醫(yī)學(xué)英語教程-生物醫(yī)學(xué)：Unit 8 Health Effect of 9-11

Unit8Short-termandMedium-termHealthEffectsof9/11PartI.Background:1.Chrysotileorwhiteasbestos溫石棉（白石棉）（Para1）isthemostcommonlyencounteredformofasbestos,accountingforapproximately95%oftheasbestosinplaceintheUnitedStates.Thediameterofthefibrebundlesis0.1–1μm,(1μm=one-thousandthofamillimetre,0.001mm)andtheindividualfibrilsareevenfiner,0.02–0.03μm,eachfibrebundlecontainingtensorhundredsoffibrils.2.Cross-sectionalstudies(橫向研究)（P92）areaformofresearchmethodsthatinvolveobservationofallofapopulation,orarepresentativesubset,atonespecificpointintime.Theydifferfromcase-controlstudiesinthattheyaimtoprovidedataontheentirepopulationunderstudy,whereascase-controlstudiestypicallyincludeonlyindividualswithaspecificcharacteristic,withasample,oftenatinyminority,oftherestofthepopulation.3.Alongitudinalstudy（縱向研究）（P92）isacorrelationalresearchstudythatinvolvesrepeatedobservationsofthesamevariablesoverlongperiodsoftime—oftenmanydecades.4.Panicattacks無端恐懼癥、無端恐慌(P92)areperiodsofintensefearorapprehensionthatareofsuddenonsetandofvariabledurationofminutestohours.Panicattacksusuallybeginabruptly,mayreachapeakwithin10minutes,butmaycontinueformuchlongerifthesuffererhadtheattacktriggeredbyasituationfromwhichtheyarenotabletoescape.Sufferersofpanicattacksoftenreportafearorsenseofdying,"goingcrazy,"orexperiencingaheartattackor"flashingvision,"feelingfaintornauseated,anumbsensationthroughoutthebody,heavybreathing(andalmostalways,hyperventilation),orlosingcontrolofthemselves.5.Agoraphobia廣場恐懼癥(P93)(fromGreek,"marketplace"Agora;and,-phobia；fear)isananxietydisordercharacterizedbyanxietyinsituationswherethesuffererperceivestheenvironmentasbeingdifficulttoescapeorgethelp.Thesesituationsinclude,butarenotlimitedto;wide-openspaces,aswellasuncontrollablesocialsituationssuchasmaybemetinshoppingmalls,airports,andonbridges.Guess:photophobia;aquaphobia/hydrophobia;acrophobia/altophobia6.Reactiveairwaysdysfunctionsyndrome(RADS)反應(yīng)性氣道功能障礙綜合征(p93)isdescribedasthedevelopmentofrespiratorysymptomsintheminutesorhoursafterasingleaccidentalinhalationofahighconcentrationofirritantgas,aerosol,orsmoke;theseinitialsymptomsarefollowedbyasthma-likesymptomsandairwayhyperresponsivenessthatpersistforaprolongedperiod.PartIIVocabularyalbeit雖然，盡管（P94）althoughHeacceptedthejob,albeitwithsomehesitation.盡管有些猶豫，他還是接受了那份工作。Chriswentwithher,albeitreluctantly.盡管勉強，克里斯還是同她一起去了。Hehasaverygoodidea,albeitastrangeone.他的主意雖然有點怪，但還是挺好的。UsagenotesUnlikealthough(whichcanintroduceanounphrase,anadjectivalphrase,anadverbialphrase,orasubordinateclause),albeitcanintroduceonlyanounphrase,anadjectivalphrase,oranadverbialphrase.Genomics基因組學(xué)(P94)adisciplineingeneticsconcernedwiththestudyofthegenomesoforganisms.Hispanic：Thetermismorebroadlyusedtorefertotheculture,peoples,ornationswithahistoricallinktoSpain,especiallythosecountrieswhichwereoncecolonizedbySpain,particularlythecountriesofLatinAmericawhichwerecolonizedbySpainorancientHispania,whichtodaycomprisestheIberianPeninsulaincludingthemodernstatesofAndorra,Portugal,andSpainandtheBritishCrownDependencyofGibraltar(直布羅陀（海峽）).AdjustforThenifyouadjustforthebias,youendupconcludingthatthedeficitwasn't0.3%butthedeficitwasactually2%.那么如果你算上誤差,你會發(fā)現(xiàn),缺口不是0.3%,而是2%Youhavetoadjustforinflation.你必須考慮通脹PartIIIUsefulPatternsStressandPTSD:3-5daysafter….44%….US….stress2monthslater….increased…..Stress2monthslater….4%....US….PTSD2monthslater….11%....NYC….PTSDByNYAM….1-2monthsafter…southManhattan…7.5%PTSD&9.7%depression,6monthslater…bothdecreased.MentalHealthinChildrenNotaswellstudiedinchildrenasinadults.6monthsafter,9%...anxiety/depressivedisorder.6-9monthslater,withperi-eventpanicattacks…h(huán)avePTSD.2-4yearsafter,historyofothertrauma…h(huán)avesleepproblems.Firefighters:54%haveadailycough1styear,17