高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)山東高考英語七選五訓(xùn)練作業(yè)含答案

七選五Goingonholidaydoesn’thavetobebadfortheenvironment,andtherearestillplentyofwaysyoucanhaveamuch-deservedbreakwithoutharmingtheenvironment.Forgetplanes.Whilemostformsoftransportproducecarbondioxide,planeshaveamassivecarbonfootprintbecauseofthehugenumberofmilestheytravel.____1____Manyofusignoretheendlessbeautifulsceneryaroundus.There’stheunparalleledbeautyoftheMississippiRiver.Alternatively,youcandriveyourcartotheGrandCanyontoseeitssplendor.Packwithcare.____2____Alloftheirbottles,fromshampooandconditionertobodywashandmoisturizer,arenowmadefromrecycledplasticthatcanberepurposedagainandagainsononewplasticisproduced.Andtheiriconicsoapbarsnowalsocomeinplastic-freepackaging.____3____Hotelscanbehugeproducersofgreenhousegases.Thinkaboutthewaterthat’swastedandallthebuffetfoodthatgoesuneaten.Sochooseaneco-friendlyoptioninstead.Campingandahomestay—whereyoulivewithafamilyintheirownhome—aretwoofthebestoptions.Butifyouinsistonstayinginthehotel,pickonemadefromsustainablematerials.____4____Buygiftsresponsibly.Bringingbackgiftsforfriendsandlovedonesispartofthefunofaholiday.____5____Avoidanythingplastic,orifitisplastic,makesureitis100%recyclable,andmakesureyourfriendswilllovewhateveryougivethemsoitisn’tjustthrowninthebinheadedforlandfill.A．Thinkaboutgreenaccommodation.B．Considerlivinginaneco-friendlyhotel.C．Butmakesureyouchooseitemscarefully.D．Takebrand-namebeautyandbathproductswithyou.E．It’salsoacceptabletoliveinahotelusingnewenergy.F．Sowhynotskipflyinginfavorofaholidayclosertohome?G．Sowhydoplanesconsumesomuchfuelcomparedwithothertransport?“Mostpeopledon’tknowanythingaboutsoil,”saysDominiqueArrouays,asoilscientistinFrance.“Inthecity,theyneverseethesoil,unlessthere’sconstruction.It’sallpavement.Theydon’trealizethateverythingdependsonsoils.”Soilsgrowthefoodthatprovidesanestimated98.8percentofourdailycalories,accordingtoapaperinEnvironmentInternational,andhousemorethan25percentoftheworld’sbiodiversity.____6____Healthysoilismarkedbyitsporous(多孔)structure,producedbyrootgrowthaswellastheactivitiesofearthwormsandinsects.____7____Healthysoilsnotonlymakefarmsmoreclimate-resilient(氣候適應(yīng)力),buttheycanalsohelpkeepcostsforfarmersandtaxpayersdown.AccordingtoaUnitedNationsreport,athirdoftheplanet’ssoilishighlydegradedduetoacidification,erosion(腐蝕),andotherfactors.Soilscannotberegeneratedquickly.____8____Andyetmanypeopledismissitasnothingmorethandirt.____9____Erosionoccurswhensoilisdisplacedbywindorwater—washedofffarmsandstoredinditchesandstreams,orblownacrossthelandscapeasdust.Healthysoilresistserosionwell,especiallyifitisprotectedbyplantsabovegroundandrootsbelow-ground.____10____Theresultscanbedisastrous.Evensmallchangesyearafteryearcangraduallycausebigproblems.Soilistheskinoftheearth.Weneedtoprotectit.It’sineverybody’sinteresttosupportfarmersinrebuildingsoilhealthandpreventingerosion.A．Butsoilsareingreattroubleatpresent.B．Soilerosionisaparticularlyseriousproblemworldwide.C．Thisstructureallowsrainfalltosinkinhealthysoildeeply.D．Soilsalsostoremassiveamountsofbothfreshwaterandcarbon.E．Itmaytakeupto1,000yearstoproduceacouplecentimetersofsoil.F．Butwhensoilisleftbare,windandwatercanmoreeasilydisplaceit.G．Soilisalivingcommunitytocreatearichenvironmentforfoodproduction.Work,familyandworldeventscanbesostressfulthatitfeelslikeoptimismandjoyarefaroutofreach.Anyonecangetstuckinabadmood—butyoudon’thavetostaythere!____11____Onceyou’reinamoodyouneedtoshake,startbygoingtoyourhappyplace.____12____Ifnot,keepaphotoonyourphoneorcomputerofabeautiful,favoriteplaceandtakeamomenttoimagineyourselfthere.What’stheweatherlike?Whatdoestheairsmelllike?Whatareyoudoingwhileyou’rethere?Howdoesbeingtheremakeyoufeel?You’llinstantlyfeelcalmer,lostinthedaydreamorthememoryofyourhappyplace.Wecanmakeoursituationsworsebykeepingthinkingaboutnegativethoughts.____13____“Badthingsalwayshappentome,”becomes“WhatlessoncanIlearnfromthissituation?”“Iwastedthewholeday,”becomes“Istillhave5morehourslefttomaketodayagreatday!”Whetheritisgoingforacoffeeatyourfavoritecafé,orcatchingamovieinthetheatre,makesurethatonceaweekyouschedulesome“me”time.____14____Thatmaymeangettinglessdoneduringtheday,butyoudeservetotakeamentalbreak,regularly.Sogiveprioritytothetimeyouneedtorecharge.____15____Whetherit’stherarebitofeasytrafficonyourwaytoworkorthebreakintheweather,youwon’thavetimetocomplainaboutthenegativethingsbecauseyou’resobusybeinggrateful.A．Youcanalsovolunteeratyourlocalshelter.B．Ithelpsfocusonthepresentandclearyourmind.C．Thankfully,therearewaysyoucangetbackontrack.D．Ifyou’reable,getintonatureandbreathethefreshair.E．Relieveyourstressandrefreshyourmind,bodyandspirit.F．Whenanegativethoughtflashes,replaceitwithapositiveone.G．Whenanegativeattitudetakesover,shakeitoffbypractisinggratitude.Foryears,friendshipinAmericahasbeenindecline.____16____Friendshipcanbeanimportantfactorinwell-being,whilelonelinesscanbeassociatedwithdepressionandanxietyorheartdiseaseandstroke.Julianne,aprofessorofpsychology,said,“____17____”Whilesheadmitstherearen’tmanystudiesthathavespecificallytackledthequestionofhowmanyfriendspeopleshouldhave,somewherebetweenthreeandsixclosefriendsmaybethesweetspot.____18____Anotherstudyfoundmiddle-agedwomenwhohadthreeormorefriendstendedtohavehigherlevelsofsatisfaction.____19____Lonelinessisasortofsignaloralarmsystem.Everyonefeelslonelyfromtimetotime,butthisisadeeperquestionaboutwhetheryouregularlyfeelleftoutorisolated.OnerecentsurveysuggestedthatroughlyoneinthreeAmericanshaveexperienced“seriousloneliness”.Italsohelpstoaskyourselfiftherearepartsofyouridentitythatfeelrestricted.However,makingfriendsinadulthoodisn’talwayseasy.Researchshowspeoplestrugglewithitbecausetheyfinditdifficulttotrustnewpeopleandbecausetheyaresimplyshortoftime.Forthosereasons,itisofteneasiertostartbyrestartingoldrelationships.Takeactionanddon’tassumethatfriendshipsjusthappenorganically.____20____Dr.Hall’sresearchsuggeststhatonaverage,veryclosefriendshipstendtotakearound200hourstodevelop.Quantityandqualitygohand-in-hand.Yourpersonalityandthecharacteristicsofyourlifearegoingtomakeadifference,sotrytomakesomeclosefriends.A．Friendshipisveryimportanttopeople.B．Howcanyoutellifyouneedmorefriends?C．Lonelinessisasharmfultohealthassmoking.D．Whatdoyouneedtomakemorefriends?E．Thetrendhasbeenacceleratedduringthepandemic.F．Theamountoftimeyouspendwithyourfriendsmatters,too.G．Onestudyshowedpeoplehavingsixormorefriendshavebetterhealth.Yourfirstdayofschoolcanbeanervoustime.However,therearelotsofwaysthatyoucanprepareinadvancetohelpyourfirstdaygoassmoothlyaspossible.Locateyourclassesontheschoolmap.Ifyouaregoingtoabigschoolorcollege,it’sreallyusefultoknowwhereallyourclassesare.Printoutamapandhighlightwhereyourclassesare.____21____Checkyourschool’swebsiteforinformationaboutyourclasses.Somehighschoolsandcollegeshavewebsiteswherestudentscanloginandfindmessagesandmaterialsfromtheirteachers.____22____Youcanseeifthereareanymessagesorspecialmaterialsyouwillneedtoreview.____23____Onyourfirstdayofschool,youwillmostlikelybeaskedtoparticipateingames.Theseareagreatwaytogettoknowotherpeopleinyourclassbutcanbeabitnervewrackingifyoufeelshy.Practicesayingyourname,2factsaboutyourself,andwhereyouarefrom.Contactyourfriendsandseeifyouhaveanyofthesameclasses.Ifyoualreadyknowsomeoneatyourschool,askiftheyhaveanyofthesameclassesorlunchperiods.____24____Havingsomeoneyouknowwillhelpyoutofeelmorecomfortableinanewenvironment.Gotobedearlythenightbefore.Thiswillgiveyoulesstimetoworryaboutthenextday.Trytohavearelaxingeveningandgotobedatareasonabletime.____25____Otherwise,youmayenduplyinginbedfeelinganxious.A．Getupearlyincaseofbeinglate.B．Logintoyourschool’swebsitebeforethefirstday.C．Don’ttrytogotobedtoomuchearlierthanusual.D．Iftheydo,organizetomeetupbeforeclassorlunch.E．Preparesomeanswerstopopularicebreakerquestions.F．Ifyouarehavingtroublefindingyourclassroom,askstaffforhelp.G．Thiswillstopyoufromcompletelylosingyourheadonyourfirstday.HikingforBeginnersHikingisawonderfulwaytoimmerseyourselfintheoutdoors.Transportedbyyourowntwofeetandcarryingonlywhatyouneedforthedayonyourback,youcandiscoverthebeautyofnatureatwhateverpaceyou’recomfortablewith.___26___Ifyouhavefriendswhohike,askthemtotakeyouonalongwalk.Mostpeoplearehappytosharetheirexpertknowledge,letyouborrowgear(裝備)andintroducestarterstotheirfavoritetrails.Ifyoudon’tknowanyhikers,manycitiesandtownshavehikingclubsthatregularlyplanoutings.___27___Onlinegroupsarealsoagreatwaytofindhikingfriends.Experiencingtheoutdoorsbyyourselfcangiveyouasenseoffreedomandadventurethatarehardtofindelsewhere.___28___Werecommendfindingacompaniontokeepyoucompany.Thatpersonwillalsobetheretolendahandifyouhappentogethurt.___29___Guidebooksandwebsitesaregreatresourcesbecauseyoucangetalltheinformationyouneed:traildifficulty,distance,directions,watersources,andtrailfeatures.Ifyouhavehikingfriends,askthemforsomelocations.Contactalocalhikingorganizationorcallarangerstation(護林站)intheareawhereyouwanttohike.Beforeyoustartyoursearchfortheperfecthike,it’shelpfultothinkthroughafewthings,suchas:howmuchtimeyouhave,especiallytimeofyearandweather.___30___Ifit’sfallandthesunissettingearlier,planaccordinglysoyou’renotcaughtoutafterdarkunexpectedly.Alwayschecktheweatherforecastbeforeheadingoutsoyoucandressandpackappropriately.A．Youcangoforahikealoneoringroups.B．Butitcanalsobehair-raisingandlonelyattimes.C．Youcanfindhikingclasses,outingsandeventsthroughthem.D．Themostsignificanthikingbenefitisforaperson’smentalwell-being.E．Thereareseveraleasywaystofindahikingtrailthatwillmeetyourneeds.F．Sometrailswon’tbeaccessibleinearlyspringbecausethey’recoveredinsnow.G．And,withalittleplanningandpreparation,it’sanactivityalmostanyonecando.I’msureweallknowbynowthatexerciseisgreatforyou.___31___So,inthispost,Iamgoingtosharemytopfourreasonsforworkingout.Firstly,exercisecancompletelychangeyourmood!Whenyouworkout,yourbodyproducesendorphins,whichwillgiveyouarushofhappiness.___32___Nexttimeyou’rehavingabadday,trygoingforafast-pacedrun,andthedaywon’tseemsobadafterall.Secondly,exercisingissociable.WheneverImovetoanewcitytostudyorwork,Ilookforexerciseclassestodo.___33___Usually,youallshareacollectivefeelingofeuphoriawhentheclassfinishes!Thirdly,exercisemakesyoufeelconfident.Weallknowthephysicaleffectsofexerciseonourbodiesbutwedon’talwaystalkaboutthementaleffects.Exercisemightgiveyouafeelingofconfidencefrombeingcomfortablewithyourbodyandappearance.___34___Finally,ithelpstorelievestress.Focusingonliftingweightsorgoingforaruncanhelpyouforgettheproblemsandstressofdailylife,studiesorwork.Duringexams,Ialwaysspendanhouradayinthegym.Itmakesmefeellessanxiousanditalsohelpsmetosleepwell.___35___Itmightnotbeeasybutit’sagreatfeelingdoingsomethingyoucouldn’tdobeforeandknowingit’saresultofyourhardwork.A．Whatkindsofexercisedoyouusuallytake?B．Youwillfeelbetterafteraworkoutthanyoudidbeforeit.C．Butmostexerciseclassesaretooexpensiveforordinarypeople.D．Thisnewconfidencemightevenhelpinyoursocialorworklife.E．So,nexttimeyou’refeelingdown,putyourtrainersonandgetsweating.F．Butsometimesfindingthatmotivationtoworkoutcanbealittledifficult.G．Youmeetlike-mindedpeoplethere,andyoucansupporteachotherduringadifficultworkout.TrustedMediaBrandsisamediaanddirectmarketingcompany.Itconnectsconsumerswithabsorbingcontent,inspiringcommunities,andproducts&servicesthatbringtheirpassionstolife.____36____Manypeopletakeitasthefavorite.Sinceourbeginning,we’vebeencreatingthekindofcontentthatreaderswanttodeeplyengagewithagainandagain.Ourtrusted,empoweringandupliftingcontentisdesignedtohelpourreadersimprovetheirlivesandgrowtheirconnectionsandexperiencesoflife.____37____ExpandedEngagementOurtitlesnotonlyhavethestrongestengagementamongourpeers,butourcompanycreatesalevelofengagementthatisbothactivetowardthecontentandtheadvertisers’messages.____38____Theydon’tskimourcontent;theyreadeveryword.Whentheyengagewithus,theyarenotlookingtofilltimebutinsteadarefascinatedbothwithourcontentandourpartners’messages.Trusted,EmpoweringandUpliftingContent____39____Theyarebuildingtrust,empoweringourreaders,andprovidinganinspiringspirit.Andthosewhocometoustoseekcontentwillfinditrewardtheirattentionandsatisfythemselveswithideas,knowledgeandinspiration.Thesethreefundamentalprinciplesareintroducedasfollows.Trustisbuiltintoeachofourtitleswithexpertandtruthfulcontent.Ourcontentalsoprovidesthefueltoempowernotjustourreadersbuttheirfamilyandfriendsandevenacquaintancesbecauseitisintendedtobeshared,enrichestheirlivesandbringseveryoneclosertogether.____40____A．Ourcontentisbuiltaroundthreecorethemes.B．Itenjoysagoodreputationathomeandabroad.C．Ourreadersarefullyinvolved,notdistracted.D．Socompaniesshouldgettheirprofithonestly.E．It’sourmaintasktoofferthereadersinformationineveryfield.F．Thenweareabletouniquelypromotethereaders’engagementthroughthecontent.G．Andlastlyourbrandtitlesconsistentlyofferwarmth,pomposity,andanupliftingspirit.ToputintowordsmytimeinAntarcticaandSouthGeorgiaisnearlyimpossible.Ihadalwaysdescribeditasaonceinalifetimeexperience,butassoonasIsteppedfootonthecontinent,IimmediatelyknewIneededtoreturn.____41____About50%ofthepassengersofourexpedition(遠征)hadbeentoAntarcticaatleastoncebefore.Thisgoestoshowjusthowmagicalofadestinationitis.Allyoursenseswillbestimulated...isthebestwayIcandescribethetimeonthewhitecontinent.Howtinyyoufeelnexttotoweringglaciersandicebergs.TheicywatermovingthroughyourbodyasyoutaketheinfamousPolarPlunge.Thelearningofheart-touchingstoriesofsurvivalfromexplorersofthepast.____42____Antarcticamakesyoufeelsosmallandinsignificant,inthebestway.____43____Yougetfrontrowseatstowitnessthemostincredibleshow:nature.Itisasmuchbeautifulasisitcruel.Likeseeingabrownskua(賊鷗)attackingapenguinchick.Yourheartaches.ThenyourexpeditionguideregretfullytellsyouthatachickthatissmallinMarchwouldhaveveryslimchancesofsurvivingtheupcomingwinter.Thecyclecontinues,andyou’releftwonderingwhotorootfor.ThingsmovefastinAntarctica,andeverymonthofferssomethingreallyuniqueandspecialtosee.InMarch,theweatherisabitmoreunpredictable,andtheseaiceisbeginningtoformagain.____44____Intwomoreweeks,expeditionshipswouldnotbeabletobreakthroughtheice.Thepenguinsarecompletingtheiryearlyfeather-changingprocess.____45____Theexpeditionteammadesurewekeptourdistanceanddidnotscarethemintohidingunderfreezingwater.Theseanimals,arguablythecutestyouwilleversee,survivesuchunfavorableenvironments.It’sabsolutelyincredibletowitnessthechallenges,theskill,theefforts,allofit.Iamforevergratefultohavebeenavisitor.A．Thelistgoeson.B．Butthisisnotalwaysthecase.C．Ourvoyagewasthelastoftheseason.D．Iwasnottheonlyonewhofeltthisway.E．I,yearslater,didreturntothisfascinatingplace.F．Theyarereallyweakduringthistime,andcannotdive.G．Everythinghasapurpose,andthecycleoflifeisevident.Forteenagers,theimportanceofadequatenightlysleepremainsconstant.Enoughshut-eyetimeiscrucialtobothphysicalhealthandcognitivefunctioning.____46____Parentsaredeeplyworriedaboutthis.Herearesometipsforparentstocushiontheblowfromtheschoolstuff,suchasearlierschoolstarttimeandmountingamountsofhomework.Setupabedtimeroutine.Aregularbedtimeroutinestartingaroundthesametimeeachnightencouragesgoodsleeppatterns.____47____Foroldones,thismightincludeaquietandreflectivechat.Checknoiseandlightinyourchild’sbedroom.____48____Checkifyourchild’sbedroomistoolightornoisyforsleep.Bluelightfromvariousscreensmightcontainmelatoninlevelsanddelaysleepiness.Ensuregooddinnerwithreasonableamounts.Thesayinggoesthatweshouldeatlikeakinginthemorning,aprinceatnoonandafarmeratnight.Butthefarmer-wayofdinnerdoesn’tapplytoyourchildren.Theyneedmorenutrition.Butmakesureyourchildhasarightamountofeveningmeal.Feelinghungryorfullbeforebedmakesyourchilduncomfortable.____49________50____Mostchildrenreceiveaportionoftheirrecommendedamountofsleepeachdayfromnaps.Notsleepingthroughthenightisfairlycommonforyoungchildren,sotheyneedanextraboostfromdaytimenapstoensuretheygetenoughsleepforanygiven24-hourperiod.A．Takeagoodnap.B．Sleepthroughthenight.C．Thiscanmakeithardforyourchildtogettosleep.D．Aquiet,dimlylitspaceisimportantforagoodsleep.E．Fixedbathandstorytimehelpssmallkidsreadyforsleep.F．Daytimenapsaresaidtobeagoodadditiontonightlysleep.G．Thatsaid,surveysrevealoneinfiveteenssleeplessthansevenhours.參考答案：1．F2．D3．A4．E5．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了如何在度假時更好地保護環(huán)境的幾條建議。1．根據(jù)空前“Whilemostformsoftransportproducecarbondioxide,oneofthegassesresponsibleforglobalwarming,planeshaveamassivecarbonfootprintbecauseofthehugenumberofmilestheytravel.（雖然大多數(shù)交通工具都會產(chǎn)生導(dǎo)致全球變暖的二氧化碳，但由于飛機飛行了大量的英里數(shù)，因此會產(chǎn)生大量的碳足跡。）和空后“There’ssomuchtoseeanddointheUKyetmostofusoverlooktheendlesspossibilities.（英國有那么多可看可做的事情，但我們大多數(shù)人都忽視了無限的可能性。）可知，空處談?wù)摰氖墙ㄗh大家選擇不要坐飛機出行，結(jié)合選項可知，選項F.Sowhynotskipflyinginfavorofaholidayclosertohome?(所以，為什么不放棄飛機旅行，選擇離家近一點的假期呢?)這一句承上啟下，符合題意。故選F項。2．根據(jù)空后“Alloftheirbottles,fromshampooandconditionertobodywashandmoisturizers,arenowmadefromrecycledplasticthatcanbere-purposedagainandagainsononewplasticisproduced.Andtheiriconicsoapbarsnowalsocomeinplastic-freepackaging.（他們所有的瓶子，從洗發(fā)水、護發(fā)素到沐浴露和潤膚霜，現(xiàn)在都是由回收塑料制成的，這些塑料可以一次又一次地重復(fù)使用，所以不會產(chǎn)生新的塑料。他們標志性的香皂現(xiàn)在也采用無塑料包裝。）可知，空處談?wù)摰氖黔h(huán)保產(chǎn)品；選項D.Takeenvironmentally-friendlybeautyandbathingproductswithyou.(隨身攜帶環(huán)保美容沐浴產(chǎn)品)符合題意，下文their指代選項中的products。故選D項。3．空處是本段的主旨句。根據(jù)空后“Hotelscanbehugeproducersofgreenhousegasses—thinkaboutthewaterthat’swasted,allthebathroomproductsthrownouthalfusedandallthebuffetfoodthatgoesuneaten.Sochooseaneco-friendlyoptioninstead.Sochooseaneco-friendlyoptioninstead.Campingandahomestay—whereyoulivewithafamilyintheirownhome—aretwoofthebestoptions.（酒店是溫室氣體的巨大制造者——想想那些被浪費掉的水，那些被浪費掉一半的浴室用品，還有那些沒有被吃掉的自助餐。所以選擇一個環(huán)保的住處。露營和民宿是兩個最好的選擇，在那里你和一家人住在自己的家里。）”可知，本段主要講述選擇一個環(huán)保的住處；根據(jù)選項可知，選項A.Thinkaboutgreenaccommodation(考慮住在環(huán)保的住處。)能概括本段大意，符合題意。故選A項。4．根據(jù)上文“Butifyouinsistonstayinginthehotel,pickonemadefromsustainablematerials.”（但如果你堅持住酒店，那就選擇一家由可持續(xù)材料制成的酒店）可知，選項承接上文說明要住在環(huán)保的酒店內(nèi)，選項E“住在使用新能源的酒店里也是可以接受的”切題。故選E項。5．根據(jù)空后“Avoidanythingplastic,orifitisplasticmakesureitis100%recyclable,andmakesureyourfriendswilllovewhateveryougivethemsoitisn’tjustthrowninthebinheadedforlandfill.（避免任何塑料制品，如果是塑料制品，確保它是100%可回收的，并確保你的朋友會喜歡你送他們的任何東西，這樣它們就不會被直接扔進垃圾箱，然后被扔進垃圾填埋場。）可知，空處談?wù)摰氖侨绾芜x擇禮物；根據(jù)選項可知，選項C.Butmakesureyouchooseitemscarefully.(但一定要仔細挑選。)與下文描述一致，符合題意。故選C項。6．D7．C8．E9．B10．F【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了土壤的重要性和土壤侵蝕問題，呼吁我們保護土壤。6．根據(jù)上文“Soilsgrowthefoodthatprovidesanestimated98.8percentofourdailycalories,accordingtoapaperinEnvironmentInternational,andhousemorethan25percentoftheworld’sbiodiversity.(根據(jù)《國際環(huán)境》雜志的一篇論文，土壤種植的食物提供了我們每天約98.8%的熱量，并容納了世界上25%以上的生物多樣性)”可知，上文介紹了土壤的重要性，D項意為“土壤還儲存大量的淡水和碳?！边x項能夠承接上文，介紹的也是土壤的重要性，土壤儲存大量的淡水和碳。故選D。7．根據(jù)上文“Healthysoilismarkedbyitsporous(多孔)structure,producedbyrootgrowthaswellastheactivitiesofearthwormsandinsects.(健康的土壤以其多孔結(jié)構(gòu)為特征，多孔結(jié)構(gòu)由根生長以及蚯蚓和昆蟲的活動產(chǎn)生。)”可知，上文介紹了土壤的多孔結(jié)構(gòu)，C項意為“這種結(jié)構(gòu)允許降雨在健康土壤中深度下沉?！边x項能夠承接上文，介紹了土壤的多孔結(jié)構(gòu)的作用。故選C。8．根據(jù)上文“Soilscannotberegeneratedquickly.(土壤不能快速再生。)”可知，上文介紹了土壤不能快速再生，E項意為“產(chǎn)生幾厘米的土壤可能需要1000年的時間?！边x項能夠承接上文，介紹了土壤再生需要很長時間，產(chǎn)生幾厘米的土壤可能需要1000年的時間。故選E。9．根據(jù)下文“Erosionoccurswhensoilisdisplacedbywindorwater—washedofffarmsandstoredinditchesandstreams,orblownacrossthelandscapeasdust.(當(dāng)土壤被風(fēng)或水從農(nóng)場沖走，并儲存在溝渠和溪流中，或作為灰塵吹過景觀時，就會發(fā)生侵蝕。)”可知，下文介紹了土壤侵蝕現(xiàn)象，B項意為“土壤侵蝕是世界范圍內(nèi)一個特別嚴重的問題?！边x項能夠引起下文，下文具體介紹了什么是土壤侵蝕。故選B。10．根據(jù)上文“Healthysoilresistserosionwell,especiallyifitisprotectedbyplantsabovegroundandrootsbelow-ground.(健康的土壤能很好地抵抗侵蝕，特別是如果它受到地上植物和地下根的保護。)”可知，如果土壤受到地上植物和地下根的保護，可以很好地抵抗侵蝕，F(xiàn)項意為“但當(dāng)土壤裸露時，風(fēng)和水更容易將其移走?！边x項與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，受到地上植物和地下根保護的土壤可以很好地抵抗侵蝕，但當(dāng)土壤裸露時，風(fēng)和水更容易將其移走。故選F。11．C12．D13．F14．E15．G【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了如何擺脫壓力和糟糕的情緒。11．根據(jù)上文“Anyonecangetstuckinabadmood—butyoudon’thavetostaythere!(任何人都可能陷入糟糕的情緒——但你不必待在那里！)”可知，上文告訴我們?nèi)魏稳硕伎梢詳[脫糟糕的情緒，不必深陷其中，C項“幸好，有很多方法可以讓你回到正軌?！蹦軌虺薪由衔?，且能夠引起下文，下文介紹了擺脫糟糕情緒的方法。故選C。12．根據(jù)上文“Onceyou’reinamoodyouneedtoshake,startbygoingtoyourhappyplace.(一旦你有了需要擺脫的情緒，就你讓你快樂的地方開始。)”可知，上文告訴我們可以通過從讓你快樂的地方擺脫糟糕的情緒，D項“如果可以，進入大自然，呼吸新鮮空氣?！蹦軌虺薪由衔?，“大自然”是讓你感到快樂的地方，你可以去那里呼吸新鮮空氣。故選D。13．根據(jù)上文“Wecanmakeoursituationsworsebykeepingthinkingaboutnegativethoughts.(我們可能通過不斷思考消極的想法來使我們的處境變得更糟。)”可知，上文告訴我們不斷思考消極的想法會使我們的處境變得更糟，F(xiàn)項“當(dāng)消極的想法閃現(xiàn)時，用積極的想法代替它?！蹦軌虺薪由衔?，為了擺脫糟糕的情緒，我們要用積極的想法代替消極的想法。故選F。14．根據(jù)上文“Whetheritisgoingforacoffeeatyourfavoritecafé,orcatchingamovieinthetheatre,makesurethatonceaweekyouschedulesome“me”time.(無論是去你最喜歡的咖啡館喝咖啡，還是去電影院看電影，確保每周安排一些“我”的時間。)”可知，上文告訴我們每周要安排一些屬于自己的時間，E項“緩解你的壓力，恢復(fù)你的思想、身體和精神?！蹦軌虺薪由衔?，每周要安排一些屬于自己的時間，這樣做可以緩解你的壓力，讓你的思想、身體和精神得到恢復(fù)。故選E。15．根據(jù)下文“Whetherit’stherarebitofeasytrafficonyourwaytoworkorthebreakintheweather,youwon’thavetimetocomplainaboutthenegativethingsbecauseyou’resobusybeinggrateful.(無論是上班路上難得的順暢交通，還是天氣晴好，你都沒有時間抱怨負面的事情，因為你忙著感恩。)”可知，下文告訴我們要學(xué)會感恩身邊的人和事物，G項“當(dāng)消極態(tài)度占據(jù)上風(fēng)時，通過練習(xí)感恩來擺脫它。”能夠引起下文，告訴我們要通過感恩來擺脫消極態(tài)度，選項中的“gratitude”和下文的“grateful”相呼應(yīng)。故選G。16．E17．C18．G19．B20．F【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章向我們揭露了朋友的重要性，表明了孤獨的危害，同時道出了成年后交朋友并不總是那么容易的原因。16．上文“Foryears,friendshipinAmericahasbeenindecline.(多年來，美國的友誼一直在衰退。)”在講述美國的友誼一直在衰退；下文“Friendshipcanbeanimportantfactorinwell-being,whilelonelinesscanbeassociatedwithdepressionandanxietyorheartdiseaseandstroke.(友誼可能是幸福的一個重要因素，而孤獨可能與抑郁、焦慮或心臟病和中風(fēng)有關(guān)。)”在講述友誼的益處；選項E“Thetrendhasbeenacceleratedduringthepandemic.(在疫情期間，這一趨勢有所加速。)”在講述美國友誼衰退這一趨勢在加速，因為在疫情期間，人們通常是呆在家里的，這更加不利于友誼的發(fā)展，故本句承接了上文所述內(nèi)容，是對上文內(nèi)容的補充，同時引出下文對于友誼重要性的闡述；故選項E符合語境；故選E項。17．前文“Friendshipcanbeanimportantfactorinwell-being,whilelonelinesscanbeassociatedwithdepressionandanxietyorheartdiseaseandstroke.(友誼可能是幸福的一個重要因素，而孤獨可能與抑郁、焦慮或心臟病和中風(fēng)有關(guān)。)”在講述友誼的重要性，同時提出孤獨可能與抑郁、焦慮或心臟病和中風(fēng)有關(guān)；上文“Julianne,aprofessorofpsychology,said(心理學(xué)教授Julianne說)”表明了空處是Julianne說的話；選項C“Lonelinessisasharmfultohealthassmoking.(孤獨和抽煙一樣對健康有害。)”也是在講述孤獨的壞處，與前文所述主旨一致，都意在表明孤獨的危害；故選項C符合語境；故選C項。18．上文“Whilesheadmitstherearen’tmanystudiesthathavespecificallytackledthequestionofhowmanyfriendspeopleshouldhave,somewherebetweenthreeandsixclosefriendsmaybethesweetspot.(雖然她承認，沒有多少研究專門處理人們應(yīng)該有多少朋友的問題，但3到6個親密朋友可能是最佳選擇。)”在講述人們擁有3至6個親密朋友可能是最佳選擇；下文“Anotherstudyfoundmiddle-agedwomenwhohadthreeormorefriendstendedtohavehigherlevelsofsatisfaction.(另一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，有三個或更多朋友的中年女性往往有更高的滿意度。)”在講述有三個或更多朋友的中年女性往往有更高的滿意度；選項G“Onestudyshowedpeoplehavingsixormorefriendshavebetterhealth.(一項研究表明，有六個或更多朋友的人身體更健康。)”在講述有六個或更多朋友的人身體更健康，與上下文主旨一致，都是對人們到底該有多少朋友的問題的研究探討；故選項G符合語境；故選G項。19．下文“Lonelinessisasortofsignaloralarmsystem.Everyonefeelslonelyfromtimetotime,butthisisadeeperquestionaboutwhetheryouregularlyfeelleftoutorisolated.OnerecentsurveysuggestedthatroughlyoneinthreeAmericanshaveexperienced“seriousloneliness”.(孤獨是一種信號或警報系統(tǒng)。每個人都會時不時地感到孤獨，但這是一個關(guān)于你是否經(jīng)常感到被冷落或孤立的更深層次的問題。最近的一項調(diào)查顯示，大約三分之一的美國人經(jīng)歷過“嚴重的孤獨”。)”在講述與孤獨相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，提到了是不是經(jīng)常感到被冷落或孤立，因為缺少朋友才會經(jīng)常感到孤獨，言外之意，如果經(jīng)常感到孤獨，那說明你就是缺朋友了，故本段主要講述了怎樣判斷自己是否需要更多朋友；選項B“Howcanyoutellifyouneedmorefriends(你怎么知道你是否需要更多的朋友)”提到怎樣知道你是否需要更多的朋友，引出了下文對于是否需要更多朋友判斷依據(jù)的表述，故選項B符合語境；故選B項。20．上文“However,makingfriendsinadulthoodisn’talwayseasy.Researchshowspeoplestrugglewithitbecausetheyfinditdifficulttotrustnewpeopleandbecausetheyaresimplyshortoftime.Forthosereasons,itisofteneasiertostartbyrestartingoldrelationships.Takeactionanddon’tassumethatfriendshipsjusthappenorganically.(然而，成年后交朋友并不總是那么容易。研究表明，人們在這方面很掙扎，因為他們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難信任新人，因為他們只是時間不夠。出于這些原因，通常更容易從重新開始舊的關(guān)系為開始。采取行動，不要以為友誼是自然產(chǎn)生的。)”在講述人們因為交往時間短而不信任新人，往往又重新開始舊的關(guān)系；下文“Dr.Hall’sresearchsuggeststhatonaverage,veryclosefriendshipstendtotakearound200hourstodevelop.(Hall的研究表明，一般來說，非常親密的友誼往往需要大約200個小時才能建立起來。)”在講述非常親密的友誼往往需要大約200個小時才能建立起來；選項F“Theamountoftimeyouspendwithyourfriendsmatters,too.(和朋友在一起的時間也很重要)”在講述和朋友在一起的時間也很重要，承接了上文所述內(nèi)容，同時引出下文拿出具體研究結(jié)果為依據(jù)來對空處所述內(nèi)容的論證；故選項F符合語境；故選F項。21．G22．B23．E24．D25．C【導(dǎo)語】本是一篇說明文。主要介紹了能夠讓上學(xué)第一天盡可能順利地進行