動詞時態(tài)二（六種時態(tài)知識梳理）中考一輪總復(fù)習(xí)全寶典（原卷版）

攻略02動詞時態(tài)二（六種時態(tài)知識梳理）·模塊一現(xiàn)在完成時PresentPerfectTense·模塊二過去完成時PastPerfectTense·模塊三過去將來時PastFutureTense·模塊四現(xiàn)在完成進行時PresentPerfectProgressiveTense（了解即可）·模塊五過去完成進行時PastPerfectProgressiveTense（了解即可）·模塊六將來完成時FuturePerfectTense（了解即可）·模塊七用實踐檢驗真知模塊一模塊一現(xiàn)在完成時PresentPerfectTense結(jié)構(gòu)公式：sb.have/hasdone時間狀語：already,yet,just,sofar,never,ever,since+過去時間點,for+一段時間,inthepast/lastfewyears現(xiàn)在完成時的簡單定義：1）過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生一定的影響；2）過去發(fā)生的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。比較：Ihad10hamburgerstoday.（今天“吃”的行為已結(jié)束，10為最終結(jié)果。）Ihavehad10hamburgerstoday.（今天到目前為止吃了10個，可能很飽，也可能還不盡興。）現(xiàn)在完成時有兩個主要用法：用法含義標(biāo)志詞例句已完成動作發(fā)生在過去，但后果或影響至今仍然存在.justalready，yetYourletterhasjustbeenreceived.未完成動作開始在過去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在for…,since…Theyhavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.*Hanged,hanged絞死Hung,hung懸掛Lie躺lay,lain，lying；說謊lied,liedLay放置，下蛋l(fā)aid,laid(雷的，雷的）?Attention?你還能列出現(xiàn)在完成時的一些時間狀語嗎？recently,lately,總次數(shù)……（XXtimes）since用法結(jié)構(gòu)公式：現(xiàn)在完成時+since+一般過去式/過去的時間狀語I’veknownmybestfriendsincewewereinhighschool.瞬間動詞不能直接和for,since的完成時連用瞬間動詞變成延續(xù)動詞borrow_____keep______________buy_______have______________catchacold_haveacold_________die_________bedead___________fallasleep___beasleep___________fallill______beill______________join_______bein______________leave_______beaway____________marry______bemarried_________start_______beon______________end_______beover___________havebeenVShavegone總結(jié)：havebeento___去過_（去了已經(jīng)回來）havegoneto表示_去了（去了還沒回來）havebeenin(始終呆在一個地方)特別句型It/This+is+序數(shù)詞＋n+現(xiàn)在完成時ItisthefirsttimethatI’veseensuchawonderfulperformance.這是我第一次看到如此精彩的表演。It/thisis+最高級/thebest/theworst/themostinteresting/theonly+n.+現(xiàn)在完成時‘Getaway!’istheonlywordsthatshehaseversaidtome.女神對我說的唯一一句話是“滾開”。現(xiàn)在完成時和過去時區(qū)別總結(jié)：現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)過去動作對現(xiàn)在的影響，不與具體過去時間狀語連用；一般過去時說的是過去發(fā)生的或已經(jīng)結(jié)束了的動作，它和現(xiàn)在沒有直接關(guān)系，即使事實上和現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，說話時也不強調(diào)這種關(guān)系，而只是指出那個動作發(fā)生在過去某一時間。到目前為止總次數(shù)用現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)某一次動作用一般過去時?Attention?Yet，sofar常置于句末，already,just,ever,never等一般置于助動詞have/has之后，過去分詞之前?！镎骖}試煉★1．Aftergraduation,hiscousinwasemployedbyaninternationalpanyand_______thereeversince.A．worked B．hasworked C．hadworked D．wasworking2．ThisisthethirdtimethatI_______Beijingbutmymother_______herefortwoyears.A．visited;hasleft B．havevisited;hasbeenawayfromC．visited;hasbeenleaving D．havevisited;wasawayfrom3．—It’sselfless________thegreatmantoworkonenergyprojectsabroadundertheBeltandRoadInitiative.—That’strue.He________forPOWERCHINAsincehegraduatedfromcollegein2014.A．for;worked B．of;hasworked C．for;hasworked D．of;isworking4．Internationalsearchandrescue(救援)teamshaverushedtoTurkeytohelpforthehugeearthquakes.China________an82memberChinaSearchandRescueTeam.A．sends B．wassent C．hassent D．hasbeensent5．—Whywon’tyougotothemovieswiththemthisSunday?—BecauseI________thefilmtwice.A．watched B．havewatched C．willwatch D．waswatching6．—Emily,haveyoueverheardofQuanHongchan?—Yes,I________herpetition.SheandChenYuxiwonthefirstplaceinCanada.A．see B．willsee C．haveseen D．wasseeing7．—Greatchanges________inLiangshaninthepasttwoyears.—I’msoproudofmycountry!Insteadofjustgivingmoneytopoorpeople,Chinahastriedtoeducatepeopleandgivethemthetoolstheyneedtoshakeoffpoverty(貧困).A．weretakenplace B．havebeentakenplace C．hadtakenplace D．havetakenplace8．Sinceweenteredourschoolthreeyearsago,we________notonlyknowledgebutalsohowtobearesponsiblecitizen.A．willlearn B．a(chǎn)relearning C．havelearned D．hadlearned9．Pleaseentertheroomquietly.Thebaby________asleep.A．falls B．fell C．hasfallen D．wasfalling10．ThedocumentaryHexiCorridorisverygreat.I________ittwicesofar.A．havewatched B．watch C．willwatch D．watched模塊模塊二過去完成時PastPerfectTense結(jié)構(gòu)公式：haddone時間狀語：by+過去時間ThefamilyofDashwoodhadlongbeensettledinSussex.Theirestatewaslarge,andtheirresidencewasatNorlandPark,inthecentreoftheirproperty,where,formanygenerations,theyhadlivedinsorespectableamannerastoengagethegeneralgoodopinionoftheirsurroundingacquaintance.達什伍德家在蘇塞克斯定居，可有些年代了。家里置下一個偌大的田莊，府第就設(shè)在田莊中心的諾蘭莊園。祖祖輩輩以來，一家人一直過著體面日子，贏得了四近鄉(xiāng)鄰的交口稱譽。SenseandSensibility過去完成時用以表示到過去某一時間動作已完成或延續(xù)到某一過去時間的動作或狀態(tài)，也就是說發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。標(biāo)志性時間狀語為by+過去時間點。Hismotherhadgonetoworkbythetimehearrivedhome.如果兩個動作發(fā)生在過去有明顯的先后順序，最先發(fā)生的用過去完成時。HeaskedifMrGilbert'soperationhadbeensuccessfulandthedoctortoldhimthatithadbeen.★真題試煉★11．BythetimeIrushedintothetheater,theshow________forhalfanhour.A．hadbegun B．began C．wason D．hadbeenon12．—Howlong________you________TVbythetimeIcalledyou?—Forabouttwohours.A．had;watched B．have;watched C．did;watch13．—DidyouseeJackattheparty?—No,he________bythetimeI________there.A．wasleaving;got B．left;hadgot C．hadleft;got14．BythetimeIgottothecinema,themovie________fortenminutes.Itwashardtofindmyseat.A．hasbeenon B．hadbegun C．hadbeenon15．—Lilywaslateagainthismorning.Mr.Wangwasveryangrywithher.—Yes.Bythetimeshehurriedintotheclassroom,thebell________.A．haverang B．hadrung C．rung16．We________fourimportantexamsonEnglishbytheendoflastmonth.A．hadhad B．willhave C．havehad17．Bythetimetherescue（營救）mencametohelp,Jack________togetoutoftheburninghouse.A．managed B．hasmanaged C．hadmanaged18．It’sbadlucktoday!BythetimeIgottothetrainstation,thetrain________fortenminutes.A．hasbeenaway B．willbeaway C．hadbeenaway19．ChristoldStaciethathe_________whathewasdoingduringthevacation.A．wasjustasked B．wasjustasking C．justasked D．hadjustbeenasked20．—Youlookunhappy,whathappened?—Badluck.IplannedtogotoShenzhen,buttheplane________whenI________attheairport.A．hasleft;arrived B．hadleft;arrived C．left;arrives模塊模塊三過去將來時PastFutureTense結(jié)構(gòu)公式一：woulddo結(jié)構(gòu)公式二：was/weregoingtodo時間狀語：soon,thenextday,thenextmonth,thenextyear等表示過去預(yù)計將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，即“站在過去說將來”?！镎骖}試煉★21．Theradiosaidthatit________cloudythenextday.A．willbe B．was C．wouldbe D．a(chǎn)re22．Alicehasgonetotheclassroomandshedidn’tsay________.A．whendidsheeback B．whenwouldshebebackC．whenshecameback D．whenshewouldbeback23．ZhongNanshanoncesaidinhisspeechthatathirdvaccine(疫苗)________theCOVID19moreeffectively(有效地).A．hasprevented B．willprevent C．prevents D．wouldprevent24．—Sophia,thisisasmallgiftforyou.—Howniceofyou!Ineverthoughtyou________meagift.A．got B．wouldget C．willget D．hasgot25．—It’snearlythreeo’clock.Whyhasn’tmymothershownup?—Shecalledjustnowandpromisedshe________atthree.A．willarrive B．wouldarrive C．hasarrived D．hadarrived26．—Sophia,thisisasmallgiftforyou.

—Howniceofyou!Ineverthoughtyou__________meagift.A．got B．wouldget C．wouldgive D．gave27．—HasSandyhandedinherreport?—Notsure.Shetoldmethatshewantedtocheckitagainandshe________itinsoon.A．willhand B．handed C．wouldhand D．hashanded28．—Whenwillourdaughtereback?—Shetoldmeonthephonelastnightthatshe________inlateApril.Shemustbepackingthesedays.A．willarrive B．wouldarrive C．isarriving D．a(chǎn)rrives29．—It’salreadythreeo’clock.Whyhasn’tmyfathershownup?—Hecalledjustnowandpromisedhe__________atthree.Heshouldbehereinanyminute.A．willarrive B．hasarrived C．wouldarrive D．hadarrived30．—Whywereyoulateforthespeech?—Iwhenmyfrienddroppedby.A．left B．wasabouttoleave C．haveleft D．hadleft模塊模塊四現(xiàn)在完成進行時PresentPerfectProgressiveTense結(jié)構(gòu)公式：have/hasbeendoing時間狀語：sofar,since+現(xiàn)在時間,for+一段時間,allmorning等InmyyoungerandmorevulnerableyearsmyfathergavemesomeadvicethatI’vebeenturningover（仔細考慮）inmymindeversince.“Wheneveryoufeellikecriticizinganyone,”hetoldme,“justrememberthatallthepeopleinthisworldhaven’thadtheadvantagesthatyou’vehad.”TheGreatGatsby現(xiàn)在完成進行時是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)和進行時態(tài)的結(jié)合，既有現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的特點，也有進行時態(tài)的特點。主要表示一個持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作；表示動作的重復(fù)；表示長時間做某事；表示感情色彩?，F(xiàn)在完成進行時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在完成時可以表示一個已經(jīng)完成的動作，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時則表示一個正在進行的動作,強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性，因此有“未完成”的含義。試比較：Ihavereadthisbook.（我讀過這本書。）Ihavebeenreadingthisbook.（我一直在讀這本書）?Attention?有少數(shù)動詞(如work,study,live,teach,stay等)在表示持續(xù)一時間時用這兩種時態(tài)含義差不多(只是用現(xiàn)在完成進行進更強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性)。Howlonghaveyouworked[beenworking]here?你在這兒工作多久了？自1988年以來我就一直住在這兒。Ihavelivedhere/havebeenlivingheresince1988.現(xiàn)在完成時通常只陳述事實，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時還可表示一種感情色彩。我等了兩小時。(陳述事實)__I'vewaitedfor2hours__我等了兩個小時。(等得望穿秋水)_____Ihavebeenwaitingfor2hours.不用于進行時態(tài)的動詞通常也不用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時，但它們可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時。我認(rèn)識她剛剛兩天。__Ihavejustknownherfortwodays.他們結(jié)婚已二十年了。現(xiàn)在完成進行時不用于被動語態(tài)，但可用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)代替。這房子已漆了一個月。_這個問題已被研究了五天。Theproblemhasbeenstudiedfor5days.//Wehavebeenstudyingthisproblemfor5days.現(xiàn)在完成時&現(xiàn)在完成進行時異同現(xiàn)完現(xiàn)完進已完成√×未完成√+for/since…√（+for/since…）情感×√被動語態(tài)√×適用動詞（有since/for：不能用瞬間V）除不能用進行時的V（心理V；情感V；結(jié)果V；瞬間V……）模塊模塊五過去完成進行時PastPerfectProgressiveTense結(jié)構(gòu)公式：hadbeendoing時間狀語：by+過去時間，before+過去時間表示從過去某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到另外一個過去時間的動作，這個動作在當(dāng)時仍在進行并可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。去年他戒煙了。他抽煙已經(jīng)30年。Hequit/gaveupsmokinglastyear.Hehadbeensmokingfor30years.模塊模塊六將來完成時FuturePerfectTense結(jié)構(gòu)公式：willhavedone時間狀語：before+將來時間；by+將來時間，時間點若是從句，要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示在將來某一時間點以前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動作。Iamsurehewillhavefinishedhisworkbythetimeyouarethere.時態(tài)Summary一般進行完成完成進行現(xiàn)在work(s)is/am/areworkinghave/hasworkedhave/hasbeenworking過去workedwas/wereworkinghadworkedhadbeenworking將來will/shallworkis/am/aregoingtowork…willbeworkingwillhaveworkedwillhavebeenworking過去將來wouldworkwas/weregoingtowork…wouldbeworkingwouldhaveworkedwouldhavebeenworking根據(jù)“標(biāo)志詞”確定時態(tài)短語所對應(yīng)時態(tài)短語所對應(yīng)時態(tài)now一般現(xiàn)、現(xiàn)進howoften一般現(xiàn)、一般過atthistimeyesterday過去進行howlong現(xiàn)完、現(xiàn)完進lastyear/month一般過sincewhen現(xiàn)完bytheend/timeof+過去時間過完inthepastthreeyears現(xiàn)完bytheend/timeof+將來時間講完Watchout！現(xiàn)在進行根據(jù)語境確定時態(tài)—Excuseme,sir.Smokingisnotallowedhere.—Oh,sorryI_____B_____.A.don’tknow B.didn’tknow C.haven’tknown D.can’tknow—Yourphonenumberagain?I____A____quitecatchit.—It’s7226109.A.didn’t B.won't C.don’t D.can’t—Alice.whydidn’tyoueyesterday?—I__C_______,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.had B.would C.wasgoingto D.didMom,4plus4is9,right?Honey,I____C_____you_________wrong.A.think//were B.thought//were C.think//are D.thought//areDarling,Iamsorry.I_B__you________ingtomorrowmorning,soIdidn'tpreparedinnerforyou.A.think//were B.thought//were C.think//are D.thought//are

在英語里有些動詞與時態(tài)有著特定的對應(yīng)關(guān)系，如:see(看見)，hear(聽見)，find(找到)結(jié)果類動詞不能用進行時work表示機器不能正常運行、運轉(zhuǎn)時常用do/doesn’twork；open,close,lock表示門、窗等不能正常關(guān)、開、鎖的意思時常用won’topen/close/lock等，這時它們是以主動形式表示被動意義?！狢anIhelpyou,sir?—Yes.Iboughtthisradiohereyesterday,butit_D____. A.didn’twork B.won’twork C.can’twork D.doesn’twork窗戶打不開了，得找個人來修。Thewindowwon'topen.Ineedtofindsomeonetorepairit.//Ineedtohaveitrepaired.(havesthdone讓別人來做，但不強調(diào)是誰)綜合檢測綜合檢測用實踐檢驗真知用所給單詞的正確形式填空31．IthinkCreationofGodsIisoneofthebestmoviesI(see)thissummer.32．I(use)thispenforalongtimebutit’sstillgood.33．—That’sanicemobilephone.—Itis.I(have)itfortwomonths.34．ScientistsaretryingtofindlifeonMarsbuttheyanythingyet.(notfind)35．Well(begin)ishalfdone.36．—Haveyouever(ride)