翻譯理論與實(shí)踐5常用技巧

TranslationTechniquesContentsDictionAmplificationOmissionConversionRestructuringPassiveVoiceAffirmative&NegativeDiction選詞ExampleCorrespondenceBetweenEnglishandChineseatWordLevel

ExercisesBACK

ExampleTensionisbuildingup.

Withoutcontext,both“tension”and“buildingup”mayhavevariousexplanations.ThustheEnglishsentencemaybetranslatedintodifferentChineseexpressionsaccordingly:

形勢(shì)緊張起來 張力在增大 電壓在增加 壓力在增強(qiáng)E-C&C-ECorrespondenceatWordLevel

Generallyspeaking,thecorrespondencebetweenEnglishandChineseatwordlevelmaybecategorizedasfollows:word-for-wordcorrespondencewordswithmultipleequivalentsofthesamemeaningwordswithseveralequivalentsofdifferentmeaningequivalentsinterwovenwithoneanotherwordswithoutequivalents1.word-forwordcorrespondenceProperNounsandtechnicalterms.e.g: Marxism=馬克思主義

Aspirin=阿司匹林 激光=Laser

白血病=leukemia2.

wordswithmultipleequivalentsofthesamemeaning

wife:妻子，愛人，夫人，老婆，老伴，媳婦，堂客，內(nèi)人potato：馬鈴薯，洋芋，土豆，山藥蛋人：humanbeing,man,people,person犬：dog,hound,spaniel,setter3.wordswithseveralequivalentsofdifferentmeaningcousin:堂兄，堂弟，堂姐，堂妹，表哥，表弟，表姐，表妹president:總統(tǒng)，總裁，主席，董事長(zhǎng)，議長(zhǎng)，會(huì)長(zhǎng)，社長(zhǎng)，校長(zhǎng)走:walk,saunter,amble,stride,trudge,tiptoe,shamble,clump,prance機(jī):machine,engine,plane,aircraft4.equivalentsinterwovenwithoneanothersay,speak,talk,tell說，講，談，訴5.wordswithoutequivalentsteenager：13-19歲的青少年clock-watcher：老是看鐘等下班的人陰(inChinesethoughts)thesoftinactivefemaleprincipleorforceintheworld.陽(inChinesethoughts)thestrongactivemaleprincipleorforceintheworldbackheadYoushoulduseyourheadalittle.Hehasagoodheadformathematics.Thedinnercost5dollarsahead.

Letsdiscussthequestionunder5heads.Hewasstandingattheheadofthestaircase.Whereisthehead?ExercisesYoushoulduseyourheadalittle.

你應(yīng)該用一下自己的頭腦。Hehasagoodheadformathematics.

他的數(shù)學(xué)能力很強(qiáng)。

Thedinnercost5dollarsahead.

這頓飯花去我們每人5塊錢。

Let’sdiscussthequestionunder5heads.

我們分5個(gè)題目來討論這個(gè)問題。

Hewasstandingattheheadofthestaircase.

他站在樓梯的頂端。Whereisthehead?

廁所在哪里？（船上用語）頭她正在梳頭。一輛小車停在橋西頭。他頭天上午就來了。我們有30頭牛。這還是我頭一次來武漢。孩子們?cè)谏筋^上玩。

Sheiscombingherhair.Acarwasparkedatthewestendofthebridge.Hecameherethepreviousmorning.Wehave30(headof)cattle.ThisisthefirsttimeIcametoWuhan.Thechildrenareplayingonthetopofthehill.backAmplification(增詞法)

Definition

AmplificationinE–CTranslationAmplificationinC-ETranslation

ExercisesBACKDefinitionAmplification,alsocalledaddition,meanssupplyingnecessarywordsintranslationonthebasisofaccuratecomprehensionoftheoriginal.backI.AmplificationinE–CTranslationGenerallyspeaking,inEnglish-Chinesetranslation,amplificationcanbeemployedinthefollowing8situations:1.bysupplyingwordsomittedintheoriginalIntheevening,afterthebanquets,theconcertsandthetabletennisexhibition,hewouldworkonthedraftingofthefinalcommuniqué.晚上在參加宴會(huì)、出席音樂會(huì)、觀看乒乓球表演以后，他還得起草最后公報(bào)。Avoidusingthiscomputerinextremecold,heat,dust,orhumidity.

不要在過冷，過熱，灰塵過重，濕度過大的情況下使用電腦。

Ignoranceisthemotheroffearsaswellasofadmiration.

無知是恐懼的根源，也是崇拜的根源。2.

bysupplyingnecessaryconnectives

Heated,waterwillchangeintovapor.

水如受熱，就會(huì)汽化。3.

bysupplyingwordstoconveypluralityFlowersbloomallovertheyards.

朵朵鮮花開滿庭院。4.

bysupplyingwordsofspecificationTherehadbeentoomuchviolenceinthatregion.

那個(gè)地區(qū)發(fā)生了許多暴力事件。5.

bysupplyingwordsofgeneralizationThethesissummedupthenewachievementsmadeinelectroniccomputers,artificialsatellitesandrockets.

論文總結(jié)了電子計(jì)算機(jī)，人造衛(wèi)星和火箭三方面的新成就。6.

amplificationforrhetoricorcoherenceThistypewriterisindeedcheapandfine.

這部打字機(jī)真是價(jià)廉物美。7.

amplificationforlogicTheKODAKFichereader321Aiseasytooperate,versatile,compactandhasapleasingmoderndesign.

柯達(dá)321A型微膠片閱讀器操作簡(jiǎn)便，功能齊全，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，造型美觀。II.

AmplificationinC-ETranslation要提倡顧全大局。天氣寒冷，河水都結(jié)冰。年滿18歲的公民，都有選舉權(quán)和被選舉權(quán)。要提倡顧全大局。Weshouldadvocatethespiritoftakingthewholesituationintoconsideration.天氣寒冷，河水都結(jié)冰。Itwassocoldthattheriverfroze.年滿18歲的公民，都有選舉權(quán)和被選舉權(quán)。Allcitizenswhohavereachedtheageof18havetherighttovoteandtostandforelection.1.

amplifyingbyaddingnecessarypronouns大作收到，十分高興。

Iwasverygladtohavereceivedyourwriting.沒有調(diào)查就沒有發(fā)言權(quán)。

He

whomakesnoinvestigationhasnorighttospeak.2.amplifyingbyaddingnecessaryarticles我們對(duì)問題要做全面的分析，才能解決得妥當(dāng)。

Wemustmakea

comprehensiveanalysisofa

problembeforeitcanbeproperlysolved.3.amplifyingbyaddingnecessaryconnectives老師在等我，我得走了。

Theteacheriswaitingforme,soImustbeoffnow.留得青山在，不怕沒柴燒。

Solongasgreenhillsremain,therewillneverbeashortageoffirewood.4.

amplifyingbyaddingnecessaryprepositions你是白天工作還是夜間工作？

Doyouworkintheday-timeoratnight?該地區(qū)已沒什么城鄉(xiāng)差別。

Thereislittledifferencebetweentownandcountryinthisregion.5.

amplifyingbyaddingnecessarybackgroundwords三個(gè)臭皮匠，賽過諸葛亮。

ThreecobblerswiththeirwitscombinedequalZhugeLiangthemastermind.這真是俗話說的，“旁觀者清”。

ItisjustasProverbgoes,“Theonlookersseesthemostofthegame”backExercisesReadingmakethafullman;conferenceareadyman,andwritinganexactman.Wewon’tretreat,weneverhaveandneverwill.Oceansdonotsomuchdividetheworldasuniteit.Theirhostcarved,poured,served,cutbread,talked,laughed,proposedhealth.吃飯防噎，走路防跌。送君千里，終有一別。天氣這樣悶，十之八九要下雨。他們患得患失，拒絕接受分配給他們的任務(wù)。讀書使人充實(shí)，討論使人敏銳，寫作使人精確。我們不后退，我們從來沒有后退過，我們將來也決不會(huì)后退。海洋與其說是分隔了世界，不如說是連接了整個(gè)世界。熱情的主人又是切肉，又是倒茶，又是上菜，又是切面包，談啊，笑啊，敬酒啊，忙個(gè)不停。Whileeating,takeheedthatyoudonotchoke;whilewalking,takeheedthatyoudonotfall.Althoughyoumayescortaguestathousandmiles,yetmustthepartingcomeatlast.Withtheweathersocloseandstuffy,tentooneit’llrainpresently.Swayedbyconsiderationsofgainandloss,theyrefusedtoacceptthejobsassignedtothem.backOmission省略法

OmissioninE-Ctranslation

OmissioninC-Etranslation

ExercisesBACKI.OmissioninE-CTranslationThetime-keepingdevicesofelectronicwatchesaremuchmoreaccuratethanthoseofmechanicalones.

電子表比機(jī)械表準(zhǔn)確得多。Example:Itisconflictandnotunquestioningagreementthatkeepsfreedomalive.

自由保持活力的是沖突而不是絕對(duì)的一致。（省強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的it）

Onemustmakepainstakingeffortsbeforeonecouldsucceedinmasteringaforeignlanguage.

掌握一門外語，非下苦功夫不可。（省代詞）Asoldiermustobeyorders.

軍人必須服從命令。（省冠詞）1.

Omissionofthepronoun

Heputhishandsintohispocketandshrugged

hisshoulders.

他將雙手放進(jìn)衣袋，然后聳了聳肩。2.

OmissionoftheArticle

Anysubstanceismadeofatomswhetheritisasolid,aliquidoragas.

任何物質(zhì)，不論是固體，液體或氣體，都由原子組成。3.

OmissionoftheprepositionSmokingisprohibitedinpublicplaces.

公共場(chǎng)所，禁止吸煙。Thedifferencebetweenthetwomachinesconsistsinpower.

這兩臺(tái)機(jī)器的差別在于功率不同。4.

OmissionoftheconjunctionHelookedgloomyandtroubled.

他看上去有些憂愁不安。IfIhadknownit,Iwouldnothavejoinedinit.

早知如此，我就不參加了。5.

OmissionoftheVerbWhenthepressuregetslow,theboilingpointeslow.

氣壓低，沸點(diǎn)就低。Solidsexpandandcontractasliquidsandgasesdo.

同液體和氣體一樣，固體也能膨脹和收縮。6.

OmissionoftheImpersonalPronoun“It”O(jiān)utsideitwaspitchdarkanditwasrainingcatsanddogs.

外面一團(tuán)漆黑，大雨傾盆。Itwasnotuntilthemiddleof19thcenturythattheblastfurnacecameintouse.

直到19世紀(jì)中葉，高爐才開始使用。backII.OmissioninC–ETranslation

OmissioninC-Etranslationisgenerallyemployedinthreecircumstances:redundantwordsinoriginalChinese,suchasunnecessaryrepetitionandwordyexpressions;theoriginalmeaningthathasalreadybeenimpliedinthecontextofEnglishversion;theoriginalmeaningobviouslyshownintheEnglishversionwithoutfurtherelaboration.1.

OmissionofRedundantWords我已經(jīng)提前完成了交給我的工作，他也提前完成了交給他的工作。

Ihavefulfilledmyassignedworkaheadofschedule,sohashe.這些都是人民內(nèi)部矛盾問題。

Allthesearecontradictionsamongthepeople.多年來那個(gè)國(guó)家有嚴(yán)重的失業(yè)現(xiàn)象. Formanyyearstherehasbeenseriousunemploymentinthatcountry.2.

OmissionofMeticulousDescription花園里面是人間的樂園，有的是吃不了的大米白面，穿不完的綾羅綢緞，花不完的金銀財(cái)寶。

Thegardenwasaparadiseonearth,withmorefoodandclothesthancouldbeconsumedandmoremoneythancouldbespent.backExercisesThesedevelopingcountriescovervastterritories,passalargepopulationaboundinnaturalresources.Nevertroubleyourselfwithtroubletilltroubletroublesyou.他把事情一五一十的都給父母講了。這些新型汽車速度快，效率高、行動(dòng)靈活。這些發(fā)展中國(guó)家都地大物博，人口眾多。不要自尋麻煩。

Hetoldhisparentsthewholestoryasitexactlyhappened.Thenewlyproducedcarisfast,efficientandhandy.backConversion轉(zhuǎn)換法定義詞性轉(zhuǎn)換句法成分、語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換敘述角度、表達(dá)方式轉(zhuǎn)換ExercisesThiswatchnevervariesmorethanasecondinamonth.

這塊表一個(gè)月的誤差從不超過一秒鐘。Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.

火箭已經(jīng)用來探索宇宙。Carefulcomparisonofthemwillshowyouthedifference.

只要仔細(xì)把它們比較一下，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)不同之處。Conversion,oneofthecommonlyadoptedtranslationtechniques,meansthechangeofpartofspeech,partsofsentence,perspectives,etc.intranslation.轉(zhuǎn)換詞性、句法成分、語態(tài)、視角和表達(dá)方式等I.Definition詞性轉(zhuǎn)換——英漢翻譯Generallyspeaking,conversionofpartsofspeechinE-Ctranslationtakethefollowingforms: 1.

ConversionintoVerbs

2.ConversionintoNouns

3.ConversionintoAdjectives

4.ConversionintoAdverbs1.ConversionintoVerbsIthinkmylittlesisterisabetterteacherthanI.

我的小妹妹比我教得好。Partyofficialsworkedlonghoursonmeagerfood,incoldcaves,bydimlamps.

黨的干部每天長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作，吃的是粗茶淡飯，住的是冰冷的窯洞，點(diǎn)的是黯淡的油燈

Youareignorantofthedutiesyouundertakeinmarrying.

你完全不懂你在婚姻方面應(yīng)承擔(dān)的責(zé)任。Tips大量使用名詞、形容詞、介詞詞組等靜態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，是英語的一個(gè)重要標(biāo)志，而漢語中則大量使用動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語。因此，英翻漢時(shí)具有動(dòng)詞概念的靜態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)往往轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組2.

ConversionintoNounsSuchmaterialsarecharacterizedbygoodinsulationandhighresistancetowear.

這些材料的特點(diǎn)是：絕緣性好，耐磨性強(qiáng)。Tothem,hepersonifiedtheabsolutepower.

在他們看來，他就是絕對(duì)權(quán)利的化身。Iwishhewasblind． 我希望他是個(gè)瞎子。3.

ConversionintoAdjectivesIndependentthinkingisanabsolutenecessityinstudy.

學(xué)習(xí)中獨(dú)立思考是絕對(duì)必須的。Thisexperimentwasasuccess.

這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)很成功。Thepressureinsideequalsthepressureoutside.

內(nèi)部的壓力和外部的壓力相等。4.

ConversionintoAdverbsOnlywhenwestudytheirpropertiescanwemakebetteruseofthematerials.

只有研究這些材料的特性才能更好地利用它們。Ihavethehonortoinformyouthatyourrequestisgranted.

我榮幸地通知您，您的請(qǐng)求已得到批準(zhǔn)。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換——漢英翻譯VerbsConvertedIntoOtherPartsofSpeech徐悲鴻畫馬畫得特別好。

XuBeihong’sdrawingsofhorsesareexceptionallygood.絕對(duì)不許違反這個(gè)原則。

Noviolationofthisprinciplecanbetolerated.ConversionsBetweenOtherPartsofSpeech該廠產(chǎn)品的主要特點(diǎn)是工藝精湛，經(jīng)久耐用。

Theproductsofthisfactory

arechieflycharacterized

bytheirfineworkmanshipanddurability.采用這種新裝置可以大大降低廢品率。

Theadoptionofthisnewdevicewillgreatlycutdownthepercentageofdefectiveproducts.back句子成分、語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換1.BrusselsfelltohimonSeptember3andAntwerpthenext.他于9月3日攻克了布魯塞爾，次日又拿下安特衛(wèi)普。2.Theywereattendedfrommorningtonightbyfemalehelpers,wivesandnursesandsecretaries.從早到晚，都有妻子、護(hù)士、秘書這樣的女幫手服侍他們。3.Youcanalwaystellthesomebodiesfromthenobodiesatacocktailparty.Thesomebodiescomelate.在雞尾酒會(huì)上人們常?？梢钥闯龃笕宋锖蜔o名小卒來。那些遲到的就是大人物。（主語轉(zhuǎn)換為表語；謂語轉(zhuǎn)換為主語）4.Cheerful,efficientandwarm-hearted,theywilldoeverythingtomakeyourjourneysmoothandcomfortable.他們樂觀、能干、熱情，總是想方設(shè)法使你一路上順利舒適。（狀語轉(zhuǎn)換為謂語）Tips:英語的句法結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)固定，被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用頻率較漢語多。翻譯時(shí)不應(yīng)太拘泥于原文的句法成分，不妨考慮將原文的句法成分進(jìn)行調(diào)整轉(zhuǎn)換，或者將原文的語態(tài)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。觀察視角、表達(dá)方式的轉(zhuǎn)換1.非常感謝您的配合。

Yourcooperationwillbegreatlyappreciated.2.Apologyismissinghim.他毫無道歉之意。3.Fourscoreandsevenyearsago,ourfathersbroughtforthonthiscontinentanewnation.八十七年前，我們的先輩在這塊大陸上創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)新的國(guó)家。（計(jì)量詞轉(zhuǎn)換，變?yōu)樽g語中清楚明了的表達(dá)方式。）4.Shehasbeenawidowonlyforsixmonths.

她丈夫死了至今才不過半年。5.──按月計(jì)算有什么優(yōu)惠嗎？

──有，可以打9折。──Isthereaspecialratebythemonth?

──Yes,thereisa10%discount.

Tips:英漢語言存在思維方式和觀察視角的差別，因此在翻譯時(shí)要經(jīng)常嘗試不同的敘述角度和表達(dá)方式，不可對(duì)原文亦步亦趨。IV.ExercisesWiththepassageoftime,myadmirationforhimgrewmore.Myaudiencevariedfromtenstothousands.Thereisabigincreaseindemandforallkindsofconsumergoodsineverypartofourcountry.Thethiefmadeatremblingconfessionofhiswrongdoing.他們一不會(huì)做工，二不會(huì)種地，三不會(huì)打仗。他在講話中特別強(qiáng)調(diào)提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。Withthepassageoftime,myadmirationforhimgrewmore.

隨著時(shí)間的流逝，我對(duì)他越來越敬慕。Myaudiencevariedfromtenstothousands.

我的聽眾少則數(shù)十人，多則上千人。Thereisabigincreaseindemandforallkindsofconsumergoodsineverypartofourcountry.

目前我國(guó)各地對(duì)各種消費(fèi)品的需求已大大增加。Thethiefmadeatremblingconfessionofhiswrongdoing.

小偷顫抖著交代了自己干的壞事。他們一不會(huì)做工，二不會(huì)種地，三不會(huì)打仗。

Theydon’tknowathingaboutfactorywork,noraboutfarmwork;noraboutmilitaryaffairs.

他在講話中特別強(qiáng)調(diào)提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。

Inhisspeechhelaidspecialstressonraisingthequalityoftheproducts.backRestructuringDefinitionRearrangethewordorderSplitting

CombinationExercisesBACKI.

Definition重組法，重組包括：改變?cè)木渥映煞值呐帕许樞虿鸱郑ú鸪鲈牡膬?nèi)在意義單元并分別翻譯）合并（以譯文的語言習(xí)慣重組各分部分譯文）BACKII.

RearrangethewordorderMostoftheinformationwegotisthroughthatchannel.

我們得到的大部分消息是通過那個(gè)渠道獲得的。(Differentorderoftheattributivephrasesandclauses)Hisaddressis3621MarketStreet,Philadelphia,PA.19104,U.S.A.

他的地址是美國(guó)賓夕法利亞州費(fèi)城市場(chǎng)街3612號(hào)。郵政編碼19140。(Differentorderofthesequenceofevents)Myunclepassedawayinhospitalat2.30a.m.onSeptember12,1999.

我的伯父于1999年12月凌晨2點(diǎn)30分在醫(yī)院逝世。(differentorderoftheadverbialsoftime)Rocketresearchhasconfirmedastrangefact

whichhadalreadybeensuspected:thereisa“hightemperaturebelt”intheatmosphere,withitscenterroughlythirtymilesabovetheground.

人們?cè)缇蛻岩纱髿鈱又杏幸粋€(gè)“高溫帶”其中心在距地面大約30英里高的地方。利用火箭加以研究以后，這一奇異的事實(shí)已得到了證實(shí)。BACKIII.

Splitting將修飾多、句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的部分，尤其是長(zhǎng)句進(jìn)行拆譯，分解成兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單位，靈活處理。單詞分譯：TheAmericancommander,AdmiralNimitz,wasunderstandablyreluctanttojointhebattle.美軍司令海軍上將尼米茲怠于出戰(zhàn)，這是可以理解的。（將副詞分譯成一個(gè)小句。）ThenandtherehenamedthestartledGenerallyingwoundedonhiscotthenewCommanderinChiefoftheAirforce…

他就在當(dāng)時(shí)當(dāng)?shù)厝蚊@位躺在榻上治傷的將軍為空軍總司令，使這位將軍吃了一驚。

短語分譯：Playingitsprinciplerole,IsraelinafewdaysdestroyedmoretownsandvillagesandcommittedmoresavageactsallovertheterritoriesitinvadedthantheVandalsofoldcommittedinmanyamonth.以色列表演了它的拿手好戲，幾天之內(nèi)在其入侵的全部土地上，摧毀的城鎮(zhèn)和村莊就比古代汪達(dá)爾人在好幾個(gè)月之內(nèi)摧毀的還要多，犯下的罪行還要野蠻。（將分詞譯成一個(gè)小句）從句分譯：Itisnotsurprisingthat,whenhumidityislow,thewaterevaporatesrapidlyfromthefruit.

在大氣濕度低的情況下，水果里的水份蒸發(fā)就快，這是不足為奇的。ItwasakeendisappointmentthatIhadtopostponethevisitIhadintendedtopaytoChinainJanuary.

我原打算在今年1月訪問中國(guó)，后來我又不得不予以推遲，這使我深感失望。Tips:英語的單詞、短語、分句等，表現(xiàn)力很強(qiáng)，而且由于英語語言的“形合”特點(diǎn)，各句子成分之間有很強(qiáng)的結(jié)構(gòu)性，因此句子通常成分復(fù)雜而繁多。而漢語單句句式，以精煉、短小為美，篇章則以句子眾多為特征。因此在英翻漢時(shí)，可以對(duì)原文中難以直譯的句子成分（包括詞、詞組、分句）進(jìn)行切分，另以漢語句子譯之。相反，在漢譯英時(shí)，則多用到合并。Combination1.這時(shí)她發(fā)現(xiàn)腿上有了一個(gè)持續(xù)不消的腫塊。2）她原以為是由于工作勞累造成的。3）看醫(yī)生后才知道是一個(gè)骨瘤(bonetumor)，而且不能手術(shù)切除。4）一周后她的那條腿就截去了。Shefoundherselfminusthelegoneweekafterconsultingadoctoraboutapersistentswellingsheattributedtohardwork—itwasaninoperablebonetumor.VI.

Exercises1.Thistea–partywasgivenbyMr.Smith,seniorcorrespondentofTheTimes,London.2.Hewouldbearashmanwhoshouldventuretodefyworldpublicopinionandactarbitrarily.3.IbelievestronglythatitisintheinterestsofmycountrymenthatBritainshouldremainanactiveandenergeticmemberoftheEuropeancommunity.4.直到昨天我才知道他住院了。5.他穿過馬路時(shí)，左顧右盼，害怕撞到過路的車子上。6.我們的部隊(duì)水陸并進(jìn)，及時(shí)抵達(dá)前線。Thistea–partywasgivenbyMr.Smith,seniorcorrespondentofTheTimes,London.這個(gè)茶會(huì)是由倫敦《泰晤士報(bào)》的高級(jí)記者史密斯先生舉辦的。Hewouldbearashmanwhoshouldventuretodefyworldpublicopinionandactarbitrarily.如果有人敢于公然藐視世界公眾輿論而一意孤行，那他一定是個(gè)魯莽之徒。IbelievestronglythatitisintheinterestsofmycountrymenthatBritainshouldremainanactiveandenergeticmemberoftheEuropeancommunity.我強(qiáng)烈地認(rèn)為，英國(guó)應(yīng)該繼續(xù)是歐洲共同體中一個(gè)積極而充滿活力的成員，這是符合我國(guó)人民利益的。直到昨天我才知道他住院了。Ididn’tknowthathewashospitalizeduntilyesterday.他穿過馬路時(shí)，左顧右盼，害怕撞到過路的車子上。Whilecrossingthestreet,helookedrightandleft,afraidthathemightrunintosomepassingcar.我們的部隊(duì)水陸并進(jìn)，及時(shí)抵達(dá)前線。Ourtroopsadvancedbybothlandandwatertoarriveatthefrontintime.

Affirmativevs.Negative

NegationinE-CTranslationNegationinC-ETranslationExercises

BACKI.

NegationinE-CTranslationA.CategoriesofEnglishnegativewordsandexpressions

1)Fullnegatives:no,not,none,never,nothing,nobody,nowhere,neither,nor2)Partialnegatives:hardly,scarcely,seldom,barely,few,little,etc.3)Partialnegatives:notevery;notall,notboth,notmuch,notmany,notalways,etc.4)Wordswithnegativeimplication:fail,without,beyond,until,lest,ignorant,refuse,neglect,absence,insteadof,etc.1.

AffirmativeinE,butNegativeinCSuchachancewasdenied(to)me.

我沒有得到這樣一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。Ihavereadyourarticle.Iexpectedtomeetanolderman.

拜讀了你的大作，沒想到你這樣年輕。Itwasbeyondhispowertosignsuchacontract.

他無權(quán)簽定這個(gè)合同。Thecriminalisstillatlarge.

罪犯還未捉拿歸案。B.CasesofnegationinE-Ctranslation2.

NegativeinE,AffirmativeinCThedoubtwasstillunsolvedafterhisrepeatedexplanation.

雖經(jīng)他一再解釋，疑團(tuán)依然存在。Hecarelesslyglancedthroughthenoteandgotaway.

他馬馬虎虎地看了看那張便條就走了。Allthearticleareuntouchableinthemuseum.

博物館內(nèi)，一切展品禁止觸摸。Don’tlosetimeinpostingtheletter.

趕快把著封信寄出去。3.

DoubleNegativeforEmphasisThereisnorulethathasnoexception.

任何規(guī)則都有例外。Thereisnotanyadvantagewithoutanydisadvantage.

有一利必有一弊。Iamnotreluctanttoacceptyourproposal.

你的建議我愿意接受。Itssignificanceandimportancecanneverbeoveremphasized.

它的意義和重要性，不管怎樣強(qiáng)調(diào)也不過分。4.

RoundaboutAffirmative

Thereisanindirectwayofexpressingastrongaffirmative,andwhentranslatedintoChinese,theemotionoftheoriginalshouldbeproperlykept.Hedidn’thalflikethegirl.

他非常喜歡那姑娘。Icouldn’tfeelbetter.

我覺得身體好極了。Icouldn’tagreewithyoumore.

我太贊成你的看法了。5.

SomeTrapsinnegativestructures

1)cannot…tooYoucannotbetoocarefulinproofreading.校對(duì)時(shí)，越仔細(xì)越好。Ishallneverbeabletostresstoomuchforyourkindness.不管我怎么感謝你，都不足以報(bào)恩于萬一。2)not…becauseTheenginedidn’tstopbecausethefuelwasfinished.

引擎并不是因?yàn)槿剂虾谋M而停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的。InthatcitywehadneversuffereddiscriminationbecausewewereJews.

我們?cè)谀亲鞘袕奈匆驗(yàn)槭仟q太人而遭受到歧視。Thisversionisnotplacedfirstbecauseitissimple.

此方案并不是因?yàn)楹?jiǎn)單而放在首位的。3)all…notAllthatglittersisnotgold.

發(fā)光的不一定都是金子。Allcitiesdidnotlooklikeastheydotoday.

在過去，城市并不都像今天這樣，個(gè)個(gè)千篇一律。4)both…notButyousee