老高考適用2023版高考英語二輪總復(fù)習(xí)第1部分閱讀能力突破篇專題1閱讀理解第1講細(xì)節(jié)理解題課件

第一部分閱讀能力突破篇專題一閱讀理解第1講細(xì)節(jié)理解題高頻考點(diǎn)·研析透細(xì)節(jié)理解題考查考生對閱讀材料中的某一具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的理解，特點(diǎn)是題干針對原文提到的某事物、現(xiàn)象或理論進(jìn)行發(fā)問。細(xì)節(jié)理解題有時(shí)比較直接，理解字面意思即可答題；有時(shí)則較為間接，需要?dú)w納、概括和推理才能答題。細(xì)節(jié)理解題占閱讀理解總題量的60%左右，是最重要的得分點(diǎn)?？键c(diǎn)1直接細(xì)節(jié)題辨明題類直接細(xì)節(jié)題常以應(yīng)用文的形式出現(xiàn)在考題中，涉及的話題有：廣告類、活動(dòng)安排類、書籍電影介紹類、演出信息類等。題目一般就文中的某一具體事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)設(shè)題，設(shè)問方式多為以5W1H(what,who,when,where,why和how)等開頭的特殊疑問句，在原文中可直接找到答案。技法點(diǎn)撥直接細(xì)節(jié)題主要考查對某句話或某幾句話的理解，“題干定位法”是做事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題最基本的也是最常用的方法：第一步：根據(jù)題干內(nèi)容提取關(guān)鍵信息定位詞。定位詞主要是題干中的名詞、動(dòng)詞和數(shù)詞等，即問題的核心信息。在原文中查找定位詞或定位詞的近義詞，找出相關(guān)的句子；第二步：運(yùn)用跳讀、略讀技巧快速在原文中查找定位詞或定位詞的近義詞，迅速定位原文，找出相關(guān)的句子；第三步：分析對比選項(xiàng)與文中細(xì)節(jié)，得出正確答案。真題體驗(yàn)(2022·全國乙卷D)TheGovernment?ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity(肥胖).Itisbelievedthattoday?schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate￡240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers(制造商)sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers?effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.Today?sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities(設(shè)施)andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.34．Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected？______A．Mostalcoholicdrinks.B．Milk-baseddrinks.C．Fruitjuices.D．ClassicCoke.【解題示范】第一步：閱讀題干，找出題干關(guān)鍵詞

thesugartaxiscollected；第二步：迅速定位到

第五段

“However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.(然而，一些高糖品牌，如經(jīng)典可口可樂，已經(jīng)接受了糖稅，并拒絕改變，因?yàn)閾?dān)心會惹惱消費(fèi)者。果汁、以牛奶為原料的飲料和大多數(shù)酒精飲料是免稅的，每年生產(chǎn)不到100萬升的小公司也是免稅的。)”可知，糖稅主要來自經(jīng)典可口可樂這些高糖品牌。仔細(xì)對比選項(xiàng)，前三個(gè)選項(xiàng)是“freeofthetax”。故選

D。考點(diǎn)2間接細(xì)節(jié)題辨明題類考查間接信息題時(shí)，正確選項(xiàng)一般都會在原文基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行改造。常用方式是同義詞替換或釋義，即把文中語言(詞匯和句式結(jié)構(gòu))改頭換面，或者把文中信息整合歸納，來表達(dá)相同的意思。技法點(diǎn)撥在做間接細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)，要根據(jù)所找信息，分析選項(xiàng)，對比其中所用詞匯，以及表達(dá)方式，最后確定選項(xiàng)。第一步：閱讀題干，確定關(guān)鍵詞；第二步：定位題干關(guān)鍵詞的轉(zhuǎn)換形式(同義詞、近義詞、釋義等)，或者對原文的概括歸納，鎖定原文相關(guān)信息；第三步：利用正確選項(xiàng)特征，確定答案。正確選項(xiàng)特征：(1)用同義或近義詞(組)復(fù)現(xiàn)。(2)同根詞或原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。(3)語言簡化或?qū)υ母爬w納。簡化原文中的復(fù)雜語言現(xiàn)象，或者用一句話概括歸納原文的某一部分，并設(shè)置為答案。(4)反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá)。真題體驗(yàn)(2021·全國乙卷D)Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction(干擾)inhisopenoffice,hesaid,“That?swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus.”Hiscommentstruckmeasstrange.Afterall,coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenofficelayout(布局).ButIrecentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapproachworks.Theresearchersexaminedvariouslevelsofnoiseonparticipantsastheycompletedtestsofcreativethinking.Theywererandomlydividedintofourgroupsandexposedtovariousnoiselevelsinthebackground,fromtotalsilenceto50decibels(分貝),70decibels,and85decibels.Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup—thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop—significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.Sincetheeffectsweresmall,thismaysuggestthatourcreativethinkingdoesnotdifferthatmuchinresponsetototalsilenceand85decibelsofbackgroundnoise.Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresignificant,thestudyalsosuggeststhattherightlevelofbackgroundnoise—nottooloudandnottotalsilence—mayactuallyimproveone?screativethinkingability.Therightlevelofbackgroundnoisemayinterruptournormalpatternsofthinkingjustenoughtoallowourimaginationstowander,withoutmakingitimpossibletofocus.Thiskindof“distractedfocus”appearstobethebeststateforworkingoncreativetasks.Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan?tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers?conversationswhilewe?retryingtofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatface-to-faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocess,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.32．Whydoestheinterviewerpreferacoworkingspace？________A．Ithelpshimconcentrate.B．Itblocksoutbackgroundnoise.C．Ithasapleasantatmosphere.D．Itencouragesface-to-faceinteractions.【解題示范】第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞：

theinterviewer

和

preferacoworkingspace；第二步：辨別選項(xiàng)(Ithelpshimconcentrate.)定位到

第一段

“That?swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus.(那就是為什么我在街對面的公用辦公空間有會員資格——這樣我就可以集中精力了。)”可知，采訪者喜歡共享辦公空間的原因是那里可以幫助他集中精力。對比選項(xiàng)和信息句可知，concentrate替換了文中的focus，進(jìn)行了語義轉(zhuǎn)化。故選

A?？键c(diǎn)3數(shù)字計(jì)算題辨明題類既然是閱讀理解題，數(shù)字計(jì)算題并不是真正考查考生的數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算能力，主要仍是考查考生對文中涉及一些數(shù)字的某部分和題干的理解能力，數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算方面是很基礎(chǔ)的，簡單的。技法點(diǎn)撥1．審明題干要求，提取題干中的關(guān)鍵詞尋讀原文，同時(shí)標(biāo)記數(shù)字、時(shí)間、年代等相關(guān)信息。2．弄清題干詢問數(shù)據(jù)與原文數(shù)據(jù)的邏輯關(guān)系，并進(jìn)行加減乘除計(jì)算。3．特殊信息詞應(yīng)注意：(1)特殊數(shù)字：decade十年；fortnight兩周；double兩倍；couple兩個(gè)；score二十；dozen十二。(2)特殊詞匯：off削價(jià)，減價(jià)；discount折扣。真題體驗(yàn)(2021·全國乙卷A)TheBiggestStadiumsintheWorldPeoplehavebeenpouringintostadiumssincethedaysofancientGreece.Inaround8A.D.,theRomansbuilttheColosseum,whichremainstheworld?sbestknownstadiumandcontinuestoinformcontemporarydesign.Rome?sColosseumwas157feettallandhad80entrances,seating50,000people.However,thatwassmallfrycomparedwiththecity?sCircusMaximus,whichaccommodatedaround250,000people.Thesedays,safetyregulations—nottomentionthemodernsportsfan?sdesireforagoodviewandcomfortableseat—tendtokeepstadiumcapacities(容量)slightlylower.Evensoccerfanstendtohaveaseateach;gonearethedaysofthousandsstandingtowatchthematch.Forthebiggeststadiumsintheworld,wehaveuseddatasuppliedbytheWorldAtlaslistsofar,whichranksthembytheirstatedpermanentcapacity,aswellasupdatedinformationfromofficialstadiumwebsites.Allthesestadiumsarestillfunctional,stillopenandstillhostingthebiggesteventsinworldsport.?Rungrado1stof