2020高考英語考前沖刺Ⅲ專題15短文改錯(cuò)

2020高考英語考前沖刺Ⅲ專題15短文改錯(cuò)2020高考英語考前沖刺Ⅲ專題15短文改錯(cuò)2020高考英語考前沖刺Ⅲ專題15短文改錯(cuò)2020考前沖刺英語Ⅲ專題15短文改錯(cuò)【高考展望】短文改錯(cuò)題旨在觀察考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷、糾正語篇錯(cuò)誤的能力。它要求考生具備扎實(shí)的語言功底，相當(dāng)高的語言運(yùn)用能力；此題涉及到詞匯、語法、慣用法、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、行文邏輯等各個(gè)方面。但是，這類試題其實(shí)不是檢測(cè)語法知識(shí)的，而是檢測(cè)考生寫作能力中的校驗(yàn)?zāi)芰?。這類能力是進(jìn)行書面表達(dá)的必備能力，寫作的見效需要優(yōu)異的寫作程序的支持，而在寫作程序中，檢驗(yàn)?zāi)芰κ遣恍腥狈Φ囊蛩?。把短文改錯(cuò)看作語法練習(xí)是對(duì)高考中短文改錯(cuò)的誤會(huì)。一、短文改錯(cuò)題的解題步驟1.通讀全文，掌握馬虎短文改錯(cuò)不是單句改錯(cuò)，每一句的語意表達(dá)，結(jié)構(gòu)選擇是受土下文限制的。如謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的選擇，代詞的指代功能等都要依照上下文的線索進(jìn)行判斷。所以，考生應(yīng)立足:于上下文，正確理解作者企圖，掌握短文的題材、體裁、時(shí)態(tài)主線，人物和主要情節(jié)等，從整體上掌握全文。2.整句理解，逐行斟酌通讀全文，認(rèn)識(shí)文章馬虎、寫作方式以后，要認(rèn)真分析每一個(gè)完好的句子。應(yīng)把主要注與時(shí)間狀語或上下文的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致等。2.連接手段的錯(cuò)誤高考英語短文改錯(cuò)命題的一個(gè)重要方面就是觀察連接手段。連詞使用不妥會(huì)造成上下文沒法連接。英語中的詞與詞、句與句一定使用并列或隸屬連詞將其連接起來，，要判斷句與句之間的關(guān)系是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇、遞進(jìn)還是退步，從而選擇相應(yīng)的連詞。若為復(fù)合句，第一判斷屬:廠何種從句，而后依據(jù)主從句之間的關(guān)系判斷連接詞的使用能否正確或能否有遺漏或剩余的現(xiàn)象。3.平行結(jié)構(gòu)的錯(cuò)誤在表達(dá)互相平行的看法時(shí)，要使用同樣的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，即動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)，形容詞與形容詞對(duì)應(yīng)，分詞與分詞對(duì)應(yīng)，不定式與不定式對(duì)應(yīng)，短語與短語對(duì)應(yīng)。它經(jīng)常借助于并列連詞and，or，but或連詞詞組notonly...butalso...，not...but...，either...or...，neither...nor...，aswellas等。4.非謂語動(dòng)詞形式上的錯(cuò)誤主要觀察不定式符號(hào)to的剩余或遺漏；to是介詞還是不定式符號(hào)的辨識(shí)(后跟動(dòng)詞原形考生對(duì)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的掌握狀況。8.詞語搭配的錯(cuò)誤主要觀察介詞與動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配；副詞與動(dòng)詞的固定搭配；及物動(dòng)詞后多介詞或副詞以及不及物動(dòng)詞后缺乏介詞，英語中的一些固定句型及習(xí)慣搭配等。9.詞性分辨的錯(cuò)誤詞在句中的地址及與其余詞所形成的修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系決定了其正確形式，詞在句中不一樣的句法功能要求使用與之相般配的詞性。行文邏輯上的錯(cuò)誤短文改錯(cuò)中的行文邏輯錯(cuò)誤是最難改的一種錯(cuò)誤。由于要鑒別和改出某種錯(cuò)誤，考生一定細(xì)讀全文，在理解短文中心思想、掌握全文邏輯發(fā)展序次的基礎(chǔ)上，作出正確判斷。下邊，我們以典型例題試題中幾道有代表意義的短文改錯(cuò)題來分析一下這些種類的錯(cuò)誤形式。(2020優(yōu)選模擬)短文改錯(cuò)Mycarjustwouldn’tmoveanyfurther.Itwascomplete1.dead,andIwasafewmilesfarawayfromanywhereonacold2.wetnight.IdecidedwalkaroundalittlebeforeacceptingI3.havetospendthenightintheear.MaybeIcanfinda4.

’dtelephone.Actually,Ididn’thavetowalkfarbeforeI5.foundasmallhousestandingonafieldwithalight6.shonefromthesittingroom.Iknockedatthedoorand7.wasdelightingwhenapleasantoldmanopenedthe8.doorbutlistenedtomystorycarefully.Hesaidhehad9.notelephone,anditwasn’tonewithinwalkingdistance,10.butofferedtocomeandlookatmycar.去分詞做表語。9.but改為and.連接手段的錯(cuò)誤。兩個(gè)動(dòng)作之間不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。10.it改為there.一致關(guān)系的錯(cuò)誤。這里當(dāng)是表示“存在有”的therebe句型。2.(典型例題改錯(cuò))Mysisterfoundabirdontheroadside.WenamedhimJackandkeephimforaboutthreeyears.Hewouldgreetus1.inatreeoutsideourbedroom,calling“Hello”aswelayin2.bedinamorning.Healsopassed"Hello"tothecatswhen3.theycameintotheroom.Weoftenplayedatrickonhimself.4.We’dthrowacoinasfaraspossibly.Jackwouldflyaway5.andbringitbackforusthrowagain.Hewouldalsocatch6.thefoodthrowingtohimfromtheothersideoftheroomand7.singhappily.ButforthemostwonderfulthingaboutJack8.werehismusicalability.Leavinghimathomeallday,we9.wouldreturnatnighttohearthath

e’

dpickedupfromtheradiointheday.10.試題分析8.去掉for.剩余詞匯的錯(cuò)誤。依照文章的意思是表示轉(zhuǎn)折的but，而不是表示“要不是”的butfor。9.were改為was.一致關(guān)系的錯(cuò)誤。主語是表示單數(shù)意義的"thewonderfulthing".

most10.that

改為

what.

連接手段的錯(cuò)誤。賓語從句中

pickup

缺乏賓語。3.(2020優(yōu)選模擬)Notallpeopleliketoworkandeveryonelikestoplay.Allover1.theworldmenandwoman,boysandgirlsenjoysports.Since2.longago,manyadultsandchildrencalledtheirfriendstogether3.tospendhours,evendaysplaygames.Oneofthereasonspeople4.liketoplayisthatsportshelpthemtolivehappily.Inotherwords,5.theyhelptokeeppeoplestrongandfeelgood.Whenpeopleare6.playinggames,theymovealot.Thatishowsportsaregoodactivities7.fortheirhealth.Havingfunwiththeirfriendsmakethemhappy.8.Manypeopleenjoysportsbywatchingtheothersplay.InAmerican9.bigcities,thousandssellticketstowatchfootballorbasketballgames.10.試題分析10.sell改為buy．行文邏輯上的錯(cuò)誤。依據(jù)文意是“買票看球賽”。(2020優(yōu)選模擬)短文改錯(cuò)HenryRoycedidnotlikehiscar,thatranbadlyandoften1.brokedown.Sohedecidedtomakeabestcarhimself,2.andin1904heproducedhisfirstnewmodel.CharlesRolls,3.acarmaker,wasveryinterestedinRoyce’scar,butsoon4.RollsaridRoycegointobusinesstogether.Oneoftheirfirst5.modelwastheSilverGhost.In1907,aSilverGhostbrokethe6.world’srecordbydrive14,371mileswithoutbreakingdown7.once.Afterthedrive,itwascostjustover￡2toputthecar8.backintoperfectcondition.ThisisnotsurprisingthattheSilver9.Ghostwasregarded“thebestcarintheworld”.10.試題分析9.This改為It.一致關(guān)系的錯(cuò)誤。這里是形式主語it10.regarded后加as．固定搭配的錯(cuò)誤。短語regardas意為“把以為／看作”。5.短文改錯(cuò)Thereareadvantageforstudentstoworkwhile1.studyingatschool.Oneofthemwasthat2.__theycanearnmoney,forthemostpart.3.studentsworkingtoearnmoneyfortheirown4.__use.Earningtheirownmomeyallowthem5.__tospendonanythingasiftheyplease.6.__Theywouldhavetoaskthierparentsfor7.__moneyorforpermissiontodothingsby8.__themoney.Somestudentsmayalsotosave9.__upforourcollegeorfutureuse.10.__試題分析1.advantage改為advantages.名詞單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤。此處advantage表示“利益，好處”，可數(shù)名詞。6.短文改錯(cuò)DearMr.Brown,Iamwritingtothankyouwithyourkindhelp.1.Beforeyoucametoteachus,Ihadnotinterestin2.English.Mypronunciationwasterribly.Icould3.onlyspeakafewwords.Butoneandahalfyearlater.4.InowthinkEnglishfuntolearn.Igotalostfromyour5.encouragingwords.Iwillalwaysrememberwhatyou6.said,“Ifyoutryto,youcanbeNo.1!”Ihopeyou’ve7.hadpeasantjournethomeandwillcometoChina8.againsometimesinthefuture.Iwillwriteagain9.andsendyouthephotoswetaketogether.10.Yourssincerely,LiMin試題分析1.with改為for.固定用法錯(cuò)誤。thanksb.forsth為固定短語。2.not改為no.否定詞用示錯(cuò)誤。ho修飾后邊的名詞interest。3.terribly改為terrible.形容詞副詞用法錯(cuò)誤。系表結(jié)構(gòu)中當(dāng)用形容詞。4.year改為years.名詞的數(shù)與格的錯(cuò)誤。一年半是復(fù)數(shù)形式。5.Engish后加is.句子結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤。think后賓語從句中缺謂語。6.正確。7.去掉to.非謂語動(dòng)詞用法錯(cuò)誤。此處應(yīng)該省略to。8.journey前加a.冠詞用法錯(cuò)誤。journey是可數(shù)名詞。9.sometimes改為sometime.副詞用法錯(cuò)誤。Sometime表示將來的某個(gè)時(shí)候。10.take改為took.時(shí)態(tài)用法錯(cuò)誤。寄去的照片是以前照的，故用過去時(shí)。Passage1Manymanyyearsagotherehadamerchant1.答案:had改為was／livednamedAbul.Hewastherichermaninthe2.答案:richer改為richestcountry.Hehadlarge,strongboxesfilling3.答案:filling改為filledwithgold,andhisstorehouseswerefullof4.答案:正確valuegoods.Heownedlandandhousesand5.答案:value改為valuablegardens.Butthoughhewassuchrich,he6.答案:such改為sospentleastthanthepoorestbeggarinthe7.答案:least改為lesscity.Heateonlydatesandbreads,andwore8.答案:breads改為breadhisclothingforscoresofyearsbeforehebought9.答案:clothing改為clothesnewones.Hehadnotboughtnewshoessince10.thirtyyears.答案:since改為forPassage2DuringthissummerholidayItookpartinspecial1.答案:special前加asummercampwithsomeofmyclassmates.Wherewe2.答案:Where改為Theremadesomenewfriendswhowereseniorstudentsfrom3.答案:正確Canvey,atownintheThames,lyingtotheeastofLondon.4.答案:in改為onAshosts,weshowedthemaroundmanyplacesofinterests5.答案:interests改為interestinBeijing,suchthePalaceMuseum,theGreatWalland6.答案:such后加astheSummerPalaceandwetellthemaboutthechanges7.答案:tell改為toldwhichhadbeentakenplaceinBeijing.Theysaidthat8.答案:去掉beenBeijingwasquitedifferentwithwhattheyhadheardofand9.答案:with改為fromitwasasbeautifullyasCanvey.Ithinkthesummercamp10.isofgreatvalue.答案:beautifully改為beautifulPassage3MydreamisalwaystovisittoLondon,England.I1.答案:去掉第二個(gè)toimaginedLondonlikeabigcitywithsomeofthebest2.答案:1ike改為asartshowsintheworld.Thissummermydreamcometrue3.答案:come改為camewhenIspentaweekinLondon.Ilivedinahotelinthe4.答案:1ived改為stayedtheatrearea,butonthefirstdayItookseverallongwalks5.答案:but改為andthroughthecitystaringallthefamousbuildings.Because6.答案:staring后加atthereiswidevarietyofprograms,Icouldgotoadifferent7.答案:wide前加atheatereverynighttoseedifferentshows.Thebestwaswhen8.答案:正確IwenttoseeaplayingbythemostfamouswriterintheEnglish9.答案:playing改為playlanguage-Shakespeare.Thisiswasmymostlyenjoyablevacation.10.答案:mostly改為mostPassage4Duringthesummerholiday,IthinkIshoulddosomething1.答案:think改為thoughtmeaningfulinsteadtouring.SoIgotajobatafastfood2.答案:instead后加ofrestaurantandworkedthereascleaner.Iworked7hoursaday3.答案:cleaner前加aforthreeweeks.Thejobwashardandboredandseemedendless,4.答案:bored改為boringitmademesotiredthatInearlystoppedithalfway.5.答案:第一個(gè)it改為whichAfterall,Istucktoitwithdeterminations.EverydayIstarted6.答案:determinations改為determinationoffforworkearlyinthemorningandwenttohomelateinthe7.答案:去掉toevening.Finally,Ifinishedthejobafterthenewschoolterm8.答案:after改為beforebegan.Now,Iunderstandthatlabormeans.Ithinkitisreally9.答案:that改為whatasuccessfulexperience,whichisworthrememberingforever10.答案:正確Passage5Myswimmingexperienceisextremeinteresting.Therewas1.答案:extreme改為extremelyatimewhenIswamlikearock.Thiswentontooneday2.答案:to改為untilwhenIwasfishingwithafriendofmineatnearbypond.3.答案:nearby前加aIslipintoit.Ifmyfriendhadnotcometomyrescue,4.答案:slip改為slippedIwouldhavebeendrowned.Eversincethen,Ihavecome5.答案:正確toknowtheimportancesoflearningtoswim.Ididn’t6.答案:importances改為importanceattendtoanytrainingclassbutlearneditonmyown.Strange7.答案:attend改為go或去掉totosay,Ihavenodifficultyswimatallnow.Thoughmy8.答案:swim改為swimmingself-inventstyleslookawkward(拙笨的),atleasttheycan9.答案:self-invent改為self-inventedkeepmyfloating.Thinkingofthis,Iammorethansatisfied.10.答案:my改為mePassage6IwasusedtocomplainaboutmyEnglishteacherfor1.答案:去掉WasherbadEnglish.Iwasalsotiredwithherteachingmethods,2.答案:with改為ofwhichwerealwaysslowandbored.However,myattitude3.答案:bored改為boringtowardsherbegantochangeafteroneafternoon.Itwasraining4.答案:正確heavilyandIdidn’tattendtoschool.Around5:30pmIreceived5.答案:attend改為go或去掉toaphonecall.Are“youallright?”askedmyEnglishteacherinquiet6.答案:in后加avoice.Onhearinghiswords,Iwasshockedandmymindwas7.答案:his改為herfloodedwithmixedfeelings.Sheisshowingherconcernfor8.答案:is改為wasme,thoughIhadnotbeenhappilywithher!Wasshejustacting,9.答案:happily改為happyandshouldIsmoothawaymypastmisunderstandingofher?10.答案:and改為orPassage7WhenIwalkedintotheclassroom,theteacherwashandinginthetestpapers..Iwasfeelingverynervous.Ihadnotstudied1.答案:in改為outatalltheweekendasIhadthoughtitwouldbeeasytest.2.答案:easy前加anIwenttroughthetestformanytimesbutIcouldonlyanswer3.答案:去掉forthreeoutfromthetwentyquestions.Ididnotwanttofail4.答案:from改為oftheexam.Then,Iputmybookundermydesk,openingit5.答案:opening改為openandstartedlookingfortheanswer.Theteacherwasn’t6.答案:answer改為answerslookingatme,butIcopiedsomething.Suddenly,Ifeltahand7.答案:but改為and／soonmyshoulder!Theteachercaughtmecheating.Idon’t8.答案:don’t改為didn’tknowwhattosay.Luckily,theteacherdidnotpunishfor9.答案:for前加mecheatingbutinsteadgavemeasecondchance.10.__答案:正確Passage8DearLinda,Ourcitychangedalotinthepast5years.Morehighways1.答案:changed前加hashavebeenbuilt,thatmakesitveryconvenientforpeople2.答案:that改為whichtotravel.Manyhighbuildingshavebeenappeared,which3.答案:

去掉

beenaremodemandbeautiful.Astheresult,people

’

sliving4.答案:the改為aconditionshavebeengreatlyimproved.Manyfamilieshavegot5.答案:正確carsoftheirown.Andtheycanenjoythemtravelingonholidays.6.答案:them改為themselvesTheyleadarichandcolorfullife.7.

Mobilephoneandcomputers答案:phone改為Phonesareveryusualnow.Soitiseasierforpeopletokeepintouch8.答案:usual改為commonwitheachotherthanago.Moreandmoreforeigncompanieshave9.答案:ago改為beforestartedfactorieshere.LivinghereisalmostthesameasAmerica,Ithink.10.答案:America前加inBestwishes.Yourstruly,LiHuaPassage9IwonderifIcangetsomehelpofyou.Iwassocareless1.答案:or改為andhaveapairoftrousers,acap,acupandapairofshoes.7.答案:正確Ihavegotanalarmclockwithme,andapairofglass.8.答案:glass改為glasossesAndIhaveasmallradiointhecase.That’sthatI’ve9.答案:第二個(gè)that改為what或前加sal1gotinmycase.IwillbeverypleasingifIcangetitback.10.答案:pleasing改為pleasedPassage10DearTom,I’mgladtohearthatyouarecomingsoon.Ihadjust1.答案:had改為havereadanadforhousesale,whichyoumightbeinteresting2.答案:interesting改為interestedin.I’mwritingtotellyourselfaboutwhatitsays.3.答案:yourself改為youGreenSquareliesinChaoyangDistrict.Itisnextthe4.答案:next后加toGreatWallHotel,andjustonekilometerawayfromthe5.答案:正確expressway.Therearealsotheschools,restaurants,a6.答案:去掉thehospitalandashopcenteraswell.Thekitchenand7.答案:shop改為shoppingthebathroomareespecialconvenient.Hotwateris8.答案:especial改為especiallyprovidedfor24hours,butliftsworkdayandnight.9.答案:but改為andIfyouneedfurtherinformation,callin10.答案:calling改為callWithbestwishes.Yourstruly,JohnPassage11Iwillgraduateoutfromuniversitythisyear.NowI1.答案:reallyknowwhatthesaying“howtimeflies”mean.2.答案:mean改為meansIstillrememberclearlythefirstdaywhichIenteredthe3.答案:which前加on或which改為whenuniversity.Imissthedaysthathavepassed,Butinthe4.答案:in改為onotherhand,ImustconsiderwhatIshoulddoinfuture.5.答案:future前加theInmyopinion,I’dliketoworkforoneandtwo6.答案:and改為beyearsandthenIwillbeabletoseethatwhatkind7.答案:去掉thatofknowledgeIlackandamabletogobacktostudy8.答案:am改為bewithadefiniteaim.NowI’minadilemma.9.答案:正確AndIreallydonotknowwhatwayisbetter.10.__答案:what改為whichPassage12Everychildhashisowndream.Everychildhopetobe1.答案:hope改為hopesaadult.Allofthemthinkitisagoodthingtogrowup.2.答案:a改為anHowever,isittruelikewhattheyimagine?Asaboy3.答案:true改為trulywholivesinmoderntimesandinamodemcity,Ifelt4.答案:

去掉

thehugeamountsofstress.Let

’

shavetheencouragetoface10.theseworriesandtrytosolvethem.答案:encourage

改為

couragePassage13DearMr.andMrs.Smith,Iwanttothankyouagainforhavingmeinyourhomeforthesummerholidays.Ihadalwayswantedtoreturnthevillageafter1.答案:return后加tomovingawayanditisreallygreattoseemostofmyoldfriendsagain.2.答案:is改為wasItoldmother,father,sister,andallmyfriendsherethatagreat3.答案:that改為whattimeIhad.I

’

llneverforgetthesteamboatride.

Ineverknewabout4.答案:去掉aboutaridedownarivercouldbesoexcited.Ialsoenjoyedthe5.答案:go改為comeWithbestwishes.Yourstruly,TomPassage14Britishnewspapersaremuchsmalleranditsreadersareoften1.答案:its改為theirinahurry,sonewspapermenwritesofewwordsaspossible.2.答案:so改為asTheytelltheirreadersatoncewhatwashappened,where,3.答案:去掉waswhenandhowithappenedandwhatistheresult:how4.答案:is改為wasmuchpeoplewerekilled,whatdamagewasdoneandsoon.5.答案:much改為manyReaderswantthefactasfullyandaccuratelyaspossible.6.答案:正確Sonewspapermanalwayslikestogetsomeinformationfrom7.答案:newspaperman前加asomeonewhowasthere,thatcanbegivenintheperson’s8.答案:that改為whichownwords.Becausehecanuseonlyalittlewords,the9.答案:little改為fewnewspapermanmustchoosethosewordscareful,everyonemustbeeffective.10.答案:careful改為carefullyPassage15Oneafternoon,Tommywasonhiswayhomefromtheschool.1.答案:去掉theWhenhewaspassingbyMr.All’shouse,hehappenedseethicksmoke2.答案:happened后加tocomingoutofthewindow,whichmadehimfrightening.Hedidnotknow3.答案:frightening改為frightenedwhetherMr.Allwasinhishouse,buthethoughthehadtoputoff4.答案:off改為outthefireatonce.Butherantohisownhouseandinashorttimehe5.答案:But改為SoranbackintoMr.All6.

’shousewithabasinofwaterinhishand.答案:into改為toWhenhecametothewindowwherethesmokestillcomingout,7.答案:smoke后加washepouredthewaterintothehousethroughthewindow.8.答案:正確Suddenly,anangrycrycameoutofthehouse.Itis9.答案:is改為wasMr.All,hewasmakingafire,preparingforsupper.10.答案:he改為whoPassage16Inourcountrymen,woman,boysandgirlsalllook1.答案:woman改為womenforwardtospendtheSpringFestival.Itisatimewhen2.答案:spend改為spendingpeoplegettogetherandhaveafun.Eachfamilyhas3.答案:去掉aitsmemberscometotogether.Publicplacesarecrowded4.答案:去掉toofpeople.Childrenenjoythemselvesingames.When5.答案:of改為withyoutakeawalkinthestreet,youwillstruchbythe6.答案:will后加besightofexpensiveandbeautifullydecorations.Every7.答案:beaubifully改為beautifulfamilyhasit8.

’snewscrolls()stuckon對(duì)the聯(lián)door.答案:It改’s為iraAlltheseareWelcomesignsforavisitor.Whenfriends9.答案:正確meet,youwillhearthemsaywitheachother.10.答案:with改為toPassage17DearXiaohua,Itisfourdayssincemotheracceptedtheoperation.