高考英語一輪復習小題強化練習專題05動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)（含解析）

專題05動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)限時：（35分鐘）（基礎題）SinceAprildrinkscompanies__________(force)topaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoos_________(rely)entirelyonvisualclues(線索),oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,_________(have)adeeplovefortravel.InMarch2008,Ginni_________(board)ashipwith48passengersshe’dnevermetbefore,tobeginthejourneytowardsAntarctica.Languages_________(come)andgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whenthetheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groups_________(develop)theirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,they_________(speak)perhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Aswe_________(accumulate)moredevices,however,wedidn’tthrowoutouroldones.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevices_________(rise)fromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.Here_________(be)somewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofdietplan.Ifyourhomedoesn’thaveenoughwindowlight,_________(get)morelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.SincethefirstEarthDayin1970,American_________(get)alot“greener”towardtheenvironment.What_________(begin)asnothingimportantinpublicaffairshasgrownintoasocialmovement.Twenty-fiveyearsago,there_________(be)hardlyanyeducationprogramsforenvironment.Friendship_________(need)careandattentiontokeepitingoodhealth.Thewayyouhandlechopsticks_________(be)importanttoavoidannoyingyourcompanions.Hernotice_________(include)whatkindoftrainingshewantedtodo,howmanydaysaweekandhowmanyhoursshewantedtospendoneachsession,andherage.Sothefirstthingwedid_________(be)rentafantasticallyexpensivesixth-floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.OnourfirstmorninginParis,I_________(go)aroundthecornertothefoodmarkettopickupsomegroceries.Someindividuals_________(bear)withagiftforpublicspeaking.Ifyoucanstarttheconversationwithaquestionotherthan“Whatdoyoudoforaliving?",you_________(be)abletogetalotmoreinterestingconversationoutofwhomeveritisyou'retalkingto.Overtheyears,there_________(be)anumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.Ifanyone_________(tell)methreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping,Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.We_________(sleep)inatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.Key:1.havebeenforced2.rely3.hashad4.boarded5.havebeencoming6.developed7.spoke8.accumulated9.rose10.are11.get12.hasgotten(got)13.began14.were15.needs16.is17.included18.was19.went20.areborn21.willbe22.havebeen23.hadtold24.slept（能力題）ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety63（address）theopeningceremony.(2022全國乙卷)Inthelastfiveyears,Cao______(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’shighestmountain.(2022全國甲卷)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat_____(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincreaseeffectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.(2022新高考卷)TheGPNP______(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(資產)forfuturegenerations”.(2022新高考卷)Whatcomesnextistheendlessseriesofsteps.Youcan’thelpwonderinghowhardit________(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.(2021新高考一卷)Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic （call）galleriesorrooms.(2020新高考一卷)Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection（be）ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.(2020新高考一卷)OneofthebiggestcompaniesIwroteto____43____(be)AlaskaAirlinesParis.(2021新高考二卷)Becausethenumberofpossibletopics63（be）practicallylimitless,wefocusonasampleofthemostinterestingandusefulapplicationsandtoolsandexplainthebasicprinciplesoftechnology.(2020新高考二卷)Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探測器)-thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess61(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.(2020全國一卷)＂Thisreallyexcitesscientists,＂CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,＂becauseit__(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon(construct)＂(2020全國一卷)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunayut(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoabeliefthatpopulationsareincreasing.(2019全國一卷)Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.(2019全國一卷)It(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復).(2021全國二卷)We(hire)ourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.(2021全國二卷)Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers_____(carry)specialsignificance.(2020全國二卷)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award，proudIrene______(declare)shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness.(2019全國二卷)IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI_____(make)overtheyears.(2019全國二卷)Theartistwassurehewould______(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldnanlaughed.(2020全國三卷)Whenheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)artist,theysmiledand______(point)downtheriver.(2020全國三卷)Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand_____(recommend)wonderfulplacestoeat，shop，andvisit.(2019全國三卷)Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay，we_____(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars，listeningtomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.(2019全國三卷)Key:1.addressed2.haswalked3.was4.isdesigned5.is6.arecalled7.is8.is9.is10.touched11.means;isconstructed12.havereported13.are14.wasbuilt15.hired16.carries17.declared18.havemade19.bechosen20.pointed21.recommended22.wereinvited（真題/新題）模塊綜合練05Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2020·“四省八?！钡诙谓虒W質量檢測)FiressweepingacrosstheAmazonrainforestthisyearhavebeenahottopicasscientistsandenvironmentalgroupsareworriedthattheywillworsentheclimatechangecrisisandthreatenbiodiversity(生物多樣性)．Asthelargestrainforestintheworld，theAmazonrainforestisoftencalled“thelungsoftheworld”．Itisalsohometoabout3millionspeciesofplantsandanimals，and1millionnativepeople.Thevastareasoftherainforestplayanimportantroleintheworld'secosystembecausetheyabsorbheatinsteadofitbeingreflectedbackintotheatmosphere.Theyalsostorecarbondioxideandproduceoxygen，ensuringthatlesscarbondioxideisreleased，mitigatingtheeffectsofclimatechange.“Anyforestdestroyedisathreattobiodiversityandpeople，”ThomasLovejoy，anecologistatGeorgeMasonUniversitytoldNationalGeographic.“Theoverwhelmingthreatisthatalotofcarbondioxidegoesintotheatmosphere，”hestressed.“Inthemidstoftheglobalclimatecrisis，wecannotaffordmoredamagetoamajorsourceofoxygenandbiodiversity.TheAmazonrainforestmustbeprotected，”U.N.SecretaryGeneralAntónioGuterressaid.DatafromtheNationalInstituteforSpaceResearch(INPE)showthatthenumberofforestfiresinBrazilquicklyincreasedby82percentfromJanuarytoAugustthisyearcomparedtothesameperiodlastyear.Atotalof71，497forestfireswereregisteredinthecountryinthefirsteightmonthsof2019，upfrom39，194inthesameperiodin2018，INPEsaid.“WeestimatethattheforestareasintheBrazilianAmazonrainforesthavedecreasedbybetween20and30percentcomparedtothelast12months，”CarlosNobre，aresearcherattheUniversityofSaoPaulo，toldGermanbroadcasterDeutscheWelle.Brazilownsabout60percentoftheAmazonrainforest，whosedegradation(惡化)couldhavesevereconsequencesforglobalclimateandrainfall.Theextentofthearearuinedbyfireshasyettobedetermined，buttheemergencyhastranscended(超出)Brazil'sborders，reachingPeruvian，ParaguayanandBolivianregions.【語篇解讀】科學家和環(huán)保組織擔心席卷亞馬遜雨林的火災將加劇氣候變化危機，威脅生物多樣性。今年，位于巴西的部分亞馬遜雨林火災數(shù)量顯著增加。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigating”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Increasing. B．Relieving.C．Ignoring. D．Improving.B[詞義猜測題。根據第二段第三、四句可知，大片的熱帶雨林在世界生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中扮演著重要的角色，因為它們吸收熱量，而不是將熱量反射回大氣中；此外，熱帶雨林還儲存二氧化碳并制造氧氣，以確保更少的二氧化碳被釋放。由此可知，熱帶雨林能夠減輕氣候變化帶來的影響。故可推知畫線詞的含義與“relieving”的含義相近，故選B。]2．WhatcanwelearnfromThomas'sandAntónio'swords?A．Thebiodiversitymakestherainforestunique.B．Therainforestfiresresultinseriousconsequences.C．Theglobalclimatecrisisbringsmorerainforestfires.D．Thedryweatherleadstotherainforestfires.B[推理判斷題。根據第三段中Thomas所說的話“Anyforestdestroyedisathreattobiodiversityandpeople”以及António所說的話“Inthemidstoftheglobalclimatecrisis，wecannotaffordmoredamagetoamajorsourceofoxygenandbiodiversity”可知，Thomas認為任何森林的破壞都是對生物多樣性和人們的威脅，António認為在全球氣候危機的情況下，我們承擔不起氧氣和生物多樣性的主要來源(即亞馬遜雨林)被更多破壞的后果。由此可推知，兩人意在表明，雨林大火導致了嚴重的后果。故選B。]【干擾項分析】根據上述分析可知，兩人并沒有強調生物多樣性成就了雨林的獨特性，故A項表述錯誤。3．WhydoestheauthorlistthenumbersinParagraph4?A．Toprovetheimportanceoftherainforest.B．Toshowthereasonforforestfires.C．Toexplaintheprocessoftheresearch.D．Topresentthereductioninrainforestareas.D[推理判斷題。根據第四段第一句中的“thenumberofforestfiresinBrazilquicklyincreased”和第三句中的“theforestareasintheBrazilianAmazonrainforesthavedecreasedbybetween20and30percent”可推知，第四段列舉數(shù)字是為了說明，亞馬遜雨林由于森林火災的影響，其面積減少了一些。故選D。]4．Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A．Theclimatechangecrisisisworsening.B．Theforestareasareonthedecline.C．“Thelungsoftheworld”isburning.D．Theworld'secosystemisunderattack.C[主旨大意題。文章第一段為文章的總述部分，表明本年席卷亞馬遜雨林的火災將加劇氣候變化危機，威脅生物多樣性；第二至第五段介紹了亞馬遜雨林火災對生物多樣性以及森林面積等的影響，其中第四段又突出強調亞馬遜雨林火災數(shù)量顯著增加。由此可知C項符合題意。]B(2020·哈爾濱師大附中、東北師大附中、遼寧省實驗中學一模)Maybeyoutakevitaminsregularlysupportingbrainpower，orstockuponthesefoodsthatboostbrainhealth.ButnewguidelinesfromtheAmericanAcademyofNeurology(AAN)suggestthere'ssomethingbetteryoucandotokeepyourmindsharp.Aquarterofadultsaged80to84experiencemildcognitive(認知的)impairment，accordingtoAAN.Toaddressthewidespreadproblem，agroupofneurologistsandAlzheimer's(阿爾茨海默癥)specialistswentthroughexistingstudiestodefinethebestwaystopreventandtreatcognitivedecline—andyoumightbesurprisedbywhattheyincludedandwhattheydidn't.Surprisingly，theAANguidelinesdon'tincludeanymedication(藥物)ordietaryrecommendations.Theauthorsstressthattherehaven'tbeenanyhighquality，longtermstudiesfindingfoodsormedicationcanhelpcognitivedecline.Theguidelinesalsosaydoctorscanconsidersuggestingcognitivetrainingtopatientswithmemorylossbutnotrelyonit.Atthepresenttime，thereport'sauthorssaytheevidenceistooinconclusivetosayforsureifbrainexercises，likememoryandattentiontrainingorproblemsolvingforeverydayissuesassociatedwithmemoryloss，arebeneficial.Still，thesemorningbrainexercisescan'tdoanyharm.Buttherewasonebigdiscoveryfromthenewguidelines:Exercisingjusttwiceaweekcouldimprovecognitivedecline.Onestudyshowedadultswithmildcognitiveimpairmentwhodidresistancetrainingtwiceaweekscoredbetteronexecutivefunctionandassociativememoryteststhanagroupthatworkedonbalancing，stretching，andrelaxing.What'smore，anotherstudyhadolderadultsattendeitherbiweeklyhealthclassesorsessionsofaerobics，strengthtraining，balanceexercises，andmultitaskingtraining.Sixmonthslater，theoneswho'dexercisedregularlyscoredbetteroncognitivehealthandmemorytests，andhadlessbrainshrinkage.AANnowrecommendsdoctorstellpatientswithmemorylosstoexercisetwiceaweektokeeptheirmindssharp.Thisisthebesttimetoexerciseifyouwanttoimproveyourmemory.Itlookslikeyou'vegotjustonemorereasontocleartimeinyourscheduleforaworkout—evenifit'sonlyontheweekends.【語篇解讀】研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，每周進行兩次鍛煉會讓大腦保持敏銳，能夠改善老年人的認知障礙。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“impairment”inParagraph2referto?A．Error. B．Decline.C．Development. D．Presence.B[詞義猜測題。根據第二段第二句中的“Toaddressthewidespreadproblem，agroupofneurologistsandAlzheimer's(阿爾茨海默癥)specialistswentthroughexistingstudiestodefinethebestwaystopreventandtreatcognitivedecline”可知，為了解決這個普遍性的問題，一群神經病學家和阿爾茨海默癥專家仔細琢磨現(xiàn)有的研究來明確預防和治療認知衰退的最佳方法，由此可推知，畫線詞應與decline詞義相近，故選B。]6．ANNmaybeuncertainabout________．A．strengthtrainingB．resistancetrainingC．exercisingtwiceaweekD．morningbrainexercisesD[細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段倒數(shù)第二句可知，報告的作者說目前還沒有確鑿的證據來確定大腦鍛煉是否有益。故D項符合題意。]7．Whichofthefollowingmaytheauthoragreewith?A．DailyexercisesarebeneficialtoAlzheimer's.B．TheAANguidelinesattachimportancetoworkouts.C．MedicationisofsignificanceintheANNguidelines.D．Stockinguponvitaminssupportingbrainpowermeansnothing.B[細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段中的“Buttherewasonebigdiscoveryfromthenewguidelines：Exercisingjusttwiceaweekcouldimprovecognitivedecline”以及第六段第一句可知，AAN認為每周鍛煉兩次可以改善認知衰退并建議醫(yī)生讓喪失記憶的病人每周鍛煉兩次以保持大腦的敏銳。據此可知，AAN重視鍛煉，故B項正確。]【干擾項分析】A項中的“Dailyexercises”(每天鍛煉)不符合文意；根據第一段的內容可知，作者并沒有完全否定服用維生素，只是說有更好的方法來保持大腦的敏銳，故D項錯誤。8．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Exercise. B．Entertainment.C．Science. D．Health.D[文章出處題。通讀全文可知，文章第一段第二句為全文的主旨句，并結合文章其他內容可知，本文主要介紹了一項新發(fā)現(xiàn)——每周進行兩次鍛煉會讓大腦保持敏銳，能夠改善老年人的認知障礙；據此可推知，本文的主題為健康，故D項正確。]Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(2020·貴陽市適應性考試一)DuringtheoutbreakofCOVID19，theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)hasofferedbasicprotectivemeasurestothepublicagainstthevirus.Washhandsfrequentlywithsoapandwateroruseanalcoholbasedwaterfreehandsanitizinggelifyourhandsarenotvisiblydirty.12．Ifyousneezeorcoughintoyourhands，youmaycontaminate(污染)objectsorpeoplethatyoutouch.Throwthetissueimmediatelyintoaclosedbinandcleanhandswithalcoholbasedwaterfreehandsanitizinggelorsoapandwater.Keepatleastonemeterdistancebetweenyourselfandotherpeople，particularlythosewhoarecoughing，sneezingandhaveafever，becausecoughsorsneezesofpeoplewhoareinfectedwitharespiratory(呼吸的)diseaseproject(噴射)smalldropscontainingthevirus.3．Avoidtouchingyoureyes，noseandmouthbecausehandstouchmanysurfaces，whichcanbecontaminatedwiththevirus.Ifyoutouchyoureyes，noseormouthwithyourcontaminatedhands，youcantransferthevirusfromthesurfacetoyourself.Tellyourhealthcareproviderifyouhavebeentoanareawheretheepidemichasbeenreported，orifyouhavebeeninclosecontactwithsomeonewhohasrespiratorysymptoms.Practicegeneralhygienemeasureswhenvisitingliveanimalmarkets，wetmarketsoranimalproductmarkets.4．Avoidcontactwithpotentiallycontaminatedanimalwasteorfluidsonthesoilorstructuresofshopsandmarketfacilities.5．Handlerawmeat，milk，oranimalorganscarefullytoavoidcrosscontaminationwithuncookedfood.A．AvoideatinganimalproductsB．Ifyouaretooclose，youcanbreatheinthevirusC．Thishelpsknowthevirusifit'sonyourhandsD．AvoideatingraworundercookedanimalproductsE．Thishelpsremovethevirusifit'sonyourhandsF．StrictlyavoidanycontactwithotheranimalsinthemarketG．Coveryourmouthandnosewithatissuewhencoughingandsneezing【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了世界衛(wèi)生組織給公眾提供的預防新冠肺炎的基本措施。1．E[本空是一個段尾句。本段主要講了要勤洗手，又結合語境可知，本空講的應是勤洗手的好處，故E項符合語境。]2．G[根據文章結構和空處所處位置可知，本空是中心句。本段主要講了咳嗽和打噴嚏時人們應該采取的措施，故G項符合語境，概括該段內容。]3．B[本空是一個段尾句。本段主要講了與他人要保持的距離以及這樣做的原因，故本空講的應該是這樣做的好處，或不這樣做的話可能會存在的風險，所以B項符合語境。]4．F[分析本段內容可知，本段主要講了人們去市場時應該采取的通用衛(wèi)生措施；空后講的是避免接觸商店或市場里可能被污染的動物廢物或液體，故F項符合語境。]5．D[本空是中心句。本段主要講了人們應認真地處理生肉、奶或動物器官以避免生食導致的交叉污染，故D項與本段