高考英語完形填空解題思路與技巧(公開課)

從江一中英語高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題課2018.3.21實用文檔

contents：

考綱分析2.主要特點3.技巧點撥6.課堂小結(jié)5.真題演練4.經(jīng)典例解考綱分析2.主要特點實用文檔考綱分析1.高考完形填空詞數(shù)250左右，選材以記敘文為主，夾敘夾議，設(shè)空20個，首句不設(shè)空．2.文章主題明確，條理清晰，邏輯性強(qiáng)，語言地道，內(nèi)容頗有教育意義，有助于學(xué)生形成正確的情感態(tài)度和價值觀3.做該類題時間為15分鐘，文章難度相當(dāng)于必修教材．句內(nèi)層次題：是指空格的答案由空格所在句子決定(容易)句組層次題：是指空格的答案與空格相距不遠(yuǎn)的一組句子決定(較易)語篇層次題：是指空格的答案與語篇文章的內(nèi)涵決定(較難)實用文檔1.語境為主，語法極少：2.干擾性強(qiáng)，重細(xì)微辨析3.實詞為主，虛詞為輔4.縱觀歷年英語高考，會發(fā)現(xiàn)有些詞和語法點是命題組特別偏愛的，例：名詞:voice,customer;形容詞:surprise,impossible;副詞:immediately,successfully;動詞:go,come,annoy,continue等經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在選項中，且多為正確．5.Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，Ｄ四個答案通常各5個，6.文章中出現(xiàn)的詞在選項中復(fù)現(xiàn)，常為答案．2.主要特點實用文檔英語完形填空解題步驟速覽全文，把握大意。細(xì)讀首句，摸清文路。瞻前顧后，準(zhǔn)確選擇。復(fù)核全文，調(diào)整答案。做完形填空必須讀懂文章，前后邏輯一致；完形填空每個小題的正確答案都是有充分根據(jù)的，可以在文章匯總找到具體的突破口也就是信息點。解題時應(yīng)聯(lián)系上下文尋找相關(guān)線索，如某一個詞的原詞、指代詞、同義詞、近義詞、上義詞、下義詞和概括詞等。≈2mins≈10mins≈2mins≈1mins實用文檔3.技巧點撥1.首尾句進(jìn)行預(yù)測2.語法分析3.固定搭配4.固定句型5.復(fù)現(xiàn)信息6.排除法7.上下文邏輯關(guān)系8.背景常識9.對比結(jié)構(gòu)10.平行結(jié)構(gòu)同時多關(guān)注熟詞新義(已印發(fā))實用文檔

1.跳讀首尾句進(jìn)行預(yù)測

一般來講，高考完形填空的首、尾句通常是不挖空的。先跳讀這兩句，便可判斷體裁，猜想它要講什么。若首句交代了when,where,who,what，即四個W，那么就是記敘文，很可能就是一個故事；若首句是提出或解釋說明某事物，一般來說是說明文；若首句提出一個論點，那么就是議論文。首句往往開宗明義，是文章的主題。細(xì)讀首句可啟示全文。而尾句又往往是對文章主題的總結(jié)。所以，它們是了解文章大意的一個窗口，對我們理解全文有著重要的啟示作用。EvelynGlenniewasthefirstladyofsolopercussioninScotland.Inaninterview,sherecalledhowshebecameapercussionsoloist(打擊樂器獨奏演員)inspiteofherdisability.本文主要講述的是蘇格蘭第一位女打擊樂器獨奏演員EvelynGlennie在耳聾的情況下成功學(xué)習(xí)打擊樂器的經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)首句給出的信息，下面我們可以猜想EvelynGlennie學(xué)習(xí)打擊樂器過程必然充滿困難，而能夠在耳聾的情況下學(xué)習(xí)打擊樂器，EvelynGlennie對音樂肯定也是充滿熱情的。4.經(jīng)典例解實用文檔_____doyousupposeheaskedforthem?A.WhatB.HowC.WhoD.Which

演練：_____Ihadbeenborninthe16thcentury,Iwouldhavehadnojob.A.BecauseB.WhileC.IfD.Since

2.語法分析【解析】本題中，doyousuppose為插入成分。heaskedforthem是一個相對獨立和完整的句子，因此空格處應(yīng)該用副詞How來修飾謂語動詞asked，而不能用代詞What,Who或Which?！窘馕觥扛鶕?jù)后面的Ihadbeenborninthe16thcentury可知這只是個假設(shè)，是一個虛擬語氣的條件句。故前面要用if引導(dǎo)BC實用文檔They

could’t

read

or

write.

They

didn’t

like

to

work

and

they

never

______

baths.

A.

took

B.

washed

C.

ran

D.

covered

演練：I

did

very

badly

at

school.

My

headmaster

thought

I

was

useless

and

when

I

was

14

.He

said,

“You’re

never

going

to

be

_____

but

a

failure.”

A.

anything

B.

something

C.

everything

D.

nothing

3.固定搭配【解析】本題考查的是固定搭配take

a

bath，意為“洗澡”。

【解析】本題考查習(xí)語anything

but，意為“決不”“根本不”，即校長認(rèn)為我肯定是一個失敗的人。AA實用文檔Ihaven’thadaphoneinthehouseforthreeweeksnow,andit’sseveraldays______Iusedaphonebox.

A.asB.whenC.ifD.since

演練：Itwasn’tlong______thepolicecaughtthethief.A.afterB.whenC.beforeD.until

4.固定句型【解析】本題考查的是it’s…since…句型，意為“自從……已(多長時間了)”。這句話的意思是“自從我上次打投幣電話已經(jīng)有好幾天了”。【解析】Itwasn’tlongbefore…是常用句型，意為“不久就……”。這里說的是不久警察就把小偷捉到了。DC實用文檔5.復(fù)現(xiàn)信息Iputmyheadin,expectingtheworst.Buttomysurprise,theroomwasn’temptyatall.Ithadfurniture,curtains,aTV,andevenpaintingsonthewall.Andthenonthewell-madebedsatAmy,mynew______,dressedneatly.A.roommateB.classmateC.neighborD.companion【分析】名詞同現(xiàn)，空格前出現(xiàn)了room,furniture,curtains,aTV等同現(xiàn)信息可知坐在鋪好的床上的是“我”的室友。A演練：Firstofall,Irespectedhis_____toteaching.Becausehislectureswerealwayswell-preparedandclearlydelivered,studentscrowdedintohisclassroom.A.attentionB.introductionC.relationD.Devotion實用文檔Heputthebooksintothereturnbox.Andafterabrief______inthetoilet,hewouldbeonhiswaytotheplaygroundtomeetEric.A.restB.breakC.walkD.stop6.排除法【解析】此題答案為D。人不可能在廁所里休息（rest,break）或是散步（walk），由此排除另外三個選項。演練：thewomanlookedcarefullyatme_____throughherglasses,andthenquestionedmeinalowvoice.A.asusualB.forawhileC.inaminuteD.onceagain實用文檔7.上下文邏輯關(guān)系

充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到對選擇有提示作用的詞或句，結(jié)合語境答題。Mrs.Blackwouldaskmeformy___.ShewantedtoknowhowIthoughtweshould_______things.AtfirstIhadnoideahowtoanswerbecauseIknow___aboutstagedesign!2.A.opinionB.impressionC.information

D.intention4.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything

AhandleC實用文檔8.背景常識After______theBritishflagatthePole,theytookaphotographofthemselvesbeforetheystartedthe950-milejourneyback.A.GrowingB.puttingC.plantingD.laying演練：SalinaJoebeganto_____whenshewasone-yearold.A.sayB.CryC.SingD.talk【解析】根據(jù)常識，南極地區(qū)冰雪覆蓋，須費好大的勁將旗插進(jìn)極地，plant在這里的意思是“安插”“插牢”，故答案為C【解析】根據(jù)常識判斷，嬰兒在一歲的時候應(yīng)該是開始學(xué)說話，而不是學(xué)哭或?qū)W唱歌，故答案只能在A、D之間選出。又因為say是及物動詞，其后面需接賓語，而talk是不及物動詞，其后不需要接賓語，故正確答案為D。實用文檔9.對比結(jié)構(gòu)Apupilwhocandohishomeworkinaquietand______roomisinamuchbetterpositionthanapupilwhodoeshishomeworkinasmall,noisyroomwiththetelevisionon.A.furnishedB.expensiveC.ComfortableD.suitable【分析】本題利用相似短語之間的對比關(guān)系來命題。設(shè)空部分與下文的asmall,noisyroomwiththetelevisionon存在對比關(guān)系。作者想借此說明“相同的作業(yè)”對于“不同家庭背景的學(xué)生”所表現(xiàn)出的事實上的不公平。答案為C。實用文檔10.平行結(jié)構(gòu)Manypeoplenowthinkthatteachersgivepupilstoomuchhomework.Theysaythatitis_____forchildrentoworkathomeintheirfreetime.______,theyarguethatmostteachersdonot______planthehomeworktaskstheygivetopupils.51.A.unnecessaryB.uninterestingC.unfortunateD.unimportant52.A.NeverthelessB.howeverC.ThereforeD.Moreover53.A.considerablyB.favorablyC.properlyD.pleasantly【解析】排比結(jié)構(gòu)由Manypeoplethinkthat...Theysaythat...theyarguethat...所組成。在意義上表現(xiàn)了人們（學(xué)生家長）對學(xué)生課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)過重的抱怨。該結(jié)構(gòu)中所設(shè)置的三個空格的正確填入，要求考生首先把握結(jié)構(gòu)所體現(xiàn)的“主題”——抱怨作業(yè)太多。其次，要求考生理解三句之間在表達(dá)意義上的遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。即：作業(yè)過多“toomuchhomework”；所以，課余學(xué)生在家做作業(yè)是沒必要的“unnecessary”；不僅如此，教師對作業(yè)的設(shè)計也不合適“notproperly”。故答案分別為A、D、C。實用文檔11.熟詞新義1.三維設(shè)計(63頁)Ihadbeenpickedtobetheprincessintheschoolplay,andforweeksmymotherhadpracticedmy____withme.A.PointsB.filmsC.linesD.actions2..三維設(shè)計(75頁)At18shemarriedand___afamily.A.inventedB.selectedC.offeredD.started3.三維設(shè)計(81頁)Allthat___tohimwastoaccomplishthetaskofactivityathandtothebestofhisability,feelingtheexperienceofrunningfullyandfreely.A.HappenedB.caredC.matteredD.related三維設(shè)計(140頁)4.Shetoldhimtobringtheirbsonandher____setofcarkeys,becauseherkeyswereinthestolenpurse.A.ownB.otherC.restD.spare5.三維設(shè)計(158頁)Ifamotheristhecementthatholdsafamilytogether,thenthefatheris____thatstrengthensthatcementA.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing(臺詞)(組建，創(chuàng)建）(要緊的，重要的）(備用的）(重要人物）實用文檔5.真題演練實用文檔1)IthasbeenmanyyearssinceIwaslastinLondon,＿＿Istillremembersomethingthathappenedduringthatvisit.

A.andB.forC.butD.as

2)Ifhedidnotknowthem,hewouldgreetthemwithafewwordsabouttheweather,______hedid,hewouldaskabouttheirfamilyandthenB.andsoC.evenifDbutifIfhedidhewouldhedidhewouldstill實用文檔1)Withherslowandclumsyreactions,shewouldsurely____herteam.holdonB.holdoutC.holdoverD.holdup2)My____racedbackmorethanthirtyyearstothedarkdaysof1941.A.mindsB.memoriesC.thoughtsD.brains

堅持；不掛斷伸出拖延阻礙slowandclumsyreactions★★racedback頭腦；智力記憶思想；想法大腦；頭腦實用文檔完形填空三忌：忌不看首句，直奔空格處作答。忌當(dāng)做語法填空來做。完形填空很多選項必須根據(jù)上下文才能選出，不是孤立的看本句話。忌先入為主，一氣呵成。做題時先填把握的空格，對不是很有把握的先放一放，在后文的到答案或在做完全文后回頭看才會獲得答案。6.課堂小結(jié)實用文檔Thankyou實用文檔Homework:finishtheclozetestontheexercisepaper.實用文檔（2015年全國II卷）Inourdiscussionwithpeopleonhoweducationcanhelpthemsucceedinlife,awomanrememberedthefirstmeetingofanintroductory1courseabout20yearsago.Theprofessor2thelecturehall,placeduponhisdeskalargejarfilledwithdriedbeans(豆),andinvitedthestudentsto3howmanybeansthejarcontained.After4shoutsofwildlywrongguesses,theprofessorsmiledathin,drysmile,announcedthe5answer,andwentonsaying,“Youhavejust6animportantlessonaboutscience.Thatis:Never7yourownsenses.”Twentyyearslater,the8couldguesswhattheprofessorhadinmind.He9himself,perhaps,asinvitinghisstudentstostartanexciting10intoanunknownsworldinvisible（無形的）tothe11,whichcanbediscoveredonlythroughscientific12.Buttheseventeen-year-oldgirlcouldnotacceptoreven13theinvitation.Shewasjust14tounderstandtheworld.Andshe15thatherfirsthandexperiencecouldbethe16.Theprofessor,however,saidthatitwas17.Hewastakingawayheronly18forknowingandwasprovidingherwithnosubstitute（替代）.“Irememberfeelingsmalland19.”Thewomansays,“andIdidtheonlythingIcoulddo.I20thecoursetheafternoon,andIhaven’tgonenearsciencesince.”◆原詞重現(xiàn)1．A．a(chǎn)rtB.historyC.scienceD.math■詞匯辨析2．A．searchedforB.lookedatC.gotthroughD.marchedinto◆原詞重現(xiàn)3．A．countB.guessC.reportD.watch◆上下文4．A．warningB.givingC.turningawayD.listeningto▲常識推理5．A．readyB.possibleC.correctD.difficult●固定搭配6．A．learnedB.preparedC.taughtD.taken◆上下文7．A．loseB.trustC.sharpenD.taken◆上下文8．A．lecturerB.scientistC.speakerD.woman●上下文