學(xué)術(shù)英語(社科)-Uint 4含答案

學(xué)術(shù)英語社科AcademicEnglishforSocialSciences4Weliveinaworldtodaythatisincreasinglymorecomplex.Whyarethelivingconditionsofourtimessodifferentfromthoseofearliertimes?Howwillourliveschangeinthefuture?Thesearethequestionsthatleadustothestudyofsociology.TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleUnit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleUnitContentsLead-inTextATextBListeningSpeakingWritingLead-inTaskListentoatalktwiceandcompletethefollowingnotes.Unit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeople1Thequestionsthespeakerraisesinthetalkare:aWhydoeseveryone___________?bWhycan’tpeople______?cWhyisshespendinghermoney_____________?dWhydoesn’tthegovernment____________________________?eWhyisthestate_____________ina_______________?fWhataboutthat___________________________?2Sociologistsstudy_______________________________,lookfor_________________________________________________________________.needanSUVcarpoolonlotteryticketsinvestmoreinpublictransportationrunningalotteryconveniencestorecupofpremiumcoffeeyouboughtsocialpatternsthatmanypeopleshareorganizedandgovernedrootcausesofsuchsocialpatternsinthewaysocietyisTextACriticalreadingandthinkingDifficultsentencesEnglishlanguageforacademicpurposeSpecializedvocabularyCollocationsFormalandinformalEnglishSignpostlanguageUnit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleTextACriticalreadingandthinkingofTextAUnit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeople

TextAnalysisHowdotheauthorsdevelopthetext?TragicmassmurderatColumbineHighSchoolEthniccleansingWarinKosovoHowdotheauthorsdescribetheworldwelivetodayin?awashwithchange,markedbydeepconflicts,tensions,socialdivisions;markedbythedestructiveonslaughtofmoderntechnology1Introducethetopicofsociologybyusingtheexample.TextACriticalreadingandthinkingofTextAUnit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeople

TextAnalysis2Explainwhatissociology,includingdefinition,scope,nature&objectives,content,andfunctions.

Whatissociology?Definition:thestudyofhumansociallife,groups,andsocieties.Widescopeofsociologicalstudy:rangingfromtheanalysisofpassingencountersbetweenindividualonthestreettotheinvestigationofglobalsocialprocesses.Howdotheauthorsdevelopthetext?TextACriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA

TextAnalysisUsingtheexampleoflovetoillustratethenatureandobjectivitiesofsociology.

→Loveexpressesamutualphysicalandpersonalattachmenttwoindividualsfeelforoneanother.

→

Fallinginloveisanexperiencearisingfromuniversalhumanemotions.Howdotheauthorsdevelopthetext?Unit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeople2Explainwhatissociology,includingdefinition,scope,nature&objectives,content,andfunctions.TextACriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA

TextAnalysisRomanticlove(Para7)Amongbothrichandpoor,thedecisionofwhomtomarrywasmadebyfamilyandkin.e.g.India(Para8)Howeverfallinginloveisnotanexperiencemostpeopleacrosstheworldhave;andhavingnoconnectionwithmarriage.e.g.

IntheMiddleageandforcenturiesafterward(Para.6)Howdotheauthorsdevelopthetext?Unit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeople2Explainwhatissociology,includingdefinition,scope,nature&objectives,content,andfunctions.TextACriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA

TextAnalysisContent:Sociologystudieshumanlifeandsocialandhistoricalinfluencesonit.Sociologyshowstheneedtotakeamuchbroaderviewofwhyweareasweare,andwhyweactaswedo.

Howdotheauthorsdevelopthetext?Unit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeople2Explainwhatissociology,includingdefinition,scope,nature&objectives,content,andfunctions.TextACriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA

TextAnalysise.g.comparisonbetweencommonpeopleandsociologistsinexplainingthemassmurder.

CommonpeoplesociologistsThetwoteenswereobsessedwiththevideogame.Manycommentatorsdenouncedtheeasyavailabilityofweapons.Otherssawthetragedyasasymboloftheemptinessofsuburbanlife.Lookbeyondthesurfaceoftheiractions;Studythesocialcontext;Comparethistragedywithothermassmurderstoseeiftherewasapatterninthegroupcharacteristics(socialclass,race,gender,age,orculturalbackground);Howdotheauthorsdevelopthetext?Unit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeople2Explainwhatissociology,includingdefinition,scope,nature&objectives,content,andfunctions.TextACriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA

TextAnalysisFunctionssociologyserves:→showustheneedtolookbeyondthesurfaceofpeople’sactionsandstudythesocialcontext;→teachustotrytoidentifygeneralpatternsofbehaviorandbesystematicinexplainingthesocialinfluencesonthesepatterns.

Howdotheauthorsdevelopthetext?Unit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeople2Explainwhatissociology,includingdefinition,scope,nature&objectives,content,andfunctions.TextACriticalreadingandthinkingofTextA

TextAnalysisHowdotheauthorsdevelopthetext?3ExplainhowtothinksociologicallyHowtothinksociologically?→cultivatethesociologicalimagination.That’stosay:“Thinkourselvesawayfromthefamiliarroutinesofourdailylivesinordertolookatthemanew.”Unit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleTextADifficultsentencesUnit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeoplepassingencounters(Para.3)→ashortaccidentalmeetingTheopinionsofprospectivemarriagepartnersarequiteoftentakenintoaccount,butbynomeansalways.(Para.8)→InIndia,whenparentsarrangemarriagestheyoftenlistentotheopinionsoftheirchildren,butsometimestheyjustdonotconsidertheirchildren’swishes.TextADifficultsentencesUnit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleNeitherromanticlove,then,noritsassociationwithmarriage,canbeunderstoodas“given”featuresofhumanlife.Rather,ithasbeenshapedbybroadsocialandhistoricalinfluences.(Para.9)→Nowadaystheideaofromanticloveanditsassociationwithmarriageistakenforgrantedasifithasalwaysbeenlikethat.Infactitisnotalwaysthecaseandhassufferedchangesthroughouthistory.TextADifficultsentencesUnit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleAsociologistissomeonewhoisabletobreakfreefromtheimmediacyofpersonalcircumstancesandputthingsinawidercontext.(Para.13)(結(jié)合最后一句理解)→Asociologistmustlearntodetachhimself/herself–to‘thinkourselvesaway’—inordertoobservethingsinacontextwiderthanhis/herownpersonalsituationsandarriveatfreshunderstandings.SpecializedvocabularysocialdivisionsocialbeingintellectuallifehumanemotionsocialclassTextAEnglishlanguageforacademicpurposeUnit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeople社會(huì)分工社會(huì)人精神生活人類情感社會(huì)階級(jí)Specializedvocabulary人類社會(huì)生活全球社會(huì)進(jìn)程 婚姻幸福 公共場所社會(huì)環(huán)境 行為模式 文化背景

TextAEnglishlanguageforacademicpurposeUnit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleglobalsocialprocessmaritalhappinesspublicplacessocialcontextpatternsofbehaviorculturalbackgroundhumansociallifeCollocationsTextAEnglishlanguageforacademicpurposebeawashwithcontrolourdestinyshapeourlivesbeskepticalofintheformofmarriagekeeppropertyinthehandsoffamilyinprivateintheaftermathofeasyavailabilityofsth.awidearrayofevidenceUnit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleSignpostlanguageListingItpresentsalistofitemsinnospecificorder.TextAEnglishlanguageforacademicpurposeUnit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleDothetaskonPage76.Wordsthatsignalalistingpattern:Wordsthatpredictalistingpattern:and,also,another,inadditionto,first,second,third,firstly,secondly,finally,lastlycategories,kinds,types,ways,examples,groups,parts,etc.FormalandinformalEnglishTextAEnglishlanguageforacademicpurposeUnit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleSeePage76.Task1Thetreediagrambelowshowshowtheauthorsdevelopthetextaboutthestudyofsociology.Fillintheblanksaccordingtothetext.TextASuggestedanswersCriticalreadingandthinkingUnit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleUsingtheexampleof________________________________.massmurderatColumbineHighSchoolThestudyofsociologyIntroducingthetopicofsociologyTask1Thetreediagrambelowshowshowtheauthorsdevelopthetextaboutthestudyofsociology.Fillintheblanksaccordingtothetext.TextASuggestedanswersCriticalreadingandthinkingUnit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleSociologyisthestudyof_______________________________.Usingtheexampleof____toillustratethe__________________ofsociology.love

natureandobjectivesThestudyofsociologyWhatissociologyhumansociallife,groups,andsocietiesTask1Thetreediagrambelowshowshowtheauthorsdevelopthetextaboutthestudyofsociology.Fillintheblanksaccordingtothetext.TextASuggestedanswersCriticalreadingandthinkingUnit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleSociologystudies_____________influences.ThestudyofsociologyWhatdoessociologystudy?socialhistoricalTask1Thetreediagrambelowshowshowtheauthorsdevelopthetextaboutthestudyofsociology.Fillintheblanksaccordingtothetext.TextASuggestedanswersCriticalreadingandthinkingUnit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleSociologyshowspeopletheneedto______________________________________.Sociologyteachespeopleto_____________________________andbesystematicinexplaining_________________________________________.behavioralpatternsThestudyofsociologyWhatfunctiondoessociologyserve?people’sactionslookbeyondthesurfaceofidentifygeneralpatternsofbehaviorthesocialinfluencesontheseTask1Thetreediagrambelowshowshowtheauthorsdevelopthetextaboutthestudyofsociology.Fillintheblanksaccordingtothetext.TextASuggestedanswersCriticalreadingandthinkingUnit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleCultivate_____________;“thinkourselvesaway”from_____________________________________________________.themanewThestudyofsociologyHowtothinksociologically?theimaginationthefamiliarroutinesofourdailylivesinordertolookatTask2Answerthefollowingquestions.TextASuggestedanswersCriticalreadingandthinkingUnit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeople1Howdoestheauthordescribetheworldweliveintoday?2WhydoestheauthorraisethethreequestionsinParagraph2?3Whydopeoplefallinloveaccordingtotheauthors?4WhydidmenandwomenmarryintheMiddleAges?Theauthordescribesthattheworldweliveintodayisintenselyworrying,yetfullofthemostextraordinarypromiseforthefuture.Theauthorwantstoshowuswhatistheprimeconcernofsociology.Becauseloveexpressesmutualphysicalandpersonalattachmenttwoindividualsfeelforoneanother.Mainlyinordertokeeppropertyinthehandsoffamilyortoraisechildrentoworkthefamilyfarm.Task2Answerthefollowingquestions.TextASuggestedanswersCriticalreadingandthinkingUnit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeople5Wheredidromanticlovemakeitsfirstappearance?6Howweretherelationsbetweenhusbandandwifeamongaristocraticgroups?Itsfirstappearancemadeincourtlycircles.Therelationsarecoolanddistant.Task2Answerthefollowingquestions.TextASuggestedanswersCriticalreadingandthinkingUnit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeople7Whatisbasictothesociologicaloutlook?8WhatarethedifferencesbetweenordinarypeopleandsociologistsinexplainingthemassmurderatColumbineHighSchool?Understandingthesubtleyetcomplexandprofoundwaysinwhichourindividuallivesreflectthecontextsofoursocialexperienceisbasictothesociologicaloutlook.Ordinarypeople’sexplanationsfocusonthesocialcausesofviolenceintheUnitedStates,whereassociologistscanbringanevendeeperunderstanding.Forexample,sociologistsmightstudyothermassmurdersandconsideriftherewasapatterninthegroupcharacteristics.Task3InParagraph12,theauthorsroughlyexplainhowasociologistwouldstudytheColumbineHighSchoolmassacre.Supposeyouwereasociologist,workinpairsandexaminethecase.Youmay:TextASuggestedanswersCriticalreadingandthinkingUnit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeople1SearchtheInternetformoreinformationaboutthemassmurder,theU.S.younggeneration,theirlivingconditionsetc.2Explorethecaselikeasociologist.3Haveadiscussionaboutitwithyourpartner.4Reportyourfindingstotheclass.Task4ConsiderthesimpleactofaChinesedrinkingacupofcoffee.Workinpairsandexplorethebehaviorfromasociologist’sview.Thinkabout:TextASuggestedanswersCriticalreadingandthinkingUnit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleWhatiscoffee?Whatdoesitsymbolize?Coffeeisnotjustarefreshment.Itpossessessymbolicvalueaspartofourday-to-daysocialactivities.Oftentheritualassociatedwithcoffeedrinkingismuchmoreimportantthantheactofconsumingthedrinkitself.Twopeoplewhoarrangetomeetforcoffeeareprobablymoreinterestedingettingtogetherandchattingthaninwhattheyactuallydrink.Task4ConsiderthesimpleactofaChinesedrinkingacupofcoffee.Workinpairsandexplorethebehaviorfromasociologist’sview.Thinkabout:TextASuggestedanswersCriticalreadingandthinkingUnit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleWhataretherelationsbetweencoffeedrinkersandthepeopleinvolvedintheproduction,transport,anddistributionofcoffee?Anindividualwhodrinksacupofcoffeeiscaughtupinacomplicatedsetofsocialandeconomicrelationshipsstretchingacrosstheworld.Theproduction,transport,anddistributionofcoffeerequirecontinuoustransactionsbetweenpeoplethousandsofmilesawayfromthecoffeedrinker.Studyingsuchglobaltransactionsisanimportanttaskofsociology,sincemanyaspectsofourlivesarenowaffectedbyworldwidesocialinfluencesandcommunications.Task4ConsiderthesimpleactofaChinesedrinkingacupofcoffee.Workinpairsandexplorethebehaviorfromasociologist’sview.Thinkabout:TextASuggestedanswersCriticalreadingandthinkingUnit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleWhatdoestheChinesepeople’sactofsippingacupofcoffeeremindyouof?(e.g.socialandeconomicdevelopment,Westernlifestyles,originofcoffeeetc.)Theactofsippingacupofcoffeepresumesawholeprocessofpastsocialandeconomicdevelopment.Alongwithothernow-familiaritemsofWesterndiets—liketea,bananas,potatoes,andwhitesugar–coffeeonlybecamewidelyconsumedfromthelate1800s.AlthoughthedrinkoriginatedintheMiddleEast,itsmassconsumptiondatesfromtheperiodofWesterncolonialexpansionaboutacenturyandahalfago.Languagebuilding-upTextASuggestedanswersTask1Specializedvocabulary1TranslatethefollowingsociologicaltermsfromEnglishintoChineseorviceversa.Unit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeople1socialdivision2socialbeing3intellectuallife4humanemotion5socialclass6人類的社會(huì)生活社會(huì)分工社會(huì)人精神生活人類情感社會(huì)階級(jí)humansociallifeLanguagebuilding-upTextASuggestedanswersTask1Specializedvocabulary1TranslatethefollowingsociologicaltermsfromEnglishintoChineseorviceversa.Unit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeople7

全球的社會(huì)進(jìn)程8婚姻幸福9公共場所10和他人交往11社會(huì)環(huán)境12行為模式13文化背景socializewithothersglobalsocialprocessmaritalhappinessculturalbackgroundpublicplacessocialcontextpatternsofbehaviorLanguagebuilding-upTextASuggestedanswersTask1Specializedvocabulary2Completethefollowingsentenceswiththecorrectformofthetermsinthebox.Unit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleculturalbackgroundintellectuallifemaritalhappinesspatternofbehaviorpublicplacesocialclass1Thisstudyexaminestheeffectsof__________________ontheacceptationofinformationandcommunicationstechnologyindevelopingcountries.2________________isajudgmentmadebyaspousethatindicatesthesenseofwell-beingorsatisfactionheorsheexperiencesinthemaritalrelationship.3Whensociologiststalkof___________,theyrefertoagroupofindividualswhooccupyasimilarpositionintheeconomicsystemofproduction.culturalbackgroundMaritalhappinesssocialclassLanguagebuilding-upTextASuggestedanswersTask1Specializedvocabulary2Completethefollowingsentenceswiththecorrectformofthetermsinthebox.Unit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleculturalbackgroundintellectuallifemaritalhappinesspatternofbehaviorpublicplacesocialclass4Ifweunderstandthatachildworkstoperfecttheadultsheorhewillbecome,thenwemustlookatthe_________________thatemergeinchildhoodasindicatorsoftheadultpersonality.5Itisnowcommonpracticeforsmokingtobebannedinworkplacessuchasofficesandinotherenclosed____________suchascinemas,busesandtrains.6YaleLawSchoolenhancesthe_____________ofitsacademiccommunitybysponsoringavarietyofcenters,programs,andworkshops,inspiredbytheinterestsofitsfacultyandstudents.patternofbehaviorpublicplacesintellectuallifeLanguagebuilding-upTextASuggestedanswersTask2SignpostlanguageCompletethesentenceswiththewordsandexpressionslistedabove.Theremaybemorethanonecorrectanswer.Unit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeople1Anewsecuritysystemwasinstalled._________,extraguardswerehired.2______,Iwouldliketothankallthosepeoplewhohelpedmaketheconferencesuchasuccess.3___________catchingerrors,object-orientedsystemscansheltertheuserfromthecomplexityofdealingwithlotsofdifferentkindsofdata.4____,Jackwouldnotallowit,and_______,Idon’tthinkmomwouldlikeitmucheither.InadditionFinallyInadditiontosecondFirstLanguagebuilding-upTextASuggestedanswersTask2SignpostlanguageCompletethesentenceswiththewordsandexpressionslistedabove.Theremaybemorethanonecorrectanswer.Unit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeople5Herearesomequickhintsthatcanhelpmakerevisioneasier.____,setyourfirstdraftasideforawhile.Youcanthencomebacktothedraftwithafresh,moreobjectivepointofview._______,inrevisingapaper,youshouldreadandrereaditseveraltimes,foritisimpossibletonoticealltheerrorsandthingsthatneedchanginginoneortwohastyreadings.______,asyoureadyourpaper,addyourthoughtsandchangesabovethelinesorinthemarginsofyourpaper.Yourwrittencommentscanserveasaguidewhenyouworkonthenextdraft.FinallyFirstSecondLanguagebuilding-upTextASuggestedanswersTask3FormalEnglishReplacetheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingsentenceswiththeonesthataremoredaily-life.1Romanticlovefirstmadeitsappearanceincourtlycirclesasacharacteristicofextramaritalsexualadventuresindulgedinbymembersofthearistocracy.appeared

Key:

2Abriefexamplewillprovideaninitialtasteofthenatureandobjectivesofsociology.Key:

goals3Thetheorymightassertthathighinflationariseswhenthegovernmentprintstoomuchmoney.Key:

appears

Unit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleLanguagebuilding-upTextASuggestedanswersTask3FormalEnglishReplacetheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingsentenceswiththeonesthataremoredaily-life.4Sociologydemonstratestheneedtotakeamuchbroaderviewofwhyweareasweare,andwhyweactaswedo.shows

Key:

5SomecountriesareindustrializingandmaysuffersomeofthedisruptionsthatanalogouspartsoftheWestencounteredatsimilarstagesoftheirdevelopmentearlyinthe20thcentury.Key:

met6Learningtothinksociologically—looking,inotherwords,atthebroaderview—meanscultivatingtheimagination.Key:

developing

Unit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleLanguagebuilding-upTextASuggestedanswersTask3FormalEnglishReplacetheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingsentenceswiththeonesthataremoredaily-life.7…weneedtoimagine,forexample,whattheexperienceofsexandmarriageislikeforpeople—themajorityofhumankinduntilrecently—towhomidealsofromanticloveappearalienorevenabsurd.strange

Key:

8Studyingsociologycannotbejustaroutineprocessofacquiringknowledge.Key:

gaining9Thesociologicalimaginationrequiresus,aboveall,to“thinkourselvesaway”fromthefamiliarroutinesofourdailylivesinordertolookatthemanew.Key:

inanewway

Unit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleTextBCriticalreadingandthinkingDifficultsentencesEnglishlanguageforacademicpurposeUnit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleTextBCriticalreadingandthinkingUnit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleTextAnalysisWhatisthemainreasonaccordingtosociologists?Thesociologicaldebate:thegenderpaygapSexsegregationorgendertyping.TextBCriticalreadingandthinkingUnit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleTextAnalysisSexsegregation→thefactthatmenandwomenareconcentratedindifferentoccupationse.g.In1989jobsthatwereover80percentfemaleandjobsthatwereover80percentmakeareasfollows:JobsforfemaleJobsformaleSecretaryChildcareworkerHairdresserCashierBookkeeperTelephoneoperatorReceptionistTypistElementaryschoolteacherLibrarianandnurseDoctorLawyerDentistTaxidriverPlumberElectricianCarpenterFirefighterAutomechanicMachinistTruckdriverTextBCriticalreadingandthinkingUnit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleTextAnalysisThegendercompositionofajobisassociatedwiththepayreceivedforthatjob.Jobspaylessiftheycontainahigherproportionoffemales.AnEqualPayActin1963hasdonelittletoeradicatepaydifferencesattributabletogender.TextBCriticalreadingandthinkingUnit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleTextAnalysisHowoccupationalsegregationleadstoagendergapinpay?Sociologistsandeconomistsdifferintheirexplanations.TextBCriticalreadingandthinkingUnit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleTextAnalysisEconomistssociologistsFocusingontheoccupationalchoiceswomenmakeEndorsingahumancapitaltheoryexplanation1)Womenintentionallyselectoccupationseasytomoveinandoutof2)WomenseekundemandingjobsFocusingontheconstraintswomenfaceCritiquinghumancapitaltheory1)Therearesomeforcesblockingwomenfromfreelychoosingoccupations.2)Humancapitaltheoryneglectspowerdifferentialsbetweenmenandwomenintheworkplaceandsociety.TextBDifficultsentencesThereasonthatsexsegregationisproblematicisbecausethegendercompositionofajobisassociatedwiththepayreceivedforthatjob.(Para.4)

→Ifthereissexsegregationinoccupationsthenthepayreceivedforcertainjobsarenotbasedontheintrinsicvalueoftheworkbutonthegendercomposition,thatistosay,ifanoccupationispredominantlyfemale,thejobsarepaidless.Unit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleTextBDifficultsentencesCentraltothisargumentistheassumptionthatwomen’sprimaryallegianceistohomeandfamily;thustheyseekundemanding“dead-end”jobsthatrequirelittlepersonalinvestmentintrainingorskillsacquisitionsothattheycanbettertendtotheirhouseholdresponsibilities.(Para.7)

→

Themainassumptionbehindtheargumentisthat…womentrytofindjobsthatarenotchallenging,andarenotpromisingbecausesuchjobsdonotdemandmuchtrainingandskills.Theydothisbecausetheywanttodevotemuchoftheirtimeandenergytohouseholdwork.Unit4

TheStudyofSocietyandPeopleTextBDifficultsentences…girlsmaychooseoccupationssuchasteacherornurse