中國民族樂器-English

TraditionalChinesemusicalinstruments

TraditionalChinesemusicalinstruments

GuzhengGUQINPipaERHUhulusiIntroductionofGuzheng

Theguzheng,orguzheng(Chinese:古箏;pinyin:gǔzhēng)orzheng(箏)(gu-means“ancient”)isatraditionalChinesemusicalinstrument.Itbelongstothezither（箏）

familyofstring（弦）instruments.

History

ofGuzhengTheguzhenghasexistedsincetheWarringStatesPeriod（戰(zhàn)國時期）andbecameespeciallypopularduringtheQindynasty.Theancientguzhenghad12strings,whichgraduallyevolvedintoitcurrentforms.

Theguzhengistunedtoapentatonicscale（五聲音階）,the16-stringzhengistunedtogivethreecompleteoctaves（八度）,whilethe21-stringzhenghasfourcompleteoctaves.

TipsPentatonicscale（五聲音階）:宮(gōng)=‘Do’商(shāng)=‘Re’角(jué)=‘Mi’徵(zhǐ)=‘Sol’羽(yǔ)=‘La’琴

韻Theguqin(help·info)(Chinese:古琴;pinyin:gǔqín;literally“ancientstringed-instrument”)isthemodernnameforaplucked（撥絃）seven-stringChinesemusicalinstrument.

GuqinThedifferencebetween

GuqinandGuzheng

Theguzhengshouldnottobeconfusedwiththeguqin,anotherancientChinesezitherbutwithoutbridges（箏碼）.IntroductionofPIPAThePipaisafour-stringed

Chinese

instrument,belongingtothepluckedcategoryofinstruments(彈撥樂器).Tonecolour（音色）:

clearandmelodious（旋律優(yōu)美）

SometimescalledtheChineselute(古琵琶),theinstrumenthasapear-shapedwoodenbodywithavaryingnumberoffretsrangingfrom12–26.TheHistoryofPIPAThePIPAappearedintheQinDynasty

(221-206BC)andwasdevelopedduringtheHanDynasty.ThePIPAbecameafavoriteintheTangDynasty

ItisoneofthemostpopularChineseinstrumentsandhasbeenplayedfornearlytwothousandyearsinChina.PipawithChinesepoesy

大絃嘈嘈如急雨

:Theboldstringsrattledlikesplattersofsuddenrain,小絃切切如私語

:Thefinestringshummedlikelovers'whispers.嘈嘈切切錯雜彈

:Chatteringandpattering,patteringandchattering,大珠小珠落玉盤

:Aspearls,largeandsmall,onajadeplatefall.

ByBaiJuyiIntroductionofErhuTheerhu(Chinese:二胡;pinyin:èrhú),sometimesknownintheWestasthe“Chineseviolin”or“Chinesetwostringfiddle”,isatwo-stringedbowedmusicalinstrument,usedasasolo(獨(dú)奏)instrumentaswellasinsmallensembles（合奏）andlargeorchestras（樂團(tuán)）.Theerhucanbetracedbacktoinstrumentsintroducedintochinamorethanathousandyearsago.Itisbelievedtoevolvedfromthexiqin(奚琴），whichwasdescribedasaforeign,two-stringedluteinyueshu(樂書)，anencyclopedicworkonmusic，writtenbymusictheoristChenYang（陳旸）intheNorthernSongDynasty.HistoryofErhuIntroductionofHulusiIntroductionofHulusiThehulusi(simplified:葫蘆絲;pinyin:húlúsī)isafreereedwindinstrumentfromChina.Itisheldverticallyandhasthreebamboopipeswhichpassthroughagourd（葫蘆）windchest;onepipehasfingerholesandtheothertwoaredronepipes.cucurbitflute

PresentSituation

AlthoughthehulusiisstillpredominantlyperformedinChina,ithasinrecentyearsbeenadoptedbyEuropeancomposersandperformers.RohanLeachfromEngland;RaphealDeCockfromBelgiumandHermanWitkamfromtheNetherlandshavealltakentheinstrumentinnewdirections.Top10AncientChineseClassicalMusicMightyMountainandFlowingRiver(GaoShanLiuShui，高山流水)Guang

ling

San

廣陵散WildGeese(PingShaLuoYan平沙落雁)MeiFlower(MeiHuaSanNong

梅花三弄)Besieged(ShiMianMaiFu

十面埋伏)Sunset(XiYangXiaoGu夕陽簫鼓)Conversationbetweenafishermanandawoodman(YuQiaoWenDa漁樵問答)HomeReturn(HuJiaShiBaPai胡笳十八拍)AutumnMoonintheHanPalace(HanGongQiuYue漢宮秋月)Sunn