英語寫作的主題句和段落課件

Topicsentenceandparagraphs/p44英語寫作的主題句和段落段落的結(jié)構(gòu)“人之立言，因字而成句，積句而成章，積章而成篇?！?/p>

──劉勰《文心雕龍·章句》一篇文章只有漂亮生動(dòng)的句子還是不夠的，我們還必須注意把文意所銜領(lǐng)的句子按照一定的規(guī)律組織起來，成為一個(gè)或者數(shù)個(gè)段落，從而使要表達(dá)的各層意思都清晰分明。只有這樣構(gòu)成的文章，才會(huì)給人渾然一體但又清晰有致的美感。

英語寫作的主題句和段落一、主題句“揭全文之指，或在篇首，或在篇中，或在篇末。在篇首，則后必顧之；在篇末，則前必注之；在篇中，則前注之，后顧之。”這是劉熙載在《藝概》中講的話，雖然說的是漢語整篇文章的寫作，但同樣適用于英文段落。在比較正規(guī)的英文寫作(formalwriting)中，往往就有這樣的“揭全段之旨”的句子，它就是主題句(topicsentence)。簡單一點(diǎn)說，主題句就是對全段主題的概括性陳述。段落中其他的句子都是對它的擴(kuò)展、支持或證明。主題句起著統(tǒng)攝全段的作用。在寫作者一方，下筆可以力顧著眼點(diǎn)，做到內(nèi)容醒目突出而且不跑題。而在讀者一方，則可以通過主題句迅速地明確作者的主題，讀起文章來比較快捷。需要指出的是，英語文章對全文的主旨句和段落主題句的要求是非漢語文章所及的。受兩種文化的影響，漢語文章在結(jié)構(gòu)方面往往比英語文章更加隨意，作者既可以開門見山立顯要旨，也可曲徑通幽委婉道來，甚至可以指桑罵槐旁敲側(cè)擊。對于主題的揭示很多情況下都采取“春秋筆法”，隱而不說。英語的文章段落則要明白得多，往往需要規(guī)矩完整的主旨句和主題句。這一點(diǎn)需要每一個(gè)英語作文學(xué)習(xí)者寄予相當(dāng)?shù)淖⒁?。為加?qiáng)這方面的意識(shí)，我們下面看毛榮貴和DorineS.Houston合編的《中國大學(xué)生作文評改》中的兩個(gè)例子：英語寫作的主題句和段落Inthisworld,weshouldthinkmoreofotherpeoplethanofourselves.Bysodoing,ourworldwillbefullofhappiness.This,ofcourse,ismypersonalview.ButitisalessonIhavedrawnfromoneofmyownexperience.Sonow,Iwouldliketosharethatexperiencewithyou,mydearreader.這是一名中國大學(xué)生的作文ApplauseontheBus中的開頭。在本書的中國編者看來，這樣的開頭自然而且不俗，符合漢語寫作的習(xí)慣。然而美國編者認(rèn)為：Thisisessentiallyasolidessay.Thewriterusesananecdotetomakeapoint…Nowwejustneedtogiveitagood,strongtopicsentenceusingthewriter’sownideastoformit.她給這個(gè)開頭段擬了下面的主題句：英語寫作的主題句和段落Alittlegirltaughtme,andabusfulofpeople,animportantlessonabouttheimportanceofthinkingmoreofotherpeoplethanofourselves.OnedayItookaverycrowdedbustoschool…英語寫作的主題句和段落在另外一篇作文PartofMyChildhood中，作者開頭是這樣寫的：Inmychildhood,thereweresomanythingsthatwereworthcallingtomind.Somemademehappy,somemademeexcited,andsomemademesad.Butamongthemwasanunforgettablething,whenIthinkofit,mygoodfriendTongTongwilloccurtome.作為漢語讀者來說，首先用抒情的筆法奠定一種氛圍，然后引導(dǎo)讀者逐漸進(jìn)入對于往事的回憶，這樣的開頭是非常自然而且感人的。但是美國編者顯然不這樣認(rèn)為：Thisisamovingstoryaboutfriendswhohavequarreled.Itneedsagoodtopicsentencetobringthereaderintothefeelingsandmessagethewriterwantstoconvey.這位美國編者提供了這樣的開頭：英語寫作的主題句和段落OneofthemostunforgettableexperienceofmychildhoodinvolvesmygoodfriendTongTong.IthappenedwhenIwaseightyearsold…..我們從上面兩個(gè)例子可以看出，盡管有千篇一律的嫌疑，英語的寫作追求的審美效果和漢語寫作是大相異趣的。學(xué)習(xí)英文寫作，對這樣的差異要時(shí)刻牢記。

英語寫作的主題句和段落主題句的位置一般說來，主題句既可以是在段落的開始，也可以處于段落的中間或者末尾。1）主題句在段首主題句放在句首是英語段落寫作中最常見的一種方法?！吨袊髮W(xué)生作文評改》的中國作者毛榮貴說：“筆者曾就美版的Reader’sDigest和Time兩本期刊的100篇短文做過調(diào)查，發(fā)現(xiàn)其中僅有兩篇其topicsentence較為模糊，而有68篇的topicsentence均被置于文/段首，其余30篇已經(jīng)將段落的topicsentence升格為小標(biāo)題?！备鶕?jù)這種情況，我們建議所有的英語作文初學(xué)者將段落的主題句放置于段首。下面是幾個(gè)相應(yīng)的例子：英語寫作的主題句和段落JaneandKarenhavemanythingsincommon.Tobeginwith,bothgirlshavethesamebackground.JanewasbornandraisedintheWest,andsowasKaren.Next,bothgirlsareinterestedinthesamekindsofsubjectsinschool.JanelikesFrench,history,andEnglish.Inthesameway,KarenlikesSpanish,historyandEnglish.Furthermore,bothgirlswanttobeteachers.Janeplanstobecomeanelementaryschoolteacher.ButKarenwantstobeahighschoolteacher.Asyoucansee,thetwogirlsarealmostliketwins.英語寫作的主題句和段落Evenwhenweareverycarefulinthethingswedoeachday,theriskof

lossandinjuryisalwayswithus.Startingthedaywithashower,weriskslippingandfallingthroughtheglassdoor.Ridingtowork,weriskcollision.Whileweareawayfromourhomes,theriskoffireandburglaryisgreater.Goingtoschool,ourchildrenriskbeinginjured.Wealsolossthroughunintentionalactionsofourownthatmightinjureothers.Sucheventsmayoccurregardlessofhowcarefulwemaytrytobe,andtheycancostusalotofmoney.Ratherthantakingthechanceofbeingwipedoutfinancially,wetransfersomeorourriskstoothers,webuyinsurance.英語寫作的主題句和段落Eatinglunchisoneofmyfavoritepastimes.Becauselunchcomesinthemiddleoftheday,itgivesmeawelcomebreakfromstudying.Atschool,lunchmeansthirtyminutesoutofclassandachancetorestafterthemorning’swork.Whileeating,IcanplanwhatI’mgoingtodointheafternoon.Andbesidesofferingapleasantbreakintheday,lunchisalwaysagoodmeal.英語寫作的主題句和段落2）主題句在段落中間Theofficersofmostdoctorstodayareoverloadedwithpeoplewhoareconvincedthatsomethingdreadfulisabouttohappentothem.Atthefirstsignofpaintheyruntoadoctor,failingtorealizethatpainisrarelyanindicationorpoorhealth.Wearebecominganationofpill-grabbersandhypochondriacswhoregardtheslightestacheasasearingordeal.Insteadofattackingthemostcommoncausesofpainsuchastension,worry,boredom,frustration,insufficientsleep,overeating,poordiets,smoking,orexcessivedrinking,toomanypeoplereachalmostinstinctivelyforthepainkillers---aspirins,barbiturates,codeine,tranquilizers,sleepingpills,anddozensofotherdesensitizingdrugs.英語寫作的主題句和段落CaliforniansandNewEnglandersarebothAmerican.Theyspeakthesamelanguageandabidebythesamefederallaws.Buttheyareverydifferentintheirwaysoflife.Mobility---bothphysicalandpsychological---hasmadeagreatimpressiononthecultureofCalifornians;lackofmobilityisthemarkofthecustomsandmoralityofNewEnglanders.英語寫作的主題句和段落3）主題句在段落末尾

Atthebeginningofawritingcourse,manystudentsearnlowgradesbecausetheyareinexperiencedwriters.Theysimplydon’tknowhowtowriteaneffectiveessay,andintheprocessoflearningtodoso,theymakemistakes---andlowgrades.Suchgradesaffectthestudents’confidenceandmorale,makingwritinganunpleasanttaskassociatedwithanxietyandfailure.Asaresult,studentsarediscouraged;insteadofworkingseriouslyontheirwriting,theyspendtimeworryingabouttheeasiestwaytoearnabettergradeonthenextpaper---usuallybywriting“safe”papersthataresimpleandcorrectbutlackinginthought.Therefore,theassigningoftraditionalgradesinafreshmanwritingcourseoftenworksagainstthepurposeofthecourse---tohelpstudentslearntowritebetter.英語寫作的主題句和段落AmericansmightbeembarrassedbecausetheirJapanesefriendsaresoformalwiththem.JapanesemightfeelinsultedbecauseAmericanacquaintancesgreetthemcasually.Still,theformsofgreetinginbothcountriesonlyshowrespectforothers.ItjusthappensthatAmericansandJapanesehaveadifferentwayoflookingathumanrelationshipsandthushaveadifferentwayshowingrespect.英語寫作的主題句和段落4）段落沒有主題句

英文正規(guī)的文章，尤其是informativewriting很少?zèng)]有主題句的，沒有主題句的情況一般出現(xiàn)在記敘文體中。但是也有作者有意隱而不說的情況。Thebrightchildispatient.Hecantolerateuncertaintyandfailure,andwillkeeptryinguntilhegetsananswer.Whenallhisexperimentsfail,hecanevenadmittohimselfandothersthatforthetimebeingheisnotgoingtogetananswer.Thismayannoyhim,buthecanwait.Veryoften,hedoesnotwanttobetoldhowtodotheproblemorsolvethepuzzlehehasstruggledwith,becausehedoesnotwanttobecheatedoutofthechancetofigureitoutforhimselfinthefuture.Notsothedullchild.Hecannotstanduncertaintyorfailure.Tohim,anunansweredquestionisnotachallengeoranopportunity,butathreat.Ifhecan’tfindtheanswerquickly,itmustbegiventohim,andquickly;andhemusthaveanswersforeverything.Sucharethechildrenofwhomasecond-gradeteacheroncesaid,“Butmychildrenliketohavequestionsforwhichthereisonlyoneanswer.”Theydid;andbyamysteriouscoincidence,sodidshe.(Impliedtopicsentence:Toabrightchildapuzzleorunansweredquestionisachallenge,whereastoadullchilditisathreat.)英語寫作的主題句和段落Firstyoumustwaitforasunnyday.Rememberthattheraysofthesunaremostdirectbetween11A.M.and2P.M.Thisisthetimewhenyouwilltanthequickest.Attherighttimeandontherightday,pickanopenspotoutdoorsandlayoutalargetowelorbeachmat.Youmaywanttobringalongseveralthings:suntanoil,aportableradio,abookormagazine,sunglasses,apillow.Itisagoodideanottostayinthesuntoolongatfirst.Beginwithahalfhour,andthengraduallyincreasethetimeyouspendinthesun.Certainpartsofyourbodywillburnmorequicklythanothers.Theseincludethebacksofyourknees,theinsideofyourelbows,yourshoulders,andyournose.Besuretocoverthesespotswithsuntanoilwhenyoufirstgooutside.Coverthemagainwithoilafteryouhavebeenoutsideinthesunforawhile.(Possibleimpliedtopicsentence:Takingasunbathcallsforcarefulplanning.)英語寫作的主題句和段落主題句的寫作要注意兩個(gè)基本要求：第一是要包含主導(dǎo)思想(thecontrollingidea)；第二是要做到概括和具體的統(tǒng)一。在一般情況下，一個(gè)段落要求作者只表達(dá)一個(gè)意思，不同的意思要放在另外的段落中表達(dá)，否則容易枝杈橫生，使人不得要領(lǐng)。這個(gè)意思就是主導(dǎo)思想。例如我們不能說：“Wehadapleasantsummervacationbutsummervacationalwaysseemsshort.”。因?yàn)榍懊嬉粋€(gè)分句表述了一個(gè)事實(shí)，后面一個(gè)分句表述的是作者的一種看法。你不可能在一個(gè)段落中做到兩方面都兼顧。在具體的主題句寫作中，作者還要注意把自己的思想用最切近的語言表達(dá)出來。既不能過于概括，也不能過于具體。如果過于概括，作者的寫作往往會(huì)漫無目標(biāo)或者以偏概全，從而造成段落因?yàn)榈貌坏綉?yīng)有的充實(shí)而顯得空泛無力；如果主題句過于具體，作者的思想就沒有發(fā)揮的余地，極易造成對一個(gè)意思的顛倒重復(fù)，而真正的意思卻不能得到充分的表達(dá)。在具體的寫作中，最容易出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象就是主題句過于概括的現(xiàn)象。英語寫作的主題句和段落寫主題句時(shí)要回避以下4個(gè)錯(cuò)誤：IncompleteShouldnotbeaquestionMustnotbetoobroadShouldnotcontainphraseslike“Ithink”,“Inmyopinion”,etc.英語寫作的主題句和段落Mymotherhaspassedalongtomecertainrulesforgettingalongwithothers.Don'targuewithparents;theywillthinkyoudon'tlovethem.Don'targuewithchildren;theywillthinkthemselvesvictimized.Don'targuewithspouses;theywillthinkyouareatiresomemate.Don'targuewithstrangers;theywillthinkyouarenotfriendly.Mymother'srules,infact,canbesummedupintwowords:Don'targue.

英語寫作的主題句和段落

Ourlifetodaydependsverymuchonenergy.Intownsandinvillages,onfarmsandinfactories,machineshavemadelifeeasierthanitusedtobe.Themachinesuseenergy,andenergyisneededforheating,lighting,communications,carryinggoods--everything.Factoriesandindustrialplantsuseagreatdealofenergytomakethethingsthatweuseandbuyandsell英語寫作的主題句和段落（主題句）Noonecanavoidbeinginfluencedbyadvertisements.（推展句1）Muchaswemayprideourselvesonourgoodtaste,wearenolongerfreetochoosewhateverwewant,foradvertisingexertsasubtleinfluenceonus.（推展句2）Intheireffortstopersuadeustobuythisorthatproduct,advertisershavemadeaclosestudyofhumannatureandhaveclassifiedallourlittleweakness.Therearetwowaysinwhichonecanownabook.Thefirstisthepropertyrightyouestablishbypayingforit,justasyouhavemadeitapartofyourselfandthebestwaytomakeyourselfapartofitisbywritinginit.英語寫作的主題句和段落請看下面的病例：Iwanttotalkaboutmyfather.Heisstrictwithhischildren,especiallyme.Hewon’tletmeoutofthehouseunlessI’vedoneallmyhomework.Heisatallandratherskinnyman.Somepeoplesayheisgood-looking.Hehasanicestreakofgrayinhishair.Helaughsalotandenjoyslife.Myfatherisinteresting.讀完這個(gè)段落，我們只能得到對于“我的父親”的一些零亂的印象，但又都不鮮明。造成這種情況的主要原因是作者沒有寫好主題句?！癐wanttotalkaboutmyfather”這個(gè)主題句過于寬泛，沒有起到限定話題的作用。所以作者一會(huì)兒講作者父親對待我的態(tài)度；一會(huì)兒講父親的外貌特征，過一會(huì)兒又說到父親的性格特征。真如同筆下穿著溜冰鞋，滑來滑去，不知所終。

英語寫作的主題句和段落擴(kuò)展句一個(gè)段落是由主題句和擴(kuò)展句共同構(gòu)成的。擴(kuò)展句是對主題句的延伸或證明。它們之間的關(guān)系構(gòu)成一個(gè)段落好壞的關(guān)鍵。擴(kuò)展句和主題句之間至少要注意以下兩點(diǎn)：第一，意義的相關(guān)性（unity）；第二，邏輯的一致性(coherence)。所謂的意義的一致性指的是所有的擴(kuò)展句都必須是主題句的延伸或者證明，它對主題句能起到支持的作用。否則，這樣的擴(kuò)展句就應(yīng)當(dāng)刪除掉。在這方面，我國古人有“丸之走盤”的形象比喻（“丸之走盤，橫斜圓直，不可盡知也。其必可知者，是丸之不出于盤也?！倍拍粒f的就是作者的筆不管怎樣恣意汪洋，但是都不能超出一個(gè)范圍，這個(gè)范圍就是由主題句限定的。但是只有內(nèi)容上的一致性還不足以保證能寫出一個(gè)好的段落。在行文過程中作者還要注意各個(gè)句子的正確、緊湊安排，也就是要保證意義的連貫性。比如我們有B、C、D和E四個(gè)句子都可以證明A這個(gè)主題句，但是它們的位置如何安排呢？那就要根據(jù)它們之間的關(guān)系以及與主題句之間的關(guān)系來安排，并且還要有一定的過渡詞來體現(xiàn)這種安排。只有這樣，作者寫來才會(huì)順理成章，而讀者讀來也會(huì)如順?biāo)兄?，沒有妨礙。英語寫作的主題句和段落實(shí)現(xiàn)意義的連貫一般采取兩種手段：邏輯的連貫和過渡詞的使用。邏輯的連貫就是依靠擴(kuò)展句自身具有的邏輯關(guān)系對句子進(jìn)行正確的排列所實(shí)現(xiàn)的連貫；過渡詞的使用就是依靠過渡詞表現(xiàn)連貫的意義。在內(nèi)容的一致性上，初學(xué)者容易犯的錯(cuò)誤主要有：1）跑題；2）重復(fù)；3）片面；而在意義的連貫上，初學(xué)者犯的主要毛病是信筆游走，行文沒有規(guī)矩，或者沒有必要的過渡詞。英語寫作的主題句和段落病例1、跑題Thereportindicatesthatbabiesoffatherswhosmokearelikelytobesmallerandweakerthanbabiesofnon-smokingfathers.Ofcourseitisalreadywellknownthatpregnantwomenwhosmokecandamagethehealthoftheirbabies.Mysistersmokedtwentycigarettesadaywhenshewasexpectingherfirstchild.Anotherworryingpointisthatsmokingjustbeforethestartofthepregnancycanaffectthebabylater.Iheardrecentlythatcertainfoodsharmunbornbabies.在這個(gè)例子中，主題句說的本來是父親抽煙對于小孩子健康的影響，但是支持句講的卻是未來的母親抽煙對孩子的影響。更可笑的是段落最后一句說的是某些食物可能對胎兒產(chǎn)生危害，真可謂離題千里了。英語寫作的主題句和段落2、岔題Themainschoolbuildingcontainsmostoftheclassrooms.Thatwasour“secondhome”,theplacewheremyclassmatesandIworked,studied,andlearnedforthreeyears.Beyondthatisthesciencebuilding.That’swherewedidallourlaboratoryworkforchemistryandphysics.Ontherightsideofsciencebuildingisalibrary,wheretherearealargecollectionofbooksandperiodicals.Weallenjoyedreading,andfromthiswegotagreatdealofbenefits.Sinceourteacherswererichinknowledgeandtaughtusveryearnestly,wehadalwaysdonebetterthanstudentsofotherschoolsinjointexaminations.從語言上講這是一篇不錯(cuò)的段落，而且前半部分的描寫相當(dāng)有序：分別介紹了教學(xué)大樓、實(shí)驗(yàn)樓和圖書館。但是段落的最后兩句話卻又另起爐灶，談到了其它方面，嚴(yán)格說來這是不容許的。另外本段還缺少一個(gè)主題句，請同學(xué)們?yōu)橹鷶M。英語寫作的主題句和段落3、重復(fù)WatchingTVtoomuchisharmfultoyoureyes.IfyoustayinfrontofTVfortoolongtimeyoureyesmightgethurt.Youwillbenear-sighted.Youcannotseeclearlywhenyouread.Youevencannotseeclearlyafriendwhenyoumeethiminstreet.在這個(gè)例子中，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，這位同學(xué)的思緒總是要在一個(gè)地方停留一兩步，然后才肯離開。第一句作為段首句是相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的，可是第二句卻對它進(jìn)行了重復(fù)，意思基本雷同。這完全是對有限空間的浪費(fèi)。英語寫作的主題句和段落4、片面OurschoolisanArmyschool,sowemustobeymanyrules.Becauseofthismyhouseisspecialinsomeways.First,ourhouseisveryclean,havenopieceofpaperontheground.Everythinginmyhouseisneat.Perhapssomeotherhouseisdirty,butifmyhouseisdirtywewouldbepunishedandforcedtocleanit.這是一年級(jí)學(xué)生的習(xí)作，其中有不少語言錯(cuò)誤。但就內(nèi)容來講，本段的支持句只講了一個(gè)內(nèi)容，也就是Wemustkeepourroomsclean。這是不足以證明Wemustobeymanyrules這一段首句的。英語寫作的主題句和段落練習(xí)1、首先找出主題句，然后排列各句：1.a.Computersspeedupregistrationbyprovidingup-to-dateinformationonopenclasses.b.Theyassistinstructorsbymarkingmultiple-choicetests.c.Computersnowperformmanytasksonmycampus.d.Computerscansupplyadvisorswithinstantandcompleteinformationonrequirements,careerinformation,andpersonaldatawhiletheyaretalkingtoastudent.e.Computerskeeprecordsforthebookstore,library,cafeteria,andmaintenancedepartment.英語寫作的主題句和段落2.a.MynewFuturecamerahasseveralfeaturesthatIlike.b.Itadvancesthefilmaftereachshotandautomaticallyrewindsitaftereachroll.c.Comparedtoothercameras,itisinexpensive.d.IfIgettooclosetothesubject,italertsmewithabuzzer.e.Itbeamsoutaninfraredraythatfocusesforme,eveninthedark.f.Itislightweightandcompact.英語寫作的主題句和段落3.a.Sometimesrapidly,sometimesslowly,theywentrelentlesslyupward.b.LastweektheLaborDepartmentreported,however,thattheeconomy’sseventeen-yearinflationaryspiralhad,foronemonthatleast,finallybeenbroken.c.DuringMarch,inflationactuallywentdowninsteadofup.d.Thisturnedatrendofwhateconomistscalldisinflationintooutrightdeflation.e.Since1965,pricesintheU.S.economyhavebeenheadingoneway.英語寫作的主題句和段落4.a.Movingbackhomewithhisparentswouldsavehimquiteabit.b.Hewasgladthathenolongerhadtoworkfull-timewhilegoingtoschool.c.Hisincometaxrefundwasenoughtocoverhisexpensesfortherestofthesemester.d.Thedean’sofficeapprovedhisstudentloan,andhecouldcuthisworkinghours.e.Hehadfinallypaidoffhiscar.f.Thingswerebeginningtolookup.英語寫作的主題句和段落5.a.TwoyounggirlstookturnsthrowingtheirFrisbeetotheirdog,whichleapedintotheairtocatchit.b.Afamilyoftouristsstoodinfrontofthefountain,studyingamapandtryingtorememberwheretheyhadlefttheircar.c.ItwasatypicalMaySundayafternoonatthepark.d.Fromthefreewaythatcircledtheparkthesoundofafireenginecouldbeheard.e.Acouplesatonablanket,theirbabycrawlingonthenearbygrass.英語寫作的主題句和段落2、根據(jù)下面的主題詞完成一個(gè)主題句，然后展開構(gòu)成一個(gè)段落：ThereasonwhyIreadbooksisthat…Thestupidityofthenucleararmsrace.Trafficisoneoftheessentialactivitiesinoursociety.Smokingisharmfultohealth.Televisionpresentsavividworldinfrontofus.英語寫作的主題句和段落3、根據(jù)下面的主題句，思考需要哪些內(nèi)容來支持它：Thethrillofabigcity.Owningacarisexpensive.Whatasatisfyingcareershouldbe…Springisthemostpleasantseasonoftheyear.Peopletakepartinsportsforvariousreasonsovergrowthofpopulationpresentsathreattotheexistenceofhuman

society..英語寫作的主題句和段落Springisthemostpleasantseasonoftheyear.Inspring,itiswarmandcomfortableandtheairisfreshandsoft.Theflowersareinfullbloom,attractingbeesandbirdstodancearound.Withthesnowmelting,thetreesbudding,eggshatched,everythingcomesbacktolife.ThemilddaysoftheSpringmakesitthebestseasonfortraveling,whichnotonlybringsyouintoclosecontactwithnature,butalsomakesyoufeelrefreshedfromthetiringandtediouswork.Springistheseasonforsowing.Ifwewanttohaveagoodharvestoragoodresult,wehavetomakeagoodplanintheseasonofthespring英語寫作的主題句和段落Peopletakepartinsportsforvariousreasons.Sometakepartinsportsjustbecausetheyloveitanditcanbringthempleasure.Othersgoinforsportsforthesimplereasonthattheywanttobephysicallyhealthy/fit.Theybelievethatregularexercisewillkeepthedoctorsaway.Stillotherstakepartinsportsbecausetheycanmakefriendswiththosewhosharethesimilarinterests.Theythinkthroughtheparticipationofthesports,theycanlearntocooperatewitheachother,andbuildupasenseofteamspirit.英語寫作的主題句和段落Whatasatisfyingcareershouldbeisthatyougetpaidenoughtodowhatyoulike.Thejobtoyourinterestcannotonlyarouseyourinnermostpassion,butalsoinspireyourcreativityandoriginality.Therefore,itwillprovideabroaderroomandmoreopportunitiesforyourdevelopmentofyourcareer.Besides,arathergoodpayalsoensuresyournecessitiesofyourlifeandprovidetheguaranteestofollowyourowninterestsfurther.WhenIchoosemycareer,interestisalwaysmytoppriority,andagoodpayisalsonecessaryamongallthechoices

英語寫作的主題句和段落overgrowthofpopulationpresentsathreattotheexistenceofhuman

society…first,populationovergrowthhascausedtheshortageofourlimitedshareofnaturalresources,whichnotonlyraisesthecostofliving,butalsobringsenvironmentproblems.Nowadays,thereissuchawideconcernovertheexhaustionofnaturalresourcesthatpeoplecannothelpwonderingwhathumanbeingwillliveoninthefuture.Secondly,overpopulationalsopresentshugepressureonurbanareas.ThemetropoliseslikeShanghaiandBeijingarealreadyovercrowded.Trafficjamsnotonlyslowdownthemovement,butsometimesparalyzethecity.What’sworse,thepopulationovergrowthmaycausemoresocialproblemsthanthegovernmentcouldhandle,suchastherisingunemploymentrateandcrimerate.Sothebestsolutiontothoseproblemsistocontroloureverincreasingpopulation.英語寫作的主題句和段落OfallthesubjectsthatIstudyinschool,IthinkthatEnglishisthemostimportantone.Riversplayaveryimportantpartinourlife.Therearethreereasonswhysolarenergyhasnotbeenmadeuseofwidely.SeveralfactorshavecontributedtothedifficultyintravelinginChina,butingeneral,therearethreemajorcauses.Comparedwithcars,bicycleshavemanyadvantages.Menandwomenareequalathomenow.英語寫作的主題句和段落Althoughbotharesourcesofenergy,solarpowerisquitedifferentfromcoal.Gettingupearlycanhelpyoutokeephealthy.Mr.Wangisaveryresponsibleteacher.WhenIarrivedatthepark,Ifound,tomysurprise,thatthereweresomanypeoplethere.Moneyisregardedbysomepeopleasthemostimportantthinginlife.Butautomobileshavealsogivenrisetoaseriesofproblems.英語寫作的主題句和段落OneofthereasonsIlovemyschoolisthat……MyroommatePaulpossessesthecharacteristicsofagoodstudent.Althoughworkingisgoodforus,asithelpstrainourbodyandmind,yetthereshouldbealimit.Besides,peopledonotliveonlytowork.Admittedly,machinesplayaveryimportantpartinourdailylife.Acomputercansavealotofwork.Necessityisthemotherofinvention.英語寫作的主題句和段落4、下面是幾則學(xué)生的作文，首先修改文中的語言錯(cuò)誤，然后提出內(nèi)容修改意見：(1)Adventureisverypopularinthewestcountry,buttherearefewpeopleloveadventureinChina.Manypeoplethinkadventureistoodangerous,butIthinkadventureisaspiritofconqueringthenature.Succeededadventureneedluckandspiritbrave.Ifyouareweak,Ithinkyouwillneversucceed.Justwiththespiritadventure,manyfamousscientistinventedmanythings.Inourlives,wejustpoorinthespiritadventure,ifwehavespiritadventure,Ithinkwewilllivehappier.英語寫作的主題句和段落(2)Thereisakindofpeopleintheworld.Theydoesn’twantedquietandcomfortablelife.Theyenjoytheadventureanduniqueexperience.So,theyalwaystrytoconquerallkindsofdanger.Thisisaspiritofneversatisfiedwithwhathehasachieved.Onecan’tmakeaprogressifoneisafraidofdifficulties.Onlyadventurecandefeatthedifficulties.Weareyouthofoverthecentury.Wemustdaretofacethedifficultiesanddefeatit.So,wemustlearnhowtoadventure.英語寫作的主題句和段落Adventureispartofhumannature,whichencouragespeopletoexploretheunknownareas.Asweknow,Adventureisverypopularinthewestcountries,thoughfewpeoplemaywanttotryadventureinChina,fortheybelievetoomuchadventuremayinvolveunpredictabledangers.Inmyopinions,however,adventureisaspiritofconqueringthenature.Justwiththespiritadventure,manyfamousscientistinventedmanythings.Itisthespiritofadventurethatinspiresscientiststomakemanygreat/remarkableinventionswhichbenefithumanbeings.Soadventurecanbringusamoreexcitingandmeaningfullife.

英語寫作的主題句和段落SomepeoplewouldratherenjoytheuniqueexperienceofadventurethanjusthaveaquietandcomfortablelifeThisisaspiritthatoneisneversatisfiedwithwhathehasachieved英語寫作的主題句和段落(3)WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforoureyes.WeusetheeyestowatchTV.IfwewatchTVtoolong,oureyesmighttire.SoitisbadforoureyesifwewatchTVtoomuch.IfyouwanttowatchTVmore,youmustspendmoretimeforit.Soyoumighthavenotime,orhavenotenoughtimeforstudying.Thenyoumightfailinexam.SowatchTVtoomuchisdisadvantageous.英語寫作的主題句和段落(4)Myfatherisverystrictwithhischildren,especiallyme.Hewon’tletmenoutofthehouseunlessI’vedoneallmyhomework.Frankly,Idon’tcarewhetherIgotoschoolornot.Schoolissuchawasteoftime.Therearen’tanygoodjobs,anyway.Mymotherdoesn’tagreewithmyfather.Theyquarrelalot.SometimesIwishtheywouldgetadivorce,butthenwhowouldIlivewith?英語寫作的主題句和段落(5)WatchingTVhasmanyadvantages,butpayingtoomuchtimeonTVwouldhavemanydisadvantages.WatchingTVcanhelpusreceivemanyimportantinformation.Forexample,watchTVnews,anditmayimproveourstudy.ButifyoupaytoomuchtimeonTVset,itoccupiesmostofyourtime,then,yourtimeforstudyisnotadequate,thiswouldinfluenceyourstudy.IproposethatfirstweshouldhaveadequatetimeforstudyandthenwecanwatchTV,thiswouldbringusmoreadvantages.英語寫作的主題句和段落段落展開類型

根據(jù)人的思維的類型，可以大致確定寫作中細(xì)節(jié)展開的幾種形式。其中包括記敘Narration、描寫Description、舉例exemplification、分類divisionandclassification、比較和對比comparisonandcontrast、過程與分析processandanalysis、因果causeandeffect、定義definition等。每一種類型的細(xì)節(jié)展開都有一定的要求，所以對這些類型的訓(xùn)練歷來都是寫作教學(xué)中的一個(gè)重要環(huán)節(jié)。英語寫作的主題句和段落1）記敘Narration簡單一點(diǎn)說，記敘就是把一連串的事件按照時(shí)間順序記錄下來。它是最基本但又是最難的一種寫作方式。它的難點(diǎn)在于使用準(zhǔn)確生動(dòng)的措辭、適當(dāng)明晰的順序兩個(gè)方面。對于初學(xué)寫作者來說，最關(guān)鍵的恐怕是把一個(gè)事件的過程交代清楚。在這個(gè)過程中要注意過渡詞的使用，也就是要注意句子之間的銜接。經(jīng)常用到的過渡詞有：first,second,third,etc./now,before,after(ward),later,until,while,when(ever),then,soon,sometimes,/next,last,finally,/immediately,suddenly,gradually,meanwhile英語寫作的主題句和段落Isawayoungcyclist,about20yearsold,holdthehandlebarstight,andpedalalongasquicklyashecould.Obviouslyhewantedtoturnleftandtriedtorushthroughthegreenlightbeforeitchangedtored.Hewasinsuchahurrythatheforgottoputhislefthandout.Andthenthedriverofthelorrybehindhim,onseeingthat,madeapromptresponseandsloweddown.Butacarcomingupfrombehindovertookthelorryandtriedtocutin.Anaccidentwasinevitable!本段是一個(gè)學(xué)生的考試作文，是對一次車禍的發(fā)生的客觀記述。但是好的記敘文并非都是完全客觀的，有的作者也會(huì)把人的感情和觀點(diǎn)也加入進(jìn)去，這樣的文章讀起來有的時(shí)候會(huì)更生動(dòng)有趣。例如下文：英語寫作的主題句和段落IwaslyinginmybedthinkinghowboringthisschoolisandhowIcan’twaittillIgetoutofthisplacewhensomeguysaskedmetoplaysoccerwiththem.SoIsaid“Whynot?”andfollowedthemtothefield.Ididn’thaveanythingtodoanyway.Itwasanicesummerevening;thesunwasgettingcoolandthegrasshadbeennicelydried.Itdidn’ttakelongforustodivideuptheteamandbeginplaying.Iwasplayingthecenter-field,averyimportantoffensepositionIwasproudof.WemusthavebeenplayingforabouttenminuteswhenIfelldownhurtingmyrightankle.Ihadaccidentallysteppedintoasmallhole.Ifelttremendouspaininmyankle,asifsomeonewashoppingonitashardashecouldwithporcupineshoes.Tryingtoforgetthepain,IbitmytonguesohardthatIbled.Alltheguysgatheredaroundtoseewhatwashappening.“Hey,Joe,areyouallright?”Jimasked.英語寫作的主題句和段落在寫記敘性文章的時(shí)候，一定要注意過渡詞的使用：Yesterdayattheswimmingpooleverythingseemedtogowrong.SoonafterIarrived,Isatonmysunglassesandbrokethem.Latermybathingsuitcaughtontheroughedgeofachair,tearingaholeinthesideofthesuit.ButmyworstmomentcamewhenIdecidedtoclimbuptothehighdivingtowertoseewhattheviewwaslike.OnceIwasupthere,IrealizedthatmyfriendswerelookingatmebecausetheythoughtIwasgoingtodive.IdecidedIwastooafraidtodivefromthatheight.SoIclimbeddowntheladder,feelingveryembarrassed.英語寫作的主題句和段落病例分析缺乏必要的連接詞YesterdayIwenttothezoo.Ienteredthezoointhemorning.Ifoundthereweremanypeoplealreadythere.Iboughtaticketandwentin.Isawalotofmonkeysplayingwitheachother.Oneofthemonkeywasbathinghimselfinthesun.Ithinkitisinteresting.Afterthis,Iwenttoseeatiger.Itookmanyphotosofhim.Hewassostrongandbeautiful.Isuddenlyfelthewassopit