2021屆高考英語(yǔ)詞匯閱讀打卡計(jì)劃（Day 21）增強(qiáng)版

2021高考英語(yǔ)詞匯閱讀打卡計(jì)劃（Day21）

增強(qiáng)版

-：詞匯打卡復(fù)習(xí)

1：complicated/*kDmplikeitid/

adj.難懂的，復(fù)雜的

Thoughoff-puttinglycomplicatedindetail,localtaxesareinessencesimple.

雖然地稅在細(xì)節(jié)上復(fù)雜得要命，但在本質(zhì)上卻很簡(jiǎn)單。

2：literary/,lit（9）（rg）ri/

adj.文學(xué)的；書面的；精通文學(xué)的

HebegantowriteliterarycompositionsinEnglish.

他開始用英文創(chuàng)作大量的文學(xué)作品。

【常用搭配】

literaryworks/reviews文學(xué)作品/評(píng)論

3：sympathy/^iinp^Oi/

n.[U]同情；慰問(wèn)；贊同

Weexpressedoursympathyforherloss.

我們對(duì)她的損失表示了同情。

【常用搭配】

getsympathyfromsb.得到某人的同情

express/feelsympathyforsb.向某人表示體恤；對(duì)某人感到同情

insympathywith同情;贊成

【派生詞】

sympatheticadj.同情的

4：ease/i:z/

n.[U]輕松，舒適；安逸，悠閑；

v.減輕，緩和；使安心；小心緩慢地移動(dòng)

Hepassedtheexamwithease.

他輕而易舉地通過(guò)了考試。

【常用搭配】

withease熟練地；不費(fèi)力地

easeoneself使自己輕松

atease舒適；自由自在

【派生詞】

easyadj.容易的

5：mood/mu:d/

n.[C]情緒，語(yǔ)氣；心境；氣氛

Hefacedthepress,initially,inasomewhatgloomymood.

他最初面對(duì)媒體時(shí)情緒有點(diǎn)憂郁。

【常用搭配】

agood/badmood好心情；心情不好

inthemood興致勃勃

beinnomoodforsth./todosth.沒(méi)有心情做某事

6：admire

Lvt.欽佩;贊美

2.vi.欽佩;稱贊

:admirableadj.令人欽佩的；極好的；值得贊揚(yáng)的

admiresv.欣賞；羨慕（admire的第三人稱單數(shù)形式）；敬仰

greatlyadmire擊節(jié)嘆賞

secretadmirer暗戀者

admireat對(duì)…感到羨慕

admireforvt.贊賞

AdmiretheMoonlight月光慕情（鋼琴曲）

respectandadmire尊重；信任

7：advance

vt.&vi.（使）前進(jìn),（使）發(fā)展;促進(jìn)，提高，提升

vt.提出，提前，預(yù)付，貸（款項(xiàng)等）

n.前進(jìn)，發(fā)展，改進(jìn)，進(jìn)步，增長(zhǎng)，提高，借款，預(yù)付款，貸款

adj.預(yù)先的，在前的，預(yù)先做好的；預(yù)先供給的

時(shí)態(tài)：advanced,advancing,advances

名詞:advancer

近義詞：

[n.]changeoflocation,travel,transformation,transmutation,shift,suggestion,

proposition

[v.]travel,go,move,locomote,propose,suggest,advise

[adj.]early,

反義詞：

[n.]recede,fallback,retire,back

[n.]middle,late,

解析：

advance:主要用于具體的人或物，也可指科學(xué)技術(shù)和運(yùn)動(dòng)等。

progress:指按某一既定目標(biāo)前進(jìn)，取得發(fā)展，目的性很明確，強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)常和穩(wěn)定地

前進(jìn)。

proceed:側(cè)重指繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。

moveon:非正式用語(yǔ)，側(cè)重從某一停止點(diǎn)向某地前進(jìn)，但不表示前進(jìn)的目的地。

go:最常用詞，含義寬泛而不確切，依上文確定其具體意思。

8：witness

n.目擊者;證人，證詞；證據(jù)

vt.親眼看見，目擊，作證,證明，表示，說(shuō)明

時(shí)態(tài)：witnessed,witnessing,witnesses

近義詞：

[n.]perceiver,percipient,observer,beholder,speaker,talker,utterer

[v.]watch,experience,undergo,see,gothrough

解析：

look:側(cè)看“重”的動(dòng)作。

see:指看見。

watch:指用眼睛跟隨某物，以便對(duì)每一個(gè)變化、運(yùn)動(dòng)等進(jìn)行觀察。

observe:側(cè)重以客觀的態(tài)度進(jìn)行觀察。

witness:指當(dāng)場(chǎng)看見，親眼看見。

9：evolution

n.演變;進(jìn)化;發(fā)展

近義詞:

[n.]process,physicalprocess,organicprocess,biologicalprocess

反義詞：

fn.]degeneration,devolution

解析：

development:強(qiáng)調(diào)通過(guò)一系列自然過(guò)程或人工方法使某物潛在或隱藏的可能性顯露

出來(lái)，得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。

evolution:側(cè)重指事物由簡(jiǎn)到繁，由低級(jí)到高級(jí)的連續(xù)發(fā)展，強(qiáng)調(diào)變化或演變。

10：harvest

n.收獲；產(chǎn)量；結(jié)果

vt.收割；得到

vi.收割莊稼

時(shí)態(tài)：harvested,harvesting,harvests

近義詞：

[n.]output,yield,consequence,effect,outcome,result,event

[v.]gather,garner,collect,pulltogether,remove,take,takeaway

解析：

crop:普通用詞，側(cè)重指農(nóng)作物一次收割或一季的收成。

harvest:主要指農(nóng)作物或水果的收獲量，有時(shí)也指收割的行為。

yield:指生產(chǎn)物，農(nóng)作物的總產(chǎn)量。

11：infection/in^fekfn/

n.[C]感染；傳染；影響；傳染病

Exactlywhichbacteriacausetheinfectionisstillunknown.

到底是什么細(xì)菌引起的感染還不清楚。

12：staff/sta:f/

n.[C]&[U]全體職員，全體雇員，員工

Thebossisongoodtermswithhisstaff.

老板和他的員工相處得很好。

13：device/di'vais/

n.[C]裝置；儀器；手段；策略

Thereportwasadeviceusedtohideratherthanrevealproblems.

這份報(bào)告不是揭露問(wèn)題而是為掩蓋問(wèn)題而耍的花招。

【常用搭配】

mobiledevice移動(dòng)設(shè)備，移動(dòng)裝置；行動(dòng)裝置

14：majority/ma'djDriti/

n.[C]多數(shù)

Themajorityofmypatientscometomefromoutoftown.

我的多數(shù)病人來(lái)自市區(qū)外。

【常用搭配】

majorityof大多數(shù)，大部分

ina/themajority占多數(shù)

vastmajority絕大多數(shù)

15：urge/3：dj/

vt.強(qiáng)烈要求；竭力主張；敦促；力勸；

n.[C]強(qiáng)烈愿望，沖動(dòng)

Withaviewtofightingagainstcrimesonline,theauthorityhostedananti-piracyconcert

withover100popsingers,urgingfansnottobuypiratedmusicandmovies.

為了打擊網(wǎng)上犯罪，該局與100多位流行歌手一起舉辦了一場(chǎng)反盜版音樂(lè)會(huì)，敦

促歌迷不要購(gòu)買盜版音樂(lè)和電影

【常用搭配】

urgesb.todosth.敦促某人做某事

feel/haveanurge感覺(jué)/有一種沖動(dòng)

二：閱讀打卡復(fù)習(xí)

（一）

Peoplewithanimpulsivepersonalityrefertothosewhotendtodothingswithout

consideringthepossibledangersorproblemsfirst.Accordingtoanewstudybyresearchers

attheUniversityofGeorgia,suchpeoplemaybemorelikelytohavefoodaddiction.The

studyfoundthatpeopleexhibitingimpulsivebehaviorweren*tnecessarilyoverweight,but

impulsivenesswasrelatedtoadirectrelationshipwithfood,andtherefore,lesshealthy

weight.

Foodaddictionhasbeencomparedtoaddictivedruguse.Studieshavelinkedthe

dopamine（多巴胺）releasethatoccursaftertastingdeliciousfoodtothedopaminerelease

thathappenswhenpeopleconsumeotheraddictivesubstances.

Impulsivebehaviorinvolvesseveralpersonalitytraits（特點(diǎn)）.Twoofthesetraits,

knownasnegativeurgencyandlackofperseverance,wereparticularlyassociatedwithfood

addictionandhighBMI（身體質(zhì)量指數(shù)）duringthestudy.

Negativeurgencyischaracterizedbythetendencytobehaveimpulsivelywhen

experiencingnegativeemotions.Somepeoplemightdrinkalcoholortakedrugs.Forothers,

itcouldmeaneatingtofeelbetter.Lackofperseveranceiswhenapersonhasahardtime

finishinghardorboringtasks.Peoplewithalackofperseverancemighthavedifficulty

attemptingtochangeaddictiveeatingbehavior,whichcouldalsocauseobesity.

^Impulsivenessmightbeonereasonwhysomepeopleeatinanaddictivewaydespite

motivationtoloseweight,“saidDr.AshleyGearhardt,aclinicalpsychologist.Hewas

involvedindevelopingtheYaleFoodAddictionScaleinaidofthosepeople."Weare

theorizingthatiffoodaddictionisreallyathing,thenourmeasure,theYaleFoodAddiction

Scale,shouldberelatedtohelpingcontrolimpulsiveaction,nsaidGearhardt.

ClinicalpsychologistDr.JamesMacKillop,whoselabwasconductingthestudy,

believesthattherapiesusedtotreataddictivedrugbehaviorcouldhelppeoplewhosuffer

fromaddictiveeatinghabits.

“Mostoftheprogramsforweightlossatthispointfocusonthemostobviousthings,

whichareclearlydietandexercise,vMacKillopsaid."Itseemsthatmanagingstrong

desirestoeatwouldnaturallyfitinwiththeskillsapersonwouldneedtoeathealthily.”

(1)AccordingtoParagraph1,theresultoffoodaddictionis.

A.lesshealthyweightB.motivationtoloseweight

C.negativeemotionsD.takingalcoholordrugs

(2)HowdoestheauthorintroducethetwopersonalitytraitsinParagraph4?

A.Bymakingcomparisonsandconclusions.

B.Byexplainingcausesandeffects.

C.Bypresentingquestionsandanswers.

D.Bygivingdefinitionsandexamples.

(3)WhatcanbeinferredabouttheYaleFoodAddictionScalefromthetext?

A.Ithasbeensuccessfullycarriedoutamongoverweightpeople.

B.Itmighthelpsomeimpulsivepeoplewithfoodaddictiontoloseweight.

C.Itwillprovewhetherfoodaddictionisaproblemtoimpulsivepeople.

D.Itistheoreticallyapropertreatmentforaddictivefoodanddrugbehavior.

(4)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Dopaminereleasecausedbyfoodaddiction

B.Foodaddictioncomparedtodruguse

C.Impulsivepersonalitylinkedtofoodaddition

D.Foodaddictioncontributingtoobesity

參考答案：ADBC

（二）

Beinglessthanperfectlywell-dressedinabusinesssettingcanresultinafeelingof

greatdiscomfortthatmaywellrequiretreatmenttoeliminate.Andthesadtruthisthat

“clothingmismatches”onthejobcanruinthedayofthepersonwhoiswearingthe

inappropriateattire（著裝）一andthepeoplewithwhomheorshecomesincontact.

Officesvarywhenitcomestodresscodes.Somebusinesseshaveveryhighstandards

fortheiremployeesandsetstrictguidelinesforofficeattire,whileothersmaintainamore

relaxedattitude.However,itisalwaysimportanttorememberthatnomatterwhatyour

company'sattitudeisregardingwhatyouwear,youareworkinginabusinessenvironment

andyoushoulddressproperly.Certainitemsmaybemoreappropriateforeveningwearthan

forabusinessmeeting,justasshortsandaT-shirtarebettersuitedforthebeachthanforan

officeenvironment.Yourattireshouldreflectbothyourenvironmentandyourposition.A

seniorvicepresidenthasadifferentimagetomaintainthanthatofasecretaryorsales

assistant.Likeitornot,youwillbejudgedbyyourpersonalappearance.

Thisisnevermoreapparentthanondress-downdays”,whenwhatyouwearcansay

moreaboutyouthananybusinesssuitevercould.Infact,peoplewillpaymoreattentionto

whatyouwearondress-downdaysthanonabusinessprofessional”days.Thus,when

dressingin“businesscasualvclothes,trytoputsomegoodtasteintoyourwardrobe

choices,recognizethatthe“real”definitionofbusinesscasualistodressjustonenotch（等

級(jí)）downfromwhatyouwouldnormallywearofbusiness-professionalattiredays.

Remember,therearebordersbetweenyourcareerandoursociallife.Youshoulddress

onewayforplayandanotherwaywhenyoumeanbusiness.Alwaysaskyourselfwhereyou

aregoingandhowotherpeoplewillbedressedwhenyougetthere.Isthefinaldestination

theopera,thebeach,ortheoffice?Dressproperlyandyouwilldiscoverthetruthinthe

principlethatclothesmaketheman一andthewoman.Whenindoubt,alwaysmisjudgeon

thesideofdressingslightlymoretraditionallythanthesituationdemands.

(1)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Howtodressproperlyinabusinesssetting.

B.Apresidentofacompanyshoulddressdifferentlyfromasecretaryorsalesassistant.

C.Thedifferencesbetweenprofessionalandcasualdress.

D.Improperdresswillmakeapersonfeeluncomfortable.

(2)Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Every