第二講調(diào)整貨物買賣國際慣例

2010Incoterms?2010（適用于各種運輸方式類ExWorksCarriagePaidDeliveredAtTerminalDeliveredAtPlaceDeliveredDutyFreeOnBoardCostandFreightCost,Insuranceand《Incoterms?2010》對《INCOTERMS2000D刪除，新增DAT、DAP11種貿(mào)易術語的含義。按照《Incoterms?2010》的解釋，DATDeliveredAtTerminal外，DAP和DAT的差異并不明顯。INCOTERMS2000Incoterms?2010每種貿(mào)易術語下的買賣雙方各自的A1/B1“Provisionofgoodsinconformitywiththecontract/PaymentoftheA1/B1“Generalobligationsofthe（buyer”A2/B2“Licences,authorizations “Licences, securityclearancesandotherformalities”A3/B3“ContractsofcarriageandA3/B3“ContractsofcarriageandA4/B4“Delivery/TakingA4/B4“Delivery/TakingA5/B5“TransferofA5/B5“TransferofA6/B6“AllocationofA6/B6“AllocationofA7/B7“Noticetothebuyer/A7/B7“Noticetothebuyer/A8/B8“Proofofdelivery,transportdocumentorequivalentelectronicmessage”A8/B8“Deliverydocument/ProofofInspectionofgoods”Inspectionofgoods”A10/B10“Otherandrelatedcosts”《Incoterms?2010但這一原則的適用，要以雙方都沒有過失并且該貨物已正式劃歸于合同項下為前提。11（DAT/DAP/DDP（FOB/CIF/CFR（FASFOBdefindinIncoterms?“FreeonBoard”meansthatthesellerdeliversthegoodsonboardthevesselnominatedbythebuyeratthenamedportofshipmentorprocuresthegoodsalreadysodelivered.Theriskoflossofordamagetothegoodspasseswhenthegoodsareonboardthevessel,andthebuyerbearsallcostsfromthatmomentonwards.RemarksontheaboveThisruleistobeusedonlyforseaorinlandwaterwayThesellerisrequiredeithertodeliverthegoodsonboardthevesselortocatersformultiplesalesdownachain(‘stringsales’),particularlycommoninthecommodityFOBmaynotbeappropriatewheregoodsarehandedovertothecarrierbeforetheyareonboardthevessel,forexamplegoodsincontainers,whicharetypicallydeliveredataterminal.Insuchsituations,theFCAruleshouldbeused.thesellerhasnoobligationtoclearthegoodsforimport,payanyimportdutyorcarryoutanyimportcustomsformalities.CIFdefindinIncoterms?“Cost,InsuranceandFreight”meansthatthesellerdeliversthegoodsonboardthevesselorprocuresthegoodsalreadysodelivered.Theriskoflossofordamagetothegoodspasseswhenthegoodsareonboardthevessel.Thesellernamedportofdestination.withthesellerortomakeitsownextrainsurancearrangements.RemarksontheaboveThisruleistobeusedonlyforseaorinlandwaterwaywhenithandsthegoodsovertothecarrierinthemannerspecifiedinthechosenruleandnotwhenthegoodsreachtheplaceofdestination.atdifferentplaces.Whilethecontractwillalwaysspecifyadestinationport,itmightnotspecifytheportofshipment,whichiswhereriskpassestothebuyer.ThesellerisrequiredeithertodeliverthegoodsonboardthevesselortoThereferenceto“procure”herecatersformultiplesalesdownachain(‘stringsales’),particularlycommoninthecommoditytrades.CIFmaynotbeappropriatewheregoodsarehandedovertothecarrierbeforetheyareonboardthevessel,forexamplegoodsincontainers,whicharetypicallydeliveredataterminal.Insuchcircumstances,theCIPruleshouldbeused.thesellerhasnoobligationtoclearthegoodsforimport,payanyimportdutyorcarryoutanyimportcustomsformalities.CFRdefindinIncoterms?orprocuresthegoodsalreadysodelivered.Theriskoflossofordamagetothegoodspasseswhenthegoodsareonboardthevessel.ThesellermustcontractforandpaythecostsandfreightnecessarytobringthegoodstothenamedportofRemarksontheaboveThisruleistobeusedonlyforseaorinlandwaterwaywhenithandsthegoodsovertothecarrierinthemannerspecifiedinthechosenruleandnotwhenthegoodsreachtheplaceofdestination.atdifferentplaces.Whilethecontractwillalwaysspecifyadestinationport,itmightnotspecifytheportofshipment,whichiswhereriskpassestothebuyer.ThesellerisrequiredeithertodeliverthegoodsonboardthevesselortoThereferenceto“procure”herecatersformultiplesalesdownachain(‘stringsales’),particularlycommoninthecommoditytrades.CFRmaynotbeappropriatewheregoodsarehandedovertothecarrierbeforetheyareonboardthevessel,forexamplegoodsincontainers,whicharetypicallydeliveredataterminal.Insuchcircumstances,theCPTruleshouldbeused.thesellerhasnoobligationtoclearthegoodsforimport,payanyimportdutyorcarryoutanyimportcustomsformalities.保費裝運港船上買方裝運港船上買方裝運港船上賣方使用CIF術語應注意的問題組術語有一些相似之處。應擴大使用FCA、CPT和CIP。出口貿(mào)易使用集裝箱海運時，對賣方而言采用FCA、CPT、CIPFOB、CFR、CIF術語更為有利。具體表現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：可以提前轉移風險，減少賣方的風險責任。FCA、CPT、CIPFOB、CFR、CIF合的，應采用FCA、CPT、CIP。EF組裝運術語未付地地式式式C組裝運術語運費式地式式地式D組到達端端式式式《Incoterms?2010》適用范圍只限于銷售合同當事人的權利、義務中與交貨有關的事順利發(fā)展起了很大作用。CFR合同由買方投保，運輸途中的風險由買方承擔，賣方在貨物裝船后如不及時發(fā)裝船通知，致使買方?jīng)]投保，則運輸途中的風險（。①由賣方承 ②仍按慣例由買方承CIF合同的貨物在裝船后因火災被焚，應由 ①賣方負擔損 ②賣方負責請求保險公司賠①CIF比