開放英語1-講義

開放英語1講義ThisisEnglish12007年秋開放英語1ThisisEnglish1課程說明通過本課程的學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生應(yīng)能掌握一定的英語語言基礎(chǔ)知識,具備初步的聽、說、讀、寫能力：能掌握1,100詞左右的常用詞匯（包括入學(xué)時要求掌握的600詞）和相關(guān)的常用詞組；能聽懂發(fā)音清楚、語速較慢的教學(xué)用語和日常生活用語；能用英語進(jìn)行簡單的日常交談；能讀懂所學(xué)詞匯和語法范圍內(nèi)的故事、短文及通知、便函等；能夠用便條轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)具體信息，寫出簡短的私人信函。同時，本課程通過提供一些英語國家的文化背景知識，增強(qiáng)學(xué)生對這些國家的了解，幫助學(xué)生提高語言的實際應(yīng)用能力。形成性考核成績及成績比例1。形成性考核要求:本課程的形成性考核總成績?yōu)榘俜种疲蠄笫‰姶?。形成性考核成績占期末總成績?0分，由平時作業(yè)完成情況及小組學(xué)習(xí)情況構(gòu)成。1)作業(yè)次數(shù)：3次內(nèi)容：主教材《開放英語1》中的復(fù)習(xí)與自測單元：6、12、18單元。平時作業(yè)成績占形成性考核成績的75%，即20分中的15分。2）小組學(xué)習(xí)情況占形成性考核成績的25%，即20分中的5分。學(xué)生以小組為單位進(jìn)行自學(xué)形成性考核成績及成績比例4、考核說明本課程的測試由形成性考核和課程終結(jié)考試兩部分組成，形成性考核占總成績20%，課程終結(jié)考試占80%。形成性考核以平常作業(yè)完成情況，面授輔導(dǎo)課的參與情況以及小組學(xué)習(xí)情況為依據(jù)。課程終結(jié)考試內(nèi)容包括大綱規(guī)定掌握的基本語言知識和技能，其中聽力測試成績占課程終結(jié)考試的20%。形式為閉卷，筆答?？荚嚂r間為120分鐘。遠(yuǎn)程輔導(dǎo)聯(lián)系方式1）中央電大網(wǎng)站：/該課程組成員：劉黛琳、孫建華、武艷和劉明園。外語部電子郵箱：mailto:wyb@Tel0707周二、四值班答疑遠(yuǎn)程輔導(dǎo)聯(lián)系方式"中國電大報"英語專業(yè)版刊登助學(xué)輔導(dǎo)材料2）省校的文字輔助材料可通過福建電大網(wǎng)上查詢:http:\\WWW.省電大責(zé)任教師：嚴(yán)春容Email:ycr@Tel二、四下午值班答疑邵武電大輔導(dǎo)教師：黃香喜Tel:6224449Email:swhxx3335@163.comUnit1Unit2Unit3介紹自己或他人詢問自己或他人的情況討論休閑活動討論旅行安排時間的表示提議與應(yīng)答Tobetohavetodo三種動詞的用法基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞Therebe句型6。動詞tobeIamweareyouaretheyareheissheisitis肯定式Heisamanager.否定式Heisn’tamanager.疑問式Isheamanager?isnot=isn’tarenot=aren’theis=he’ssheis=she’sIam=I’mweare=we’retheyare=they’rewhatis=what’swhereis=where’s

代詞人稱代詞主格：Iweyoutheyhesheit形容詞性物主代詞：myouryourtheirhisherits

在名詞后加`s表示所屬關(guān)系-----的行為動詞todo動詞第三人稱單數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式1）一般情況+s2）以shcho結(jié)尾加-es3）以輔音字母+y（元音字母+y收尾的情況不同）4）特殊變化liketodosth.likedoingsth.表達(dá)問候的方式HiHelloHowareyou?Fine.Andyou?Howdoyoudo?Goodmorning.Goodafternoon.Goodevening.Goodnight.行為動詞肯定式，否定式，疑問式動詞todo肯定式Ilikeswimming.Theyworkhard.Hegoestowork.否定式don't+v.doesn't+v.Idon'tlikeswimming.Theydon'tworkhard.Hedoesn'tgotowork.疑問式Do+主+v.+---?Does+主+v.+----?Doyoulikeswimming?Yes,Ido.No,Idon't.Dotheyworkhard?Doeshegotowork?Yes,Idoes.No,Idoesn't.DoesLiPingenjoyworking?頻度副詞adverbsoffrequencyneversometimesoftenusuallyalways注意頻度副詞在句子中有不同的位置1。在動詞tobe之后IamusuallyathomeonSunday.Hewasalwayslateforschool.2。在實意動詞之后Heusuallygoestoworkatseveno'clock.WesometimeshaveEnglishclassesonSunday.在含有助動詞的句子中

在含有助動詞的句子中助動詞+頻度副詞+實意動詞

Hedoesn'tusuallygotoworkatseveno'clock.Wedon'tsometimeshaveEnglishclassesonSunday.動詞tohave1。具有（特點(diǎn)）Ihaveblackhair.2。擁有Weallhavehappyfamily.3。吃，喝，上課，休息haveacupofcoffeehavebreakfast/lunch/supperhaveclasseshaveabreak對于1，2兩種have=havegothas=hasgot其中否定式haven'thasn'tIhaven'tblackhair.weallhaven'thappyfamily疑問式Haveyoublackhair?Haveyouhappyfamily?Yes,Ihave.Yes,wehave.No,Ihaven't.No,wehaven't.第三種相當(dāng)于實意動詞Hehaslunchinthecanteen.Hedoesn'thavelunchinthecanteen.Doeshehavelunchinthecanteen?Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesn't.疑問句特殊句：疑問詞+一般疑問句P21時間表示法表示時間的介詞atforfrom---to提議與應(yīng)答（1）

Wouldyoulikesth.?Wouldyouliketodosth.?Wouldyoulikesomesugar?/acupofcoffee?Wouldyouliketohaveacupofcoffee?Yes,please.Yes,Iwould,thanks.No,thanks.No,Iwouldn't,thanks.

Whatwouldyouliketodo?Whatwouldyoulike?Iwouldlike-----基數(shù)詞：1.1~12onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelve2.13~19個位數(shù)+teenthirteenfourteenfifteeneighteen3.2030405060---90個位數(shù)+tytwentythirtyfortyfifty4.hundred百thousand千million百billion十億5.21twenty-one6.121onehundredandtwenty-one7.1121onethousand,onehundredandtwenty-one序數(shù)詞

1.1~3firstsecondthird2.4~9基數(shù)詞+thfifthnintheighthtwelfth3.二十，三十-----ty-tiethtwentiethhundredth不定冠詞:a,an定冠詞the指示代詞thisthesethatthosetherebe句型therebe指某處（某時）有/存在have/has擁有，具有therebe+主語+----Thereisamanintheoffice.Therearetwoplantsinthehouse.疑問句IsthereArethere+主語+----?Isthereamanintheoffice?Aretheretwoplantsinthehouse?回答:Yes,thereis.No,thereisn't.UsefullanguageageNameGivenNameSurnameAgeNationalityMarriedstatusYes/NoJobHomeAddressTelephoneNumberWorkAddressworkfor為----工作

workat在-----單位工作

workin在-----地點(diǎn)工作

workwith和----一起工作pleasedI'mpleasedtomeetyou.Itisnicetomeetyou.Itisgladtomeetyou.enjoydoingsthenjoysthIenjoymywork.Ienjoyflying.singleroomdoubleroomsignsignatureMr.Mrs.MsMiss+姓（姓名）不能加名JohnBlackMr.Black(Mr.JohnBlack)×Mr.BlackUnit4Unit5Unit7學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)表示所屬關(guān)系詢問他人的工作表示工作地點(diǎn)表示工作領(lǐng)域表示擁有現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時提出建議談?wù)搩r格澄清意思描述住所提建議表達(dá)批評打電話預(yù)約時間詢問所需時間家庭關(guān)系詞匯grandmothergrandfatherbrother-in-lawsister-in-lawsondaughterauntunclehusbandwifemotherfatherparentsbrothersisterniecenephewcousin現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時

be+v-ingbe:amisare肯定句Heiseatingasandwich.SheisworkinginNewYorkatthemoment.Theyaresittingoverthere.Iamwritingaletter.否定句benot+v-ingIamnotwritingaletter.Heisn'teatingasandwich.Theyaren'tsittingoverthere.一般疑問句Be+主語+v–ing?Areyouwritingaletter?Isheeatingasandwich?Aretheysittingoverthere?特殊疑問句who(wherewhathowwhenwhich)+be+主+v-ing+---?Whoareyouwaitingfor?Whereishehavinglunch?現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的用法

1。說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作2。這一段正在進(jìn)行的活動（此活動有可能此時此刻沒有進(jìn)行）LiuFaniscurrentlyworkingonTVadvertisement,butrightnowhe'sonholiday.提出建議

Whatabout+v-ingHowabout+v-ingWhydon'tyou+v?Whataboutlookingforanewflat?Whataboutdoingadictation?Whydon'tyougotoanestateagent?Well,Idon'tknow.（表示她說不準(zhǔn)這個建議好不好）Yes,that'sagoodidea.（表示她贊同這個建議）表示請求表示建議表示請求Couldyou+v---?Couldyoutellmeyourtelephonenumber?(Yes,ofcourse.No,sorry.Certainly.Ofcourse.)3。表示建議Wouldyouliketo+v---?Wouldyouliketohaveacoffee?Yes,please.No,thankyou.詢問價格Howmuchis---?Howmuchdoes---cost?Howmuchistherent?Howmuchdoesthecomputercost?詢問花多長時間

花費(fèi)時間：Ittakes+(某人)+時間+todosth.Sthtakes+(某人)+時間IttakesusthreehourstoflytoBeijing.Theflighttakesthreehours.Howlongdoestheflighttake?HowlongdoesittaketoflytoBeijing?Itdoesn'ttakeusthreehourstoflytoBeijing.Theflightdoesn'ttakethreehours.表達(dá)批評

表達(dá)批評性評論常用的句式too+形容詞太---not+形容詞+enough不夠---Thekitchenistoodark.Thekitchenisnotbrightenough.Thetableissmall.ThetableisnotbigenoughfortwopeopleUsefullanguageatthemoment目前Heisn'tworkingatthemoment.WangLiisplanninganewmarketingcompagnatthemoment,butrightnowheisvisitingNewYork.WangLi正在策劃一個營銷活動，不過此刻他正在訪問紐約。onone'sownIwasonmyownathomeyesterdayevening.Xiaoyanissittingonherowninherofficewhenthephonerings..waitforXiaoyaniswaitingforanimportanttelephonecallfromherbossinShanghai.Heiswaitingforhissonatthegateoftheschool.rightnowHeisworkingonnewspaperadvertisements.ButheistalkingtoMaryrightnow.beresponsibleforSheisresponsibleforteachingbusinessEnglish.penny在英國貨幣中，便士penny(pence)英鎊pound100便士=1英鎊便士的符號p放在數(shù)字的后面，英鎊的符號￡，放在數(shù)字前面。￡1onepound￡24twentyfourpounds￡2.45twopoundsfourtyfive(pence)90pninetypencebenervousXiaoyanisalwaysnervousonthephone.ringupcallphoneringup.hasgot=hashavegot=haveIhavegotadictionary.Haveyougotadictionary?Yes,Ihave.Ihaveadictionary.Haveyouadictionary?Yes,Ihave.Doyouhaveadictionary?Yes,Ido.tiredHeistired.tiredfrom因---而疲憊的boredby因---而厭倦excitedabout因---感到激動的worriedabout因---擔(dān)心的frightenedabout因---害怕的depressedby因---而抑郁的2.invitePollyinviteXiaoyantohaveadance.invitationXiaoyanacceptstheinvitation.Unit8Unit9Unit10學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)表示允許/不允許談?wù)撎鞖?氣候描述城市談?wù)撜诎l(fā)生的事情表達(dá)指令描述物品所在的位置描述住地設(shè)施的方位問路/指路談?wù)撊说耐饷埠托愿裉卣鞫陶Z動詞表達(dá)提議談?wù)摂?shù)量打電話的開始語與結(jié)束語請求他人做某事情態(tài)動詞can:表示允許Youcansmokeinthegarden.Youcan'tsmokeinthekitchen.CanIusethecookerinthekitchen?肯定式：主語+can+v+---否定式：主語+can't(cannot)+v+---疑問式：Can+主語+v+---?一般現(xiàn)在時：表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：表示說話此刻正在發(fā)生的事情或現(xiàn)階段從事的事情。Heistalkingwithyourteacher.Takeanumbrellawithyou.Itisrainingoutside.Sheislearninghowtorideabicyclethesedays.Thearedoingscientificresearchworkthesedays.3.英語中表示相對靜止的物質(zhì)，心理及情感狀態(tài)的動詞通常只用于一般時態(tài)，而不用進(jìn)行時。behave/havegotlikelovehate1.天氣：weatherWhatistheweatherlikein+某地Itis+形容詞Itis+v-ing2.氣候：climate描述城市：WhatisLondonlike?WhatisShaowulike?回答：be+形容詞Shaowuissmall,quietandbeautiful.祈使句祈使句的結(jié)構(gòu)：祈使句表示請求和命令Putitonthesmalltable.Standthelamponthedesk.Don'tputthemonthedesk.Let's=LetusLet's+v句型問路和指路1)Whereis+場所？2)Whereisthenearest+場所？3)Isthere+a/an+場所？Whereisthehospital?Whereisthenearestprimaryschool?Isthereasupermarketnearourschool?HowdoIgetthere?HowdoIgettothebusstation?WheredoIgeton?WheredoIgetoff?短語動詞短語動詞：動詞+介詞/副詞短語動詞需整體記憶getup起床geton上車/相處getoff下車/動身，離開getabout走動，旅行g(shù)etsb.down使---情緒低落表達(dá)提議：1.Wouldyoulike+名詞2.Wouldyoulike+to+動詞3.Wouldyoulike+代詞+to+動詞4.ShallI+動詞原形可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞名詞：專有名詞個體名詞集體名詞物質(zhì)名詞抽象名詞1。可數(shù)名詞有復(fù)數(shù)形式2。不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式3。someanylotsofalotof既可用于修飾可數(shù)名詞，又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞4.不論可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞，如果用一個表示量的詞來修飾時，有用ofakiloofriceacartonofacupofabagof4.twocoffees=twocupsofcoffeetwoteas=twocupsoftea動詞need

1.needtodo（動詞不定式）2.need+名詞3.否定式:doesn'tneeddon'tneed4.疑問式：Do+主語+need---Does+主語+need---eg:Ineedsomesugar.Heneedstogetsomeprawns.Idon'tneedanysugar.Hedoesn'tneedtogetanyprawns.Doyouneedanysugar?Doesheneedtogetanyprawns?some和any

注意：疑問句中有時也用some而不用any。如在表達(dá)提議的句子中:Wouldyoulikesomewine?CouldIhavesomeoranges,please?howmany和howmuch1.Howmanydoweneedtobuy?2.Howmuchcreamdoweneedtobuyforfourpeople?howmany,howmuch問東西或人有多少howmany:用于可數(shù)名詞howmuch:用于不可數(shù)名詞或詢問價格Howmanyapplesdoyouneedtobuy?Howmanylycheesarethereinatin?HowmuchmilkshallIget?Howmuchmineralwaterdoyouwant?Usefullanguage1.putupDon'tputuppostersonthewall.2.parkCanIparkinthestaffcarpark?No,I'mafraidyoucan't.Youcanparkbehindthebuilding.NoParking!3.abroadgoabroadphoneabroad4.minusThetemperaturedoesn'tgobelowminus15degreesinspring.描述城市的詞匯：beautiful-uglybig-smallbusy-calmclean-dirty(polluted)crowed-emptyexpensive-cheapmodern-old-fashionedquiet-noisysafe-dangerouswell-organized-chaotic1.sitaround2.donoexercise=don'tdoanyexercise3.feellike4.twiceaweekoncetwicethreetimesfourtimes5.workout6.furtheraway7.Whatisitlike?8.getongetoff1.lookaroundfor2.getchanged3.putonweight4.workoffUnit11Unit13Unit14學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)1.詢問他人意見。2.表達(dá)同意他人意見。3.表達(dá)興趣和愛好。4.表示順序。5.how的用法6.why/because7.一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的日程安排。8.動詞tobe和tofeel用于描述過去的經(jīng)歷和情感9.時間表達(dá)。10談身體鍛煉。11.描述人的特點(diǎn)。12描述人的能力。13用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時來表達(dá)將來的安排。14形容詞的比較級。Unit11一.Activity1Usefullanguage:1.thinkof+名詞/動詞-ing:認(rèn)為WhatdoyouthinkoflivinginLondon?Whatdothinkoftheweatherhere?2.bedifferentfrom與---不同DoyouthinkChinaischangingalot?Ithinkit’sverydifferentfromtheWestIthinkthattheparksarelovely.Ithinkyoujustlikedrinkingcoffee!enjoy享受，欣賞，喜愛，過得快活I(lǐng)enjoythefilm.Iamenjoythelongsummerevenings.toenjoydoingsomething喜歡干什么LiPingenjoysgoingtothecinema.toenjoyoneself過得快活，盡情地玩，享受Pleaseenjoyyourselfattheparty.prefer寧可，更喜歡Whichdoyouprefer,fishormeat?topreferAtoB喜愛某事勝于喜愛另一事Heprefersingingtodancing.IpreferItalianfoodtoSpanishfood.toprefertodosth.Iprefertohavecoffee.topreferdoingsth.why和because的用法詢問原因用why為什么結(jié)構(gòu)why+一般疑問句？because因為WhydoyoulikeEnglish?Becauseitisveryinteresting.WhydoyoupreferwatchingTV?

BecauseithelpsmyEnglishalot.Activity2

詢問他人的意見認(rèn)為---怎么樣？Whatdoyouthinkof+名詞/動詞ing的形式?Doyouthink(that)+句子?Whatdoyouthinkoftheweatherhere?DoyouthinkChinaischangingalot?WhatdoyouthinkoflivinginLondon?DoyouthinkthatLondonisinteresting?提出自己的意見think(that)+句子認(rèn)為，覺得Ithinkyoujustlikedrinkingcoffee!Ithinkit’sverydifferentfromtheWest.Isometimesthinkthatit’stoobigandbusy.對他人的肯定意見表示有同感

或自己的情況與他人一樣SoamI.SodoI.Metoo.Heisenjoyingthelongsummerevenings.SoamI.Hethinkstheparksarelovely.SodoI.Ihaveabathintheevening.SodoI.Hehasgottwobrothers.SohaveI.以上都可以用Metoo.Activity6談?wù)撆d趣，愛好和擅長P148tolovetoliketohatetoprefer+名詞/代詞/動詞的ing形式/動詞不定式todotoenjoy+名詞/動詞的ing形式tobeinterestedintobegoodattobekeenon+名詞/代詞/動詞的ing形式Activity7borrow和lendborrow是借來，向別人借lend是借給，借出去He____alotofmoneyfromme.Theysometimes_____theircartotheirparents.Couldyou_____meyourbicycle?

Activity8對他人的反對意見表示同感與so表示對他人肯定意見表示同感的句子中的用法相似。Idon’tlikeusingthecomputerforthat.NeitherdoI.Idon’thaveteainthemorning.NeitherdoI.I’mnotgoingtotheshop.NeitheramI.Ihaven’tgotacar.NeitherhaveI.MeneitherI.Activity9Activity10Activity13What’son?Whattimeisiton?Isthereafilmon?What’sonatseven?beon電影或電視節(jié)目“上演”“上映”Activity16學(xué)習(xí)表示順序的詞匯firstnextafterthatthenfinally表達(dá)指示或指令可用祈使句或用主語為第二人稱的一般現(xiàn)在時。How的使用疑問詞how表示怎么，如何Howdoyoupronouncetheword?HowdoIgettothehospital?如果與showknow連用,how之后要用動詞不定式Canyoushowmehowtousethewashingmachine?Heshowsmehowtogettohishouse.Idon’tknowhowtousethewashingmachine.Doyouknowhowtoopenthepackage?Unit13Activity1mygymmy的用法my放在人或場所前面，表示與我有關(guān)，而沒有個人擁有的意思。myschoolmygymmyclassromActivity3表示時間的介詞at表示“在---時刻”與具體的鐘點(diǎn)搭配Weopenatsevenandcloseatten.on在---時候與日期，星期搭配WehaveEnglishlessonsonTuesdayevening.TheywillarriveonMaythetwentieth.in在---期間與具體的年代，月份，季節(jié)或一天中的某個時段搭配inthemorning/intheafternoon/intheeveninginJanuary/inFebruaryinwinter/insummerfrom---to從---到from---till從---直到between---and在---之間

Activity8練習(xí)填寫申請表Activity11練習(xí)wh-問句whowhywhatwhichwhenwhat（什么，什么樣的）和which（哪個，哪些）what沒有限定的選擇范圍which有限定的選擇范圍Whatdoyouwanttodotoday?Whichmuseumdoyouwanttogoto?Whatdoyoueatforlunch?Whichofthesetwodoyouprefer?時間表達(dá)法用this/next/the---afterlast/the---beforethismonth/nextmonth/themonthafternext/lastmonth/themonthbeforelastthisTuesday/nextTuesday/theTuesdayafternext/lastTuesday/theTuesdaybeforelastthisyearthisweekthedaybeforeyesterdayyesterdaytodaytomorrowthedayaftertomorrowActivity14描述情感描述情感或感受，常用動詞tofeel(感覺，覺得）feelcold/hungry/comfortable/sad/happyHowarefeelingtoday?/Howdoyoufeeltoday?Youwillfeelbetterafteranight’ssleep.Hefeltcheated.他感到受騙了。部分動詞+ing=形容詞（事物或事件本身所具有的特征）

部分動詞+ing=形容詞（用來描述人的感覺）Thelessonwasinteresting.Thestudentswasinterestedinthelesson.boringtobeboredby+名詞/動詞+inginterestingtobeinterestedinexcitingtobeexcitedaboutworryingtobeworriedaboutfrightening