifestation,any

systemhas

a

goal,in

order

to

realize

the

system

target,the

system

musthavevariousfunctions.功能是各組織機(jī)構(gòu)職能的具體體現(xiàn)，任何一個(gè)系統(tǒng)都有一個(gè)目標(biāo)，為了實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)目標(biāo)，系統(tǒng)必須具備各種功能。183.The

business

management

procedure

survey管理業(yè)務(wù)流程調(diào)查Department

or

personneloutside

thesystem系統(tǒng)外的部門或人員Business

processingdepartment

orpersonnel業(yè)務(wù)處理單位、部門或人員material

flow

orinformation

flow物流或信息流All

kinds

ofdocuments,reportsetc各類單據(jù)、報(bào)表等According

to

the

information

flow

process,

investigate

each

link’s

processingbusiness

and

information

source,

processing

methods,

calculationmethod,

information

flows

to

and

output

information

form

etc.按信息流動(dòng)的過程調(diào)查各環(huán)節(jié)的處理業(yè)務(wù)、信息來源、處理方法、計(jì)算方法、信息流經(jīng)去向、信息輸出形態(tài)等。Management

business

flow

chart管理業(yè)務(wù)流程圖(Transaction

Flow

Diagram,

TFD)The

diagram

Used

to

describe

the

business

relationship,

homeworksequence

and

management

information

flow

between

system

internaldepartments

and

personnel.

用于描述系統(tǒng)內(nèi)各部門、人員之間存在的業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系、作業(yè)順序以及管理信息流向的圖表。19workshopPickingListapprovedPickingListWarehouseWorkerMaterial

lacknoticebuyerRushordersSupplementarypurchase

ordersupplierMaterialsplanunapprovedPickingListInventoryaccountMakingsblottersRequisitionnoticeavailableunavailableordercontractHaveorderNot

ordernotice

to

takedeliverywarehousewarrantInventoryReportthedepartmentconcernedNo

planWarehousemanagementplanSendgoodsExample-aenterprisematerialmanagementbusinessflowchart20車間領(lǐng)料單已批準(zhǔn)領(lǐng)料單缺料通知單采購員催貨單補(bǔ)充訂貨單供貨單位用料計(jì)劃未批準(zhǔn)領(lǐng)料單庫存帳用料流水帳領(lǐng)料通知有貨庫工無貨訂貨合同已訂貨沒訂貨提貨通知單入庫單庫存報(bào)表有關(guān)部門無計(jì)劃庫長有計(jì)劃發(fā)出貨物實(shí)例——某企業(yè)物資管理業(yè)務(wù)流程圖212.The

data

flow

investigation.數(shù)據(jù)流程調(diào)查22Abstract

the

data

flow

in

the

original

system

independently,abandon

the

substance

elements

(such

as

specific

organization,goods,personnel,etc.)from

the

data

flow

process

to

single

examines

the

actual

businessdata

processing

mode.把數(shù)據(jù)在原系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部的流動(dòng)情況抽象地獨(dú)立出來，舍去了物質(zhì)要素（如具體組織機(jī)構(gòu)、貨物、人員等），單從數(shù)據(jù)流動(dòng)過程來考查實(shí)際業(yè)務(wù)的數(shù)據(jù)處理模式

Collect

original

systems

all

input

documents

(such

as

warehousewarrant,receipt,),output

reports

and

data

storage

medium

(accountbooks,list);收集原系統(tǒng)全部輸入單據(jù)（如入庫單、收據(jù)、憑證）、輸出報(bào)表和數(shù)據(jù)存儲介質(zhì)（帳本、清單）；Make

clear

the

processing

method

and

calculation

method

of

each

link;弄清各環(huán)節(jié)上的處理方法和計(jì)算方法；

Indicate

production

department

submit

department,storage

placefrequency

and

result

of

various

vouchers,reports,accounting

books,theetc;注明各種單據(jù)、報(bào)表、帳本的制作單位、報(bào)送單位、存放地點(diǎn)發(fā)生頻度和發(fā)生量等；

Indicate

the

type

of

various

data,length

and

scope.注明各項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)的類型、長度、取值范圍。Part

four:

Data

describe

tool

(DFD

and

DD)23數(shù)據(jù)描述工具（數(shù)據(jù)流程圖和數(shù)據(jù)字典）ONE.Data

flow

diagram數(shù)據(jù)流程圖Data

flow

chart

is

a

main

tool

can

comprehensivedescription

information

system

logical

model,

it

can

use

afew

symbols

comprehensively

reflect

the

flow

ofinformation

in

the

system,

processing

and

storageconditions.

So

as

to

shake

off

its

physical

content.數(shù)據(jù)流程圖是一種能全面地描述信息系統(tǒng)邏輯模型的主要工具，它可以用少數(shù)幾種符號綜合地反映出信息在系統(tǒng)中的流動(dòng)、處理和存儲情況。從而擺脫其物理內(nèi)容。Externalentity外部實(shí)體Data

flow數(shù)據(jù)流Data

storage數(shù)據(jù)存儲Data

process數(shù)據(jù)處理1.

basic

illustrations

of

data

flow

diagram數(shù)據(jù)流程圖的基本圖24例E.xternal

entity:

refers

to

those

people

or

outside

thingsdon’t

control

by

system,

the

system

of.外部實(shí)體：是指不受系統(tǒng)控制，本系統(tǒng)以外的人或事物。Data

processing:

refers

to

data

logical

processing,

itexpressed

data

processing

logical

function.數(shù)據(jù)處理：是指對數(shù)據(jù)的邏輯處理，它表達(dá)了對數(shù)據(jù)處理的邏輯功能。

Data

flow:

pertaining

to

data

flow

direction

and

its

name.數(shù)據(jù)流：說明數(shù)據(jù)的流動(dòng)方向及其名稱。Data

storage:

used

to

indicate

the

data

storage

place,

suchas

folders,

ledger.數(shù)據(jù)存儲：用來表明數(shù)據(jù)保存的地方，如文件夾、賬本。Because

the

actual

data

processing

process

is

oftencompare

multifarious,

so

should

according

to

systemview,

using

the

top-down

method

of

hierarchically

drawn.由于實(shí)際數(shù)據(jù)處理過程常常比較繁雜，故應(yīng)該按照系統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)，采用自頂向下逐層分解的方法繪制。252.Drawing

畫法Draw

the

top-level

data

flowdiagram畫出頂層數(shù)據(jù)流圖Draw

the

others

each

layer

data

flow

diagram畫出其余各層數(shù)據(jù)流圖Draw

the

aggregate

data

flow

diagram畫出總的數(shù)據(jù)流圖S1231.12121.11.32.12.22.32.43.13.23.3EEEEEE26Top-down

hierarchically自頂向下逐層分解to

the

logic

need

of

system,27draw

aseries

ofgraduallythe

input

dataflowexternallogical

processing,

until

findentity

required,

form

a

data

streamclosed

cycle;

從外部實(shí)體的輸出數(shù)據(jù)流出發(fā)，按照系統(tǒng)的邏輯需要，逐步畫出一系列邏輯處理，直到找到外部實(shí)體所需的輸入數(shù)據(jù)流，形成數(shù)據(jù)流的封閉；⑤

According

to

the

above

steps,

draw

the

son

figure

needed.按照上述的步驟，畫出所需的子圖。3.

The

specific

steps

of

Data

flow

chart數(shù)據(jù)流程圖的具體步驟①determined

the

overall

function

of

data

flow

diagram

確定數(shù)據(jù)流程圖的總體功能；②find

the

origin

and

finish

of

the

data

flow

diagram,

they

are

external

entity,

the

boundary

is

the

system;找出數(shù)據(jù)流程圖的起點(diǎn)與終點(diǎn)，它們是外部實(shí)體，是系統(tǒng)的邊界；③finding

out

output

data

flow

and

input

data

flow

of

externalentity:找出外部實(shí)體的輸出數(shù)據(jù)流與輸入數(shù)據(jù)流：④

Starting

from

external

entity

output

data

stream,

accordingdata

flow

diagram

(DFD),

as

shown

in

figure

根據(jù)排課業(yè)務(wù)的總體功能，繪制其第一層的數(shù)據(jù)流程圖（DFD），如圖所示。TeachingAffairsOfficeCourseTeacherAll

classsupervisorCourseTeachersTeaching

planCourseschedulerequirementsTeacherscheduleEach

classscheduleEach

class

scheduleTeacher

scheduleF1F2coursearrangementCurriculum

business

DFD

layer

1.

排課業(yè)務(wù)第一層DFDCaseAccording

to

the

academic

affairs

branch

curriculum

businessprocess

draw

its

data

flow

diagram（

1

）

According

to

the

timetabling

business

overall

function,

drawing

its

first

layers

ofTeacherschedule28（1）根據(jù)排課業(yè)務(wù)的總體功能，繪制其第一層的數(shù)據(jù)流程圖（DFD），如圖所示。教務(wù)科任課教師各班級督導(dǎo)員任課教師教學(xué)計(jì)劃排課時(shí)間要求教師課表各班課表教師課表教師課表F1各班課表F2安排課程排課業(yè)務(wù)第一層DFD29實(shí)例 根據(jù)教務(wù)科排課業(yè)務(wù)流程圖畫出其數(shù)據(jù)流程圖TeachingAffairsOfficeEachclassCourseteacherTeachers'scheduleF1F2Curriculum

business

DFD

layer2.

排課業(yè)務(wù)第二層DFDSure

each

classnextsemester1EachdepartmentArrangingclass2Teachers

taskallocation

tables（

2

）

the

curriculum

business

further

materialize

and

draw

the

various

informationprocessingandtransmissionasshowninthediagrambelow.對排課業(yè)務(wù)進(jìn)一步具體化，畫出其中的各種信息處理與傳遞，如下圖所示。Teaching

planEach

classscheduleEach

classscheduleEach

classscheduleCourseschedulerequirementsTeachers'schedulesupervisor30教務(wù)科各班級督導(dǎo)員任課教師教學(xué)計(jì)劃教師課表教師課表F1各班課表F2排課業(yè)務(wù)第二層DFD確定下學(xué)期各班課程1各班課程安排表各教研室排課2教師任務(wù)分配表排課時(shí)間要求各班課表（2）對排課業(yè)務(wù)進(jìn)一步具體化，畫出其中的各種信息處理與傳遞，如圖5-11所示。31TWO.數(shù)據(jù)字典Date

Dictionary要補(bǔ)充。ThedataDictionary(DateDictionaryreferredtoastheDD)thedefinitionandexplaincollectionofalltheingredientsonDataflowdiagramisdatadictionary.數(shù)據(jù)字典（DateDictionary 簡稱DD

）