2024屆高考英語非謂語動(dòng)詞?？键c(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案（答案不全）

第第頁高考英語非謂語動(dòng)詞?？键c(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)解題策略：判斷動(dòng)詞用作謂語動(dòng)詞還是非謂語動(dòng)詞判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞终页龇侵^語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語非謂語功能形式非謂語功能形式動(dòng)名詞具有名詞功能，常在句中作主語，賓語，表語主動(dòng)式doing被動(dòng)式beingdone完成式havingdone/havingbeendone現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)和正在進(jìn)行，常在句中作定語，狀語，賓補(bǔ)一般式doing完成式havingdone過去分詞表被動(dòng)和已完成，常在句中作定語，狀語，補(bǔ)語一般式done進(jìn)行式beingdone完成式havingbeendone動(dòng)詞不定式表將來具體某一次，常在句中作主語，定語，狀語，補(bǔ)語，賓語，表語等一般式todo/tobedone進(jìn)行式tobedoing完成式tohavedone/tohavebeendone充當(dāng)主語的非謂語動(dòng)詞:-ing/-todo1.如果表語是不定式，主語也是不定式；表語是動(dòng)名詞，主語也是動(dòng)名詞。如：Toseeistobelieve.＝Seeingisbelieving.2.動(dòng)名詞作主語的句型。如：Itisnouse/nogood/uselessdoingsth.Itisawasteoftimedoing(也可用Itisawasteoftimetodo)3.動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)有兩種：Itisdifficult/easy/possible/necessary/...forsb.todosth.和Itiskind/wise/foolish/considerate/...ofsb.todo動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是由名詞所有格或“物主代詞＋動(dòng)名詞”構(gòu)成。在口語和非正式語體中，只要不是作主語，動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯主語常采用名詞通格或人稱代詞賓格。如：Hiscomingmademehappy.Ican'timaginehis/himlivingtherealone.4.動(dòng)名詞被動(dòng)式作主語(過去分詞不可作主語)。如：Beingexposedtothesunlightforalongtimedoesharmtoyourskin.即學(xué)即練：①It'sfoolish____________________________(你相信他說的話)．②It'simpossible____________________________(他做這樣的事)．③Doyoumind____________________________(我抽煙)?④It'snouse____________________________(你和他爭(zhēng)辯)．⑤________(go)abroadisanhonourtome.⑥________(take)abroadisanhonourtome.⑦_(dá)_______(devote)tohisworkmadehimsucceed.充當(dāng)賓語的非謂語動(dòng)詞：-ing/-todo1.下面的動(dòng)詞要求用不定式作賓語：attempt(企圖)，afford(負(fù)擔(dān)得起)，demand(要求)，long(渴望)，desire(渴望)，expect，hope，wish，want，swear(發(fā)誓)，volunteer(自愿)，offer(提供)，fail(未能)，plan，care(關(guān)心，喜歡)，happen(碰巧)，prepare(準(zhǔn)備)，learn(學(xué)習(xí))，choose(選擇)，hesitate(猶豫)，claim(要求)，promise，undertake(承接)，appear(似乎)，seek(尋覓)，refuse(拒絕)，decide(決定)，determine(決定)，manage(設(shè)法)，pretend(假裝)，agree(同意)，bother(煩惱)，intend(想要)，wait(等待)2.下面的動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語：acknowledge(承認(rèn))，admit(承認(rèn))，deny(否認(rèn))，mention(說到，講到)，tolerate/stand/bear(忍受)，dislike(不喜歡)，advocate(提倡，主張)，appreciate(感激，欣賞)，avoid(避免)，enjoy(享受)，envy(嫉妒)，delay(延遲)，postpone(延遲，延期)，escape(逃跑，逃避)，excuse/pardon/forgive(原諒)，fancy(幻想，愛好)，imagine(想象)，favour(造成，偏愛)，mind(介意)，miss(錯(cuò)過)，finish(完成)，resist(抵抗)，risk(冒險(xiǎn))，involve(包含)，practise(實(shí)踐)，suggest/advise/recommend(建議)，prevent(阻止)，keep(保持)，quit/abandon(放棄，停止)，understand(理解)，include(包括)3.后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞短語和句型有：have(no/much/some/...)difficulty/trouble/ahardtime(in)，takepleasurein，spendtime/money(in)，wastetime(in)，beworth，bebusy，feellike，becommittedto4.to作為介詞的短語有：lookforwardto，payattentionto，objectto＝beopposedto，bedevotedto，stickto，comecloseto(差一點(diǎn))，getdownto(開始認(rèn)真做)，get/beaccustomed/usedto(doing),leadto＝contributeto(sb.doing/beingdone)5.allow，permit，forbid，advise，recommend的用法：allow/permit/forbid/advise/recommend＋doingallow/permit/forbid/advise/recommend＋sb.＋todo如：Idon'tallowsmokinginmyroom.Idon'tallowhimtosmokeinmyroom.即學(xué)即練用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：①Weagreed________(meet)herebutsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet.②Thediscoveryofthenewevidenceledtothethief________(catch)．③Janeypretended__________(write)whenhermothercamein.④IcanhardlyimaginePeter________(sail)acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.⑤Thedoctoradvisedhim________(stop)smoking.6.既可以接-ing又可以接-todo，但意義有差別的動(dòng)詞①forgettodosth.忘記要去做某事(此事未做)forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事(此事已做過或已發(fā)生)remembertodosth.記得去做某事(未做)rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事(已做)②stoptodo停止(某件事)，目的是去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事goontodo繼續(xù)(去做另外一件事情)goondoing繼續(xù)(原先沒有做完的事情)③regrettodosth.對(duì)要做的事感到遺憾(遺憾地要去做某事)regretdoingsth.對(duì)過去做過的事或未做過的事感到后悔(后悔做過或未做過某事)④trytodo努力、企圖做trydoing試驗(yàn)、試一試某種辦法⑤meantodo(人)打算，有意要……meandoing(物)意味著⑥can'thelp(to)dosth.不能幫助做某事can'thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事即學(xué)即練用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：①Don'tyouremember________(see)themanbefore?②Iregret________(inform)youthatthemeetinghasbeencancelled.③Let'stry________(do)theworksomeotherway.④Ididn'tmean________(hurt)yourfeeling.⑤I'msobusythatIcan'thelp________(clean)thehousewithyou.⑥Afterwefinishedourhomework，wewenton________(review)thenewlesson.充當(dāng)表語的非謂語動(dòng)詞：-ing/-ed/-todo1.不定式作表語，一般表示具體動(dòng)作，特別是表示將來的動(dòng)作。動(dòng)名詞作表語，表示抽象的一般性的行為。Herhobbyisplayingbasketball.Herhobbyistoplaybasketball.HerjobistoteachEnglish.2.過去分詞作表語，表示“感到，覺得”，現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，表示“令人……”。此類詞有：embarrass，excite，interest，delight，disappoint，encourage，inspire，please，puzzle，satisfy，surprise，worry，convince等。即學(xué)即練用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：①Hiswishis________(go)abroad.②Hishobbyis________(collect)stamps.③Themostimportantthingis________(negotiate)withthemaboutthefutureoftheplant.④Whatheshoulddois________(work)hard.⑤Hefelt________(embarrass)．充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語的非謂語動(dòng)詞：-ing/-ed/-todo1.下面的動(dòng)詞要求用不定式作賓補(bǔ)(動(dòng)詞＋賓語＋動(dòng)詞不定式)：ask(請(qǐng)，叫)，tell(告訴)，get(使，讓)，prefer(喜歡，寧愿)，like(喜歡)，force(強(qiáng)迫)，press(迫使)，require(要求)，request(請(qǐng)求)，advise(勸告)，pray(請(qǐng)求)，remind(提醒)，beg(請(qǐng)求)，invite(吸引，邀請(qǐng))，command(命令)，order(命令)，intend(想要，企圖)，drive(驅(qū)趕)，train(訓(xùn)練)，cause(引起)，instruct(指示)，direct(指導(dǎo))，warn(告誡)，enable(使能夠)，need(需要)，urge(激勵(lì)，力說)，inspire(鼓舞)，encourage(鼓勵(lì))，want(想要)，lead(引起，使得)，teach(教)，wish(希望)。2.感官動(dòng)詞，如：see，watch，observe，notice，lookat，hear，listento，feel等。感官動(dòng)詞后可接不帶to的不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。使役動(dòng)詞have，make的用法(注意have作為“有”的用法)：使役動(dòng)詞have可接不帶to的不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語；make后接不帶to的不定式、過去分詞、名詞、形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。3.catch，find，get，leave，keep，set，send后接非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。即學(xué)即練用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：①Ioftenhearhim________(sing)thesong.Ioftenhearthesong________(sing)．Iheardhim________(sing)thesongwhenIpassedby.Iheardthesong________(sing)whenIpassedby.②I'mleavingforBeijingtomorrow.Doyouhaveanything________(take)toyourson?Iwon'thaveyou________(talk)tohimlikethat!Ihadhim________(repair)mybike.Ihadmybike________(repair)．Youshouldn'thavethelight________(burn)allthenight.③Hisletterleftme________(feel)prettybad.Heleftthework________(unfinish)．Youcanleavehim________(finish)thework.Whatshesaidsetme________(think)．Thepushsenthim________(fall)down.充當(dāng)狀語的非謂語動(dòng)詞：-ing/-ed/--todo-ing/-ed除表示伴隨之外還表示時(shí)間、讓步或條件。-to除了表示目的，還表示結(jié)果、情感或心理狀態(tài)原因。尤其注意表示特性的形容詞(comfortable，difficult，easy等)后接的不定式要用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。即學(xué)即練用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：①________(turn)totheright，youwillfindthehospital.②________(give)moretime，Iwillfinishthework.③________(wait)forabus，Imetafriendofmine.④Hewasexcited________(hear)thenews.⑤Hedidallhecould________(help)peopleinneed.⑥Theplacehereferredtoishard________(find)．充當(dāng)定語的非謂語動(dòng)詞：-ing/-ed/-to不定式作定語，表示將來；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，表示正在發(fā)生或主動(dòng)；過去分詞作定語，表示過去或被動(dòng)。此外，在warning，ability，failure，determination，wish，decision等詞后面用不定式作定語；不定式作定語還可用來修飾序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)或no，all，any等限定語。即學(xué)即練用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：①Themeeting________(hold)tomorrowisimportant.②Themeeting________(hold)nowisimportant.③Themeeting________(hold)yesterdaywasimportant.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞作定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語時(shí)，與它所補(bǔ)充說明的名詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系；而過去分詞作定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語時(shí)，與它所補(bǔ)充說明的名詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。即學(xué)即練用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：①________(see)fromthetopofthehill，thepeopleonthestreetlooklikeants.________(see)thescene，thepeopleonthestreetletoutacryofjoy.②Theroom________(face)southisourclassroom.Theroom________(paint)whiteismine.③WhenIreturned，Ifoundthedoor________(lock)．WhenIreturned，Ifoundhim________(watch)TV.“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)疑問詞who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可構(gòu)成一種特殊的不定式短語。它在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。即學(xué)即練用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：When________(start)hasnotbeendecided.特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：onlytodo，nevertodo，onlydoingonlytodo意為“結(jié)果卻”；nevertodo意為“結(jié)果卻再?zèng)]有”；onlydoing意為“只是做”。即學(xué)即練用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：①Hewasbusywritingastory，only________(stop)onceinawhiletosmokeacigarette.②Hehurriedthere，only________(tell)thetrainhadleft.③Helefthome，never________(hear)from.一致性不定式和分詞的邏輯主語必須與主句的主語保持一致，否則只能用從句或獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。即學(xué)即練完成下列句子：①______________thefilm(看電影的時(shí)候)，hecried.②________thefilm(看電影的時(shí)候)，tearscamedownhisface.with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)with后面的賓補(bǔ)可以是形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞(表主動(dòng))、過去分詞(表被動(dòng))、不定式(表將來)。with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作原因或伴隨狀語，還可以作定語。即學(xué)即練用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：①Withalotofhomework________(finish)，Ican'tgowithyou.②Withalotofhomework________(finish)，Iwenthomeandhadarest.③Withaboy________(help)us，wefoundtheplaceeasily.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：①名詞(代詞)＋現(xiàn)在分詞(與前面構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系)；②名詞(代詞)＋過去分詞(與前面構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系)；③名詞(代詞)＋不定式(表將來)；④名詞(代詞)＋副詞；⑤名詞(代詞)＋形容詞；⑥名詞(代詞)＋介詞短語；⑦名詞(代詞)＋名詞。Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.Therebeingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.Hecameintotheroom,hisearsredwithcold.Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.Thevillagers,mostofthemwomenandchildren,werekilledthatnight.即學(xué)即練完成下列句子：①M(fèi)anypeopleweremissing，mostof________women.＝Manypeopleweremissing，mostof________werewomen.②Time________(permit)(＝Iftimepermits)，wewillgothere.③Time________(give)(＝Iftimeisgiven)，Iwillfinishitalone.評(píng)注性分詞評(píng)注性分詞有：judgingfrom/by(按照……判斷)，considering(就……而言)，generallyspeaking(總的來說)，talking/speakingof(說起)。但是注意區(qū)別judge和consider作為及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)的用法。即學(xué)即練用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：①________(judge)fromhisaccent，heisfromHunan.________(judge)tobethebest，hewashonoured.②________(consider)hisage，hehasdonewell.________(consider)asoneofthebiggestcitiesintheworld，Shanghaiisverypopularnow.被動(dòng)形式表主動(dòng)意義的幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞beseated＝sit，belocated＝lie，bedressedin＝wear，beleft＝remain，bedevotedto＝devoteoneselfto。即學(xué)即練用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：①Doyouknowthegirl________(seat)underthetree?②Therearemanyproblems________(remain)tobesolved.Therearemanyproblems________(leave)unsolved.③________(devote)toscience，hewillberememberedforever.________(devote)allhislifetoscience，hewillberememberedforever.非謂語動(dòng)詞的完成式和否定式當(dāng)非謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前，要用完成式。非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定式放在不定式、動(dòng)名詞或分詞前。即學(xué)即練用括號(hào)里所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：①________(see)hismother，thechildsmiled.②________(see)thefilmmanytimes，Iknowitwell.③________(show)aroundthelab，thevisitorsweretakentothelibrary.④Hismothertoldhim________(notleave)hisworkunfinished.⑤Helookedforward________(notcancel)theconcert.⑥________(notreceive)hisanswer，Idecidedtowritetohimagain.判斷用并列謂語還是非謂語有時(shí)要區(qū)分用謂語還是非謂語?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表伴隨動(dòng)作和謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。并列謂語之間有and,用在最后一個(gè)謂語前，構(gòu)成AandB,或A、BandC;否則，要把其中一個(gè)變?yōu)榉侵^語。即學(xué)即練①Atlast,wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithtreesprovidingshadeand______（sit）downtoeatourpicniclunch.②Asthelightturnedgreen,Istoodforamoment,not______(move)，andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.判斷表示原因、伴隨、結(jié)果還是表目的即學(xué)即練①Lotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock,______（send）suppliestoYushu,QinghaiProvinceaftertheearthquake.②Iexplainedthetheoryasclearlyaspossible,______(hope)tomakeiteasy______(understand).therebe結(jié)構(gòu)there＋be＋名詞＋doing/done/todo；deny/appreciate/mind/imagine/admit＋介詞＋therebeing；want/expect/hope/wish/like/hate/wouldlike/prefer/mean/intend＋theretobe。therebeing是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。Thereisnodoing意為“不可能……，無法……”。即學(xué)即練用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：①Thereisagreatdealofevidence________(indicate)thatmusicactivitiesengagedifferentpartsofthebrain.②Thestudentsexpectedthere________(be)morereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexams.③Annneverdreamsofthere________(be)forhertobesentabroadverysoon.④There________(be)nomoneyleft,Ican'tbuythebook.不定式to后的省略一般保留動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to，若to后有助動(dòng)詞have,be,havebeen,則也要保留。即學(xué)即練①Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim________（do）．不定式to的省略①不定式作表語時(shí)，如果前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的形式時(shí)，to要省略；②不定式作感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，要省略to；③由并列連詞and，except,but,than,or連接兩個(gè)以上的具有相同意義或功能的不定式時(shí)，第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to；[注]如果兩個(gè)不定式表示對(duì)照或?qū)Ρ龋瑒t不能省略to。如：It'seasiertomakeaplanthantocarryitout.④動(dòng)詞help后用作賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，不定式可以不帶to；⑤“whynot＋省略to的不定式(動(dòng)詞原形)”表示建議，意為“為什么不”；“why＋省略to的不定式(動(dòng)詞原形)”表示不贊成；⑥動(dòng)詞不定式作but,except的賓語時(shí)，如果前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的形式時(shí)，要省略to；⑦不定式構(gòu)成的特殊句式：too與ready,easy,willing,eager,anxious等形容詞連用，此時(shí)不定式?jīng)]有否定意義，too相當(dāng)于very。如：Iamtoowillingtohelpyou.too在not,never,only,all,but后，不定式表示肯定含義。即學(xué)即練①Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebut______（meet）anevengreaterchallenge.②—It'salongtimesinceIsawmysister.—Whynot________(visit)herthisweekend?③Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,______(make)itmoredifficult.強(qiáng)化練習(xí)：寫作翻譯練習(xí)1.醫(yī)生提醒病人手術(shù)后不要吃油膩的食物。Thepateintwaswarnednottoeatoilyfoodafteroperation.下班后別忘記關(guān)燈。Don’tforgettoturnoffthelightsafterwork.我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是打羽毛球。Myfavoritesportisplayingbadminton.4.她唯一感興趣的就是跳舞。Theonlythingsheisinterestedinisdancing.我后悔沒聽老師的忠告Iregretnothavingfollowedtheteacher’sadvice.我將非常感激您今天下午給我回電（appreciate）Iwouldappreciateyourcallingbackthisafternoon.我真的無法忍受毫他的指責(zé)。Ireallycan’tstandbeingblamedbyhim.8.由于不知道該干什么，他就去向老師求助。Notknowingwhat