高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)重難點(diǎn)突破練習(xí)題型四 語篇型語法填空（含解析）

題型四語篇型語法填空目錄TOC\o"1-1"\h\u一、考情解讀 1二、命題分析預(yù)測 1三、聚焦核心素養(yǎng) 1四、析考情·題型突破 1五、精選考點(diǎn)題型專練 12一、考情解讀該題型把語法放在語境中進(jìn)行考查,要求考生自主運(yùn)用語法知識解題。這種題型要求考生重視語篇閱讀理解能力,理清語法基本概念。二、命題分析預(yù)測語法填空對考生的語篇閱讀能力提出了更高要求,旨在考查考生在語篇層面上理解句意和文意、分析語言結(jié)構(gòu)的能力以及正確運(yùn)用基礎(chǔ)語法和構(gòu)詞法的能力。建議考生在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中,根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法來記憶和復(fù)習(xí)單詞,掌握各詞類的不同用法,遇到長難句能正確分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),從而正確理解句意。在練習(xí)中,要特別關(guān)注與中國傳統(tǒng)文化相關(guān)和反映中國建設(shè)新成就的語篇素材。三、聚焦核心素養(yǎng)語法填空題以語篇為依托,考點(diǎn)明確,重點(diǎn)突出,考查的知識面較廣,重視對基礎(chǔ)語法知識的考查,突出語法的表意功能。該題型重在檢測考生在語境中綜合運(yùn)用英語知識的能力,培育考生的文化意識,鍛煉考生的邏輯思維能力,從而提升考生分析、解決問題的能力。四、析考情·題型突破命題特點(diǎn)1.選材特點(diǎn)(1)短文型語法填空通常為一篇200詞左右的短文,選材一般以說明文為主,記敘文和議論文為輔。(2)題材多樣,所選材料符合考生的認(rèn)知水平,可讀性強(qiáng)。(3)難度適中,與高中課本中的閱讀材料難度相當(dāng),符合高中中等學(xué)生的閱讀水平,篇章與語句的結(jié)構(gòu)變化多樣。(4)趨勢:所選材料的詞數(shù)有增加趨勢,句子結(jié)構(gòu)更加復(fù)雜,對考生的句式理解和分析能力提出了更高的要求。2.設(shè)題特點(diǎn)(1)設(shè)空。篇首一般不設(shè)空,為考生提供一個完整的背景信息,便于考生開篇明義。有提示詞類填空題和無提示詞類填空題的比例一般為7∶3;有提示詞的填空題可填1—3個單詞,無提示詞的填空題只能填1個詞。(2)考點(diǎn)設(shè)置廣泛。語法填空主要考查考生對重點(diǎn)詞匯(以實(shí)詞為主)和基礎(chǔ)語法知識的掌握情況。考點(diǎn)涉及動詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致,非謂語動詞,并列連詞,三大從句的引導(dǎo)詞,名詞單復(fù)數(shù)與詞形轉(zhuǎn)換,形容詞和副詞的構(gòu)詞規(guī)律、比較級,介詞、冠詞和代詞的基本用法及固定搭配等。(3)考查重在基礎(chǔ),突出重點(diǎn)。對介詞、冠詞等的考查一般涉及1道小題,而對動詞(包括非謂語動詞)、形容詞、副詞、名詞、連接詞的考查相對較多。此外,高考對基礎(chǔ)語法的考查并不忌諱連續(xù)設(shè)題、重復(fù)設(shè)題。(4)答案的規(guī)律。無提示詞類填空題往往填冠詞、代詞、介詞、并列連詞、從句的引導(dǎo)詞等。有提示詞類的題,給出的單詞的詞形變化是有規(guī)律可循的,如:動詞通常最終變?yōu)椴煌臅r(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)或非謂語動詞,形容詞通常最終變?yōu)楦痹~、名詞或其比較級、最高級,副詞通常最終變?yōu)槠浔容^級或最高級,名詞通常最終變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式或形容詞等。Clove1主題:"嫦娥四號"無人探測器登月成功詞數(shù):177難度:★★★建議時(shí)間:9分鐘高考真題Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang'e-4probe(探測器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—61(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.Landingonthemoon'sfarsideis62(extreme)challenging.Becausethemoon'sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot63itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular64(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環(huán)形山),moreso65thefamiliarnearside.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang'e-466(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin."Thisreallyexcitesscientists,"CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,"becauseit67(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon68(construct)."Dataaboutthemoon'scomposition,suchashow69iceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhether70(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.

命題分析?素養(yǎng)解讀本文介紹了"嫦娥四號"在月球背面成功著陸的重大事件,展示了中國社會主義建設(shè)新成就,彰顯民族自豪感,引導(dǎo)考生關(guān)注中國科技成果、關(guān)注時(shí)事,堅(jiān)定理想信念和愛國主義情懷,增強(qiáng)"四個自信"。庖丁解牛本題的易錯點(diǎn)集中在謂語動詞和詞形轉(zhuǎn)換上。?第61題,首先要分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),空處填謂語動詞,根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語可知,填一般過去時(shí)。touchdown表示"著陸,降落",為不及物動詞短語,此處考生容易因詞匯掌握不牢固而錯用被動語態(tài)。?第62題,該題要考慮形容詞變副詞時(shí)去-e不去-e的情況,要求考生牢固掌握詞尾變化規(guī)則。解題思路61.touched考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。句中有時(shí)間狀語lastweek,故用一般過去時(shí)。62.extremely考查形容詞變副詞。修飾后面的形容詞challenging需用副詞extremely。63.where考查定語從句。先行詞是spot,后跟定語從句,關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,故用關(guān)系副詞erest考查名詞。句中含有"be+of+名詞"結(jié)構(gòu)(相當(dāng)于"be+形容詞"),beofparticularinterest=beparticularlyinteresting,故填名詞interest。65.than考查介詞。本句中含有more,空格后為比較對象,因此本空應(yīng)填than?？涨暗膕o為副詞,替代上文中的"deepcraters"。66.tofind考查非謂語動詞。usesth.todo"用……做……",為常用搭配。67.means考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)上下文時(shí)態(tài)可知,本句也應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語是it,故謂語動詞用means。68.isconstructed考查被動語態(tài)。此處表示"月球是如何構(gòu)成的",應(yīng)用被動語態(tài),且此處描述的是客觀情況,故填isconstructed。constructvt.建造,構(gòu)建。69.much考查固定用法。howmuch"多少",修飾不可數(shù)名詞?！疽族e點(diǎn)撥】howmuch+不可數(shù)名詞;howmany+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。70.its考查代詞。此處表示"它的計(jì)劃",空后為名詞,故用形容詞性物主代詞its。Cloze2主題:對北極熊數(shù)量的關(guān)注與研究詞數(shù):164難度:★★★建議時(shí)間:8分鐘高考真題ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence61theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen62(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.

Modernmethods63trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive64(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut65(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa66(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientistshaverespondedby67(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯覺)thatpopulationsare68(high)thantheyactuallyare.Of69nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six70(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.

命題分析?素養(yǎng)解讀文章通過介紹科學(xué)家對北極熊數(shù)量變化的關(guān)注與研究,引導(dǎo)考生關(guān)注生態(tài)和自然,提高環(huán)境保護(hù)意識,深入思考人與自然的和諧相處之道。本題難點(diǎn)集中在同位語從句、非謂語動詞等考點(diǎn)上。庖丁解牛?第61題,要分析出這是一個主從復(fù)合句,"theyrange...Canada"是對evidence的具體內(nèi)容的解釋,根據(jù)同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞的特點(diǎn)可知,此空填that。?第64題,要熟練掌握及運(yùn)用"sth.+be+adj.+不定式"結(jié)構(gòu),本題中Modernmethods與第二個謂語相隔較遠(yuǎn),如能識別出這個結(jié)構(gòu),就很容易填出toperform。解題思路61.that考查名詞性從句。本句含有一個同位語從句,解釋了名詞evidence"證據(jù)"的具體內(nèi)容,空處在從句中不充當(dāng)成分,也無意義,故填that。62.poorly考查副詞。應(yīng)用副詞poorly"不好地,不足"修飾動詞studied。63.of/for考查介詞。名詞method后接介詞of/for,表示"……的方法"?！局R拓展】其他常見的表示"方法"的名詞與介詞的搭配way常與介詞of搭配,如:thewayoflearningEnglish;approach常與介詞to搭配,如:theapproachtodealingwiththisproblem;means常與介詞of搭配,如:aneffectivemeansofcommunication。64.toperform考查非謂語動詞。此處屬于"sth.+be+adj.+不定式"結(jié)構(gòu),sth.通常是不定式動作的承受者,不定式用主動形式表示被動含義。65.havereported考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句中的時(shí)間狀語Inrecentyears多與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用,主語someInuitpeople為復(fù)數(shù)意義,因此本空填havereported。【技巧點(diǎn)撥】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的其他標(biāo)志性詞語有:just,already,ever,never,yet,before,lately,recently,foralongtime,uptonow,sofar,inthelastfewyears/weeks/months等。在文中看到這些詞語,通常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。66.belief考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的a可知,此處leadingto后應(yīng)接名詞作賓語,故本空填belief"信念"?！局R拓展】以-ve結(jié)尾的動詞變名詞時(shí),常把-ve變?yōu)?f。如:relieve(v.解除,減輕)→relief(n.寬慰,輕松;解脫)。67.noting考查非謂語動詞。介詞by后跟動詞時(shí)應(yīng)用其-ing形式作賓語,故本空填noting。68.higher考查比較級。根據(jù)空后的連詞than可知,本句表示比較意義,因此本空應(yīng)填比較級higher。69.the考查冠詞。Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations意為"在這19個已知的北極熊亞種群當(dāng)中",本空應(yīng)填定冠詞the,表示特指。70.are考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。本句中其他分句的謂語動詞用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),且空處所在分句的主語six表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,故本空應(yīng)填are作該分句的謂語動詞。Cloze3主題:跑步的益處詞數(shù):173難度:★★建議時(shí)間:8分鐘高考真題Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears61(long)thannon-runners.Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong62(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63(die)earlybyrunning.

Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit64(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall67(cause).

Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise...it'sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto68(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit'salways69(energy).Ifyouaretime-poor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive70atry.

命題分析?素養(yǎng)解讀本文主要介紹了跑步的益處,培養(yǎng)考生有效地陳述事件、傳遞信息以及表達(dá)個人觀點(diǎn)和情感的能力,并引導(dǎo)考生積極運(yùn)動,關(guān)注身心健康,進(jìn)而形成積極向上的生活態(tài)度。庖丁解牛?第62、63題的提示詞均為動詞,首先判斷兩個設(shè)空處都填非謂語,然后根據(jù)語境判斷非謂語的形式。第63題除了考查介詞后用動詞-ing外,還考查die的不規(guī)則變化。?第68、69題的提示詞均為名詞,首先判斷空處在句中作什么成分,以此來確定空處所填詞的詞性,再根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法對詞匯進(jìn)行變形。解題思路61.longer考查比較級。句中有than,故用long的比較級longer。62.tosee考查非謂語動詞。本句有謂語,因此此處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞;分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)及句意可知,此處應(yīng)用動詞不定式tosee作目的狀語。63.dying考查非謂語動詞。短語reduceone'sriskof...表示"降低某人……的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)",介詞of后跟動詞作賓語時(shí)要用其-ing形式。64.is考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。本文主體時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),再結(jié)合語境可知,本句中賓語從句也應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);賓語從句的主語為it,故用is。65.than考查介詞。此處表示跑步比散步、騎行或游泳更能有效地延長生命。根據(jù)句中的more可知,此處應(yīng)用介詞than引出比較對象。66.that/which考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞為astudy,指物,且定語從句中缺少主語,故填關(guān)系代詞that/which。67.causes考查名詞。此處cause是可數(shù)名詞,意為"原因",句中的all表示"所有",其后應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,故填causes。68.strengthen考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處為動詞不定式作目的狀語,故本空應(yīng)填動詞strengthen,意為"增強(qiáng),加強(qiáng)"。69.energetic考查形容詞。and連接兩個并列分句,and前面的cheap和easy均為形容詞,故空處應(yīng)用形容詞energetic作表語,意為"需要能量的"。70.it考查代詞。giveitatry意為"試一試",根據(jù)語境可知,it指代running?？挤?有提示詞類命題角度1提供動詞WudangmartialartsbasedontheTaoistideology______(create)byafamousTaoist______(name)ZhangSanfeng,intheearlyyearsoftheMingDynasty.

【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,第一空在句中作謂語,根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語intheearlyyearsoftheMingDynasty可知,此處為過去的動作,應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí);本句主語Wudangmartialarts為復(fù)數(shù)形式,且與create為被動關(guān)系,因此謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,且為被動語態(tài),故第一空應(yīng)填werecreated。第二空用非謂語動詞作后置定語,name與其邏輯主語Taoist為動賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)用過去分詞,故第二空應(yīng)填named。Yetthereislife—anastonishing_______(vary)ofcreaturesthatyou'llneverimagine.

【解析】根據(jù)空前的anastonishing和空后的of可知,空處應(yīng)填名詞,avarietyof為常見搭配,表示"各種各樣的,多種的",故填vary的名詞形式variety。命題角度2詞形轉(zhuǎn)換當(dāng)提示詞為名詞、形容詞、副詞時(shí),設(shè)空處考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換的可能性比較大。具體各詞類間的轉(zhuǎn)換如下:其解題步驟為:Asweallknow,bakedorfriedfoodsmaybe_______(taste),buteatingtoomanyofthemwill_______(probable)resultinsomeillnesses.

【解析】第一空在句中作表語,表示"好吃的",應(yīng)用taste的形容詞形式tasty;第二空在句中修飾動詞result,應(yīng)用probable的副詞形式probably。Also,searchenginesrankby_______(popular)ratherthanaccuracy,sosolidfactscanbetrickytofind.

【解析】句意:此外,搜索引擎根據(jù)受歡迎程度而不是準(zhǔn)確性進(jìn)行排名,因此很難找到確鑿的事實(shí)?？仗幾鹘樵~by的賓語,再根據(jù)ratherthan后的名詞accuracy可知,此處應(yīng)用名詞形式。故填popularity。Thereisnodenyingthefactthatelectivecoursescan_______(broad)ourhorizons.

【解析】句意:不可否認(rèn),選修課可以開闊我們的視野。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處作從句的謂語,且在情態(tài)動詞后,應(yīng)用動詞原形,故填broaden。特別提醒有時(shí)考查的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換只涉及詞義的變化,詞性并不改變,通常涉及以下兩類:1.考查與詞根意義相反的派生詞,此時(shí),應(yīng)根據(jù)句子意思及上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,在詞根前加un-,im-等或在詞根后加-less等。2.考查名詞加后綴表示職業(yè),如science→scientist[2018全國Ⅲ第66題],music→musician等。命題角度3形容詞或副詞的比較等級當(dāng)括號中所給詞為形容詞或副詞時(shí),除了考慮詞形轉(zhuǎn)換外,也有可能是考查其比較等級。1.句中通常會有信號詞,比如than。2.句中含有帶比較等級的固定句型,或并列結(jié)構(gòu)中使用比較等級。The______(hard)youtrytobeathim,themorelikelyyouwillgethit.Hecontrolsyou!

【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處為"The+比較級...,the+比較級..."結(jié)構(gòu),表示"越……,就越……",故填harder。命題角度4名詞的數(shù)括號中所給詞為名詞時(shí),有時(shí)可能不是考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換,而是考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。1.所填詞前通常有many,several,oneof等修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的標(biāo)志性詞語。2.所填詞為可數(shù)名詞,但其前沒有限定詞修飾時(shí),通常考慮復(fù)數(shù)形式。3.根據(jù)句意確定名詞的數(shù)。Shelickedthebabyconstantlytokeepitclean.Anysmellmightattractnatural_______(enemy)thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlepanda.

【解析】由設(shè)空位置可以判斷出動詞attract缺賓語,因此要用名詞,enemy為可數(shù)名詞,結(jié)合語境可知此處應(yīng)填名詞復(fù)數(shù),故填enemies。命題角度5提示詞為代詞當(dāng)提示詞為代詞時(shí),設(shè)空處所填詞一般有以下三種情況:1.作定語:填形容詞性物主代詞。2.作主語:填名詞性物主代詞。3.作賓語:填代詞賓格、名詞性物主代詞或反身代詞。Studentsinvolvedinserviceprojectshelp_______(they)aswellastheircommunities.

【解析】空處作動詞help的賓語,且由語境可知,此處表示"幫助他們自己",空處所填詞與主語Students是一致的,應(yīng)用反身代詞作賓語。故填themselves?？挤?無提示詞類首先,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)確定要填哪類詞。其次,根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系及語意確定具體用哪個詞。解題時(shí)要注意以下6條規(guī)律:1.缺少主語或賓語,要填it或關(guān)系代詞(1)缺主語如果在謂語動詞前設(shè)空,應(yīng)首先考慮以下兩種情況:①it:指代上文提到的某物或某事,或固定句式中作形式主語,或強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中用it。②關(guān)系代詞:在定語從句中作主語的關(guān)系代詞that,which,who等。Theydon'tgiveup;instead,theyremindthemselveshowimportant_______istokeepgoing.

【解析】分析句式可知,空處在賓語從句中作形式主語,代替后面不定式短語tokeepgoing,故填it。Relaxationisverynecessary,_______willenhanceyourawarenessandabilitytoconcentrate.

【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,先行詞為relaxation,且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語,指物,故用關(guān)系代詞which。(2)缺賓語如果空前為及物動詞、及物動詞短語或者介詞,要考慮以下兩類:①it:指代上文提到的某事或某物,或在固定句式中作形式賓語。②關(guān)系代詞:在定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞that,which,whom等。However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusing_______everyday.

【解析】根據(jù)語境可知,空處指代上文出現(xiàn)的"therailway",故此處應(yīng)用it。2.在名詞、代詞、動詞-ing前設(shè)空,可以考慮用限定詞或介詞(1)限定詞如果在名詞前設(shè)空,應(yīng)首先考慮限定詞。因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)英語的習(xí)慣,名詞前一般要有限定詞。?？疾榈南薅ㄔ~包括冠詞(a,an,the)、關(guān)系詞(whose等)、疑問代詞(what,which等)和不定代詞(no,some,any,each,every,either,neither,many等)。MaryMoemaylooklike_______averagegrandmother,butsheisnot.

【解析】此處修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),且表示泛指,應(yīng)用不定冠詞,又因?yàn)閍verage的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭,故填an。Theoldbank,_______appearanceisnotaprettysight,isextremelybeautifulontheinside.

【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處在此引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,該從句修飾先行詞Theoldbank;根據(jù)句意可知,Theoldbank與appearance之間為所屬關(guān)系,故用whose。(2)介詞如果在名詞或代詞前設(shè)空,而該名詞或代詞在句中不作主語、表語,也不作動詞的賓語,該空很可能填介詞。此時(shí)要特別注意所填詞與空前的詞是否可以構(gòu)成固定搭配。However,adsarenotjustatoolforgettingpeopletobuythings;theyalsoserve_______awindowintoculture,societyandhistory.

【解析】句意:然而,廣告不僅僅是一種讓人們買東西的工具,也是文化、社會和歷史的窗口。serveassth.為固定搭配,表示"可用作……,起……作用"。3.若兩個或多個單詞/短語之間或兩個句子間沒有連接詞,可能要填連詞,常考查的有表示承接、平行、遞進(jìn)等關(guān)系的and、表示選擇關(guān)系的or和固定結(jié)構(gòu)或句式中的連詞。Itwastimeforhertohaveanewbaby,_______itwasalsotimefortheyoungpandatobeindependent.

【解析】由語境及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,前后分句之間為平行關(guān)系,因此用and。4.若兩個句子(一個主謂關(guān)系算一個句子)之間沒有連詞,也沒有分號或句號,一般考慮填從句的引導(dǎo)詞。_______itcried,sherockeditbackandforthandgaveitcomfortingpats.

【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出,逗號前后為兩個句子,缺少從句的引導(dǎo)詞。結(jié)合語境可知,應(yīng)用When或If引導(dǎo)時(shí)間或條件狀語從句。故填When/If。Thenextday,mybrotherandIwenttothebeach_______wewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.

【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)定語從句,該從句修飾先行詞beach,關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,故用關(guān)系副詞where。5.在形容詞或副詞前設(shè)空,表示程度要考慮用how,so,too等;在名詞前設(shè)空,如果是感嘆句考慮用what等;不定式前設(shè)空,要考慮用疑問代詞或疑問副詞。Teenscametogethertodoprojectsforpeoplewhoare_______oldorpoortodothem.

【解析】根據(jù)語境可知空處表示程度,修飾old和poor,故此處要填副詞too,構(gòu)成"too+adj.+todosth."結(jié)構(gòu),表示"太……而不能做某事"。故填too。6.若句子結(jié)構(gòu)較完整,空后的謂語動詞是原形,且與上下文在時(shí)態(tài)上或與主語在數(shù)上不一致,很可能填情態(tài)動詞或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或倒裝的助動詞(do,does,did等)。如果是一般疑問句則要考慮填助動詞(do,does,did,have,has,had等)或情態(tài)動詞(can,may等)。Whatisacceptableinonecountry_______beconsideredextremelyrudeinanother.

【解析】句中的"Whatisacceptableinonecountry"是主語從句,空格后的beconsidered是謂語;又因be是原形,故空格處應(yīng)填情態(tài)動詞或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的助動詞;由語境可知,此處應(yīng)填表示"可能"的情態(tài)動詞may。Thenthedriverstoodupandasked,"_______anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?"

【解析】句尾的問號提示該句為疑問句,由語境可知,"丟失"是發(fā)生在過去的動作,且空處位于疑問句句首,故填助動詞Did。五、精選考點(diǎn)題型專練類型1中國特色Cloze1DecoratingwithPlants,FruitsandFlowersforChineseNewYearChineseNewYearisa61(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers62(carry)specialsignificance.Theyrepresenttheearth63(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.

Thesearesomeofthemostpopularinmanypartsofthecountry:Oranges:Orangetreesaremore64decoration;theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes65(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.

Bamboo:Chineselovetheir"LuckyBamboo"plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffices.66__(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.Bambooplantsareassociated67health,abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasy68(care)forandmakegreatpresents.

BranchesofPlumBlossoms(梅花):The69(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.Theplumtreesare70firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).Theyrepresentthepromiseofspringandarenewaloflife.

文章講述了中國人在慶祝春節(jié)時(shí)用植物、水果和鮮花來做裝飾以及它們所代表的美好寓意。61.celebration考查名詞。不定冠詞a后面接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),所以填celebration。62.carries考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。在why引導(dǎo)的表語從句中,動名詞短語decorating...flowers作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù),并且此處講的是客觀事實(shí),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),所以填ing考查非謂語動詞。句中已有謂語動詞represent,空處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞,且theearth和come之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,所以填coming。64.than考查固定搭配。morethan為固定搭配,在這里表示"不僅僅",所以填than。65.decorated考查非謂語動詞?？涨暗膖hem指代上文的Orangetrees,和decorate之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,故用動詞的-ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,所以填decorated。66.Certainly考查副詞。此處修飾整個句子,且位于句首,所以填Certainly。67.with考查介詞。beassociatedwith...是固定搭配,表示"與……有關(guān)"。68.tocare考查非謂語動詞。此處考查"be+adj.+todo"結(jié)構(gòu)。注意此處用不定式的主動形式表達(dá)被動意義。69.beautiful考查形容詞。空處和空后的long共同修飾名詞branches,所以填beautiful。70.the考查冠詞。序數(shù)詞前加定冠詞the,表示"第幾個"。Cloze2DietshavechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011,thecountry61(grow)morecornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover62past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.

Atasteformeatis63(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.Anotherreasonforcorn’srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice64(improve)waterquality.Cornuseslesswater65riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.Thisswitchhasdecreased66__(pollute)inthecountry’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.

AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal67(globe)fertilizerconsumption.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment68(start)asoil-testingprogram__69givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.Thatpreventedtheemission(排放)of51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile__70(feed)itscitizens"offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,"saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.

本文是一篇說明文,介紹了中國近年來調(diào)整農(nóng)作物種植結(jié)構(gòu)的情況?！竞诵脑~匯】accountfor(在數(shù)量、比例上)占;說明(原因、理由等)specificadj.明確的,特定的,具體的recommendationn.推薦;推薦信;建議carbondioxide二氧化碳61.hasgrown考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。由句中的時(shí)間狀語"Since2011"可知,此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。62.the考查冠詞。此處是特指,故用定冠詞the。overthepast25years表示"在過去的25年里"。63.actually考查副詞。這里應(yīng)用副詞來修飾謂語動詞is,故填actual的副詞形式actually。64.toimprove考查非謂語動詞。不定式短語toimprovewaterquality作目的狀語。65.than考查介詞。由空前的less可知,此處應(yīng)用介詞than,表示"比"。66.pollution考查名詞。此處應(yīng)填名詞pollution(不可數(shù)名詞)作賓語。67.global考查形容詞。此處應(yīng)填globe的形容詞形式global作定語。68.started考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知,此處敘述發(fā)生在過去的情況,應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí),故填started。69.that/which考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)定語從句,asoil-testingprogram是先行詞,指物,且定語從句中缺主語,所以應(yīng)填關(guān)系代詞that或which。70.feeding考查非謂語動詞。該句的主語暗示feed的邏輯主語為China,feed與China為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞,構(gòu)成"連詞+分詞"結(jié)構(gòu)。Cloze3Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia’sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop61(attract).

Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch.I62(allow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.Fromtomorrow,IwillbetheirUKambassador.Thetitlewillbe63(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback64mydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,65IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter66(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude67(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.

Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby68(it)mother.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew69(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,70otheriswithmum—sheneversuspects.

本文是一篇記敘文,講述了作者的成都之旅以及與大熊貓之間的故事。61.attraction考查名詞。句意:但對于像我這樣的游客,熊貓是它(成都)最具吸引力之物。由形容詞性物主代詞its以及形容詞top可知,此處應(yīng)該填動詞attract的名詞形式attraction,意為"吸引人的事物"。62.wasallowed考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。主語I與動詞allow之間是動賓關(guān)系,且前一句中的"was"表明此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí),故填wasallowed。63.officially考查副詞。修飾動詞應(yīng)該用副詞,所以填officially。64.to考查介詞。gobackto是固定搭配,意為"追溯到"。65.when考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處在此引導(dǎo)定語從句,且在從句中作時(shí)間狀語,故填關(guān)系副詞when。66.permitted考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,permit與其邏輯主語thefirstWesternTVreporter之間是動賓關(guān)系,故填過去分詞permitted作后置定語,相當(dāng)于thatwasroducing考查非謂語動詞。include后跟動詞時(shí)要用其-ing形式作賓語,所以此空填introducing?！局R拓展】下列動詞后跟動詞時(shí),也應(yīng)用動詞-ing形式作賓語:dislike,imagine,delay,practise,finish,avoid等。68.its考查代詞。由語境及后面的名詞mother可知,此空應(yīng)該填形容詞性物主代詞its。69.days考查名詞的數(shù)。few修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),故此空應(yīng)填days。everyfewdays意為"每隔幾天"。70.the考查冠詞。one...theother...為固定搭配,意為"一個……另一個……"。類型2社會與歷史Cloze4Sometimeafter10000BC,peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylived56,throughagriculture.Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlesson57couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.

Farmingproducedmorefoodperperson58huntingandgathering,sopeoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.And,asmorechildrenwereborn,morefood59(need).Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology60(change)lives.

Byabout6000BC,people61(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththe62(season),plantingattherighttimeand,indryareas,63(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.

Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.Then,with64riseofscience,changesbegan.Newmethods__65(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.Inthelastcenturyorso,thesechangeshaveaccelerated.Newpowermachineryandartificialfertilizers(化肥)havenowtotallytransformedawayoflifethatstartedintheStoneAge.

文章主要介紹了人類農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的發(fā)展。56.in考查介詞。livein是固定詞組,表示"在……地方生活",故填in。57.what考查名詞性從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句,作on的賓語,由于該賓語從句中缺少主語,同時(shí)空處表示"……的事物",故填what。58.than考查介詞。根據(jù)上文的morefood可知,此處是more...than...結(jié)構(gòu),表示"比……多……"。59.wasneeded考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。結(jié)合句意"隨著更多的孩子出生,需要的糧食就更多"可知,morefood與need構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系,且文章的基本時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí),故填wasneeded。60.tochange考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)語境可知,"農(nóng)業(yè)給了人們首次用技術(shù)的力量去改變生活的體驗(yàn)",故用不定式作后置定語。61.haddiscovered考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語Byabout6000BC可知,句子謂語用過去完成時(shí),故填haddiscovered。62.seasons考查名詞的數(shù)。根據(jù)常識和語境可知,人們開始按照季節(jié)更替來種植莊稼,season為可數(shù)名詞,故填seasons。63.making考查非謂語動詞。結(jié)合and和上文的planting可知,此處應(yīng)該填making,與planting并列作狀語。64.the考查冠詞。根據(jù)空后的riseofscience可知,此處是對名詞的限定性修飾,語意表示"科學(xué)的興起",故填定冠詞the,表示特指。65.meant考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)?？仗幵诰渲凶髦^語,文章的基本時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí),故填meant。Cloze5（2020新高考Ⅱ(海南)）Thesedays,itisnotunusualfor10-to12-year-oldstopublishtheirownwebsitesorforsecondandthirdgraders56(begin)computerclasses.Atthesametime,computergamesarebecomingincreasinglypopularasmajorpublishinghousescontinuetodevelop57(education)computerprogramsforchildreninpreschool.Also,technologicalknow-howhasbecomea58(require)formostjobsinanincreasinglydigitalworld,asthecomputerhasbecomeacommontoolinmost59(profession).

TheDigitalWorldisasetofvolumes60aimtodescribehowdigitalsystemsinfluencesocietyandhelpreadersunderstandthenatureofdigitalsystemsandtheirmanyinteractingparts.Eachvolumeinthesetexplores61widerangeofmaterials,explainsthebasicconceptsofmajorapplicationsofdigitalsystems,62discussestheinfluencestheyhaveoneverydaylife.Becausethenumberofpossibletopics63(be)practicallylimitless,wefocusonasampleofthemostinterestingandusefulapplicationsandtoolsandexplainthebasicprinciplesoftechnology.Readers64(encourage)tocontinueexploringthedigitalworldwiththeguidanceof65(we)FurtherResourcessectionfeaturedineachvolume.

近年來電腦教育越來越低齡化,《數(shù)碼世界》旨在展現(xiàn)數(shù)碼系統(tǒng)對社會的影響,幫助讀者了解數(shù)碼系統(tǒng)的本質(zhì)和它們之間相互影響的部分。56.tobegin考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處考查"itis+形容詞+forsb.+todosth.",所以空處應(yīng)該填tocational考查形容詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處修飾空后的名詞短語computerprograms,需要用形容詞,所以空處應(yīng)該填educational。58.requirement考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的a和空后的for可知,空處需要一個名詞,所以填fessions考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。profession表示"行業(yè),職業(yè)",是一個可數(shù)名詞,根據(jù)空前的most可知,空處需要用名詞復(fù)數(shù),所以應(yīng)該填professions。60.that/which考查關(guān)系詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞為表示物的名詞短語asetofvolumes,關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語,所以關(guān)系詞用that/which。61.a考查冠詞。awiderangeof為固定表達(dá),意為"廣泛的,大范圍的",所以空處填a。62.and考查連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句的謂語動詞explores,explains和discusses是并列的,所以空處應(yīng)該填并列連詞and。63.is考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)語境可知,此處時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);短語thenumberof...作主語時(shí),謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù),所以空處填is。64.areencouraged考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處在句中作謂語。根據(jù)整篇文章的時(shí)態(tài)可知,本句需要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);再根據(jù)句意"讀者被鼓勵去繼續(xù)探索數(shù)字世界"可知,用被動語態(tài);所以填areencouraged。65.our考查代詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處修飾后面的名詞短語FurtherResourcessection,需要用形容詞性物主代詞,所以填our。Cloze6Somethingsignificantishappeningtotheworldpopulation—itisaging.Themedian(中位數(shù)的)ageofanAmericanin195056(be)30—todayitis41andisexpected57(increase)to42by2050.ForJapan,the58(number)aremorestriking—22in1950,46todayand53in2050.In2015,onein12peoplearoundtheworldwereover65;by2050,itwillbeoneinsix.

Thisagingofthepopulationisdriven59twofactors.Thefirstisdecliningbirthrates,whichmeansoldgenerationsarelarge60(compare)toyoungergenerations,andso,onaverage,thepopulationbecomes61(old)thanbefore.Thisis62(particular)trueintheUS.Thesecondreasonisthatpeoplearelivinglonger.AchildbornintheUStodayhas63veryrealisticchanceoflivingbeyond100andneedstoplanaccordingly.

Peopletendtofocusonthefirstfactor.However,greaterattentionshould64(place)onlongevity(長壽).Itisn’tjustthatpeopleare,onaverage,livinglonger.It’salsothattheyareonaveragehealthier65moreproductiveforlonger.Therefore,theycanworkforlonger,consumemoreandingeneralbeaboosttotheeconomy.

這是一篇說明文,主要介紹了當(dāng)前世界人口老齡化的現(xiàn)象以及造成這一現(xiàn)象的兩大因素。56.was考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。結(jié)合主語age可知,謂語動詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式,同時(shí)根據(jù)in1950可知,此處的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí),所以填was。57.toincrease考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)isexpected可知,其后需要接不定式todo結(jié)構(gòu),意為"預(yù)計(jì)將……"。58.numbers考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)下文的are可知這里需要number的復(fù)數(shù)形式,故填numbers。59.by考查介詞。空處位于表示被動的謂語后,故應(yīng)填by,表示"由,被"。60.compared考查非謂語動詞。結(jié)合句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)填非謂語動詞,且compare與其邏輯主語oldgenerations是動賓關(guān)系,故填paredto是固定結(jié)構(gòu),意為"與……相比"。61.older考查形容詞比較級。結(jié)合句意和下文的thanbefore可知,這里意為"比以前更加年老",故填older。62.particularly考查副詞。此處修飾true,故填副詞形式。63.a考查冠詞。根據(jù)下文的chance可知,這里語意表示"一個非常實(shí)際的可能性",故填不定冠詞a,表示泛指。64.beplaced考查動詞語態(tài)。結(jié)合句意可知,此處attention與place構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系。又因空前是情態(tài)動詞should,故填beplaced。65.and考查并列連詞。結(jié)合句意可知,healthier和moreproductive構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系,故填and。類型3工作與職業(yè)Cloze7A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded"WomanOfTheYear"for61(be)Britain’soldestfull-timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,62sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave63(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire’sWomanOfTheYear.

Pickingupher"LifetimeAchievement"award,proudIrene64(declare)shehadnoplans65(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.Irenesaid,"Idon’tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI66(make)overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,67becauseIwantto."

GranddaughterGayleParks,31—whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness—saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid,"Wedon’thaveanyideawhoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacall68(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwas69joke.Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It’s70(wonder)."

本文講述了一位90歲的英國女士因仍然堅(jiān)持每周工作40個小時(shí)而獲得"年度女性獎"的事跡。61.being考查非謂語動詞。介詞for后應(yīng)該用動詞-ing形式,故填being。62.which考查關(guān)系代詞。先行詞是thepetshop,指物,非限制性定語從句中缺賓語,故填which?！疽族e點(diǎn)撥】由于先行詞thepetshop是地點(diǎn)名詞,所以有些考生會錯填where。如果填where的話,where在定語從句中應(yīng)該作地點(diǎn)狀語。如"Heopenedapetshop,wheretheneighborsboughtpets."。63.finally考查副詞。修飾動詞應(yīng)該用副詞,故填finally。64.declared考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。敘述過去發(fā)生的事應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí),故填declared。65.toretire考查非謂語動詞。不定式作名詞plans的后置定語,故填toretire。66.havemade考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)定語從句中的時(shí)間狀語"overtheyears"可知,從句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故填havemade。67.but考查連詞。此處是"not...but..."結(jié)構(gòu),表示"不是……而是……"。68.saying考查非謂語動詞。letter與say之間是主謂關(guān)系,故此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語,故填saying。69.a考查冠詞。此處表示"我們以為它是一個玩笑",表示泛指,且joke的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭,故填a。70.wonderful考查形容詞。此處應(yīng)用形容詞作表語,故填wonderful?！臼煸~生義】late常見義:adj.&adv.遲,晚本文義:adj.已故的Cloze8Shelookslikeanyotherschoolgirl,fresh-facedandfulloflife.SarahThomasislookingforwardtothechallengeofhernewA-levelcourse.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term61(rest).Instead,sheisearning￡6,500adayas62modelinNewYork.

Sarah63(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.HerfatherPeter,44,wantshertogiveupschooltomodelfull-time.ButSarah,64hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants65