情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣

情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣——TwohundredofthetouristsweresavedfromdangerinTaiwan,butthereststillmissing.——Ifonlythetravelagencymoremeasurestopreventsuchaccidents.A.is;hastaken B.are;hadtakenC.is;tookD.are;wouldtake——HowdoyoufindPeter?——Hebereallytoughattimeseventhoughhe’sanicepersoningeneral.A.shall B.should C.can D.mustIfnopassers-byablindeyetotheinjuredlittleYueyueinFoshanGuangdong,shealivenow.A.turned;wouldbe B.hadturned;wouldhavebeenC.turned;wouldhavebeen D.hadturned;wouldbe---Theresearchonthenewbirdfluvirusvaccineischallenginganddemanding.Whodoyouthinkcandothejob?---mystudentshaveatry?A.Shall B.Must C.WillD.May---Whydidn’tyoutellmethetruththatday---I,butyouforBeijingwhenIwenttoseeyou.A.wouldhave;leftB.would;hadbeenawayC.wouldhave;hadleftD.had;wereawayYourroomisterriblydirty;yougetitcleanedintwohours,orMumwillbeangry.A.can B.might C.shall D.may——Iamreallysurprisedthatapolicemaninhiscarhavehitseveralcommonpedestrians,killingoneandinjuringthree.——Yes,Ifoneaskfortrouble,whatcanwesay?A.would,willB.must,may C.should,must D.need,dare—Theterribleaccidentisunderinvestigation.—Actually,quickeractionthoseworkerstrappedinthemineA.mighthavesavedB.musthavesavedC.shouldhavesaved D.couldhavesaved---Iwastryingtocarryouttheplan,butIfailed.---Well,you,forwewereuncertainitwoulddo.A.needn’tdothat,infact B.needn’thavedone,ineffectC.needn’thave,inpractice D.needn’t,intimeWherevertheBeatleswent,massesoffanswelcomethemattheairportinaphenomenoncalled“Beatlemania”，somekindofmentalillness.A.should B.would C.could D.must--Aren’ttheymeetingushere?--Well,they,becausetheyweren’tathomewhenIrangafewminutesago.A.mustbe B.can’tbe C.must D.needn’tbeOurparentsandteachersoftentellusthatwebecarefulenoughnomatterwhatwedo.A.mustn’t B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.needn’t—Areyoucomingtotheparty?—I’mnotsure.Igototheconcertinstead.A.must B.might C.should DwouldIdidn’tseeherintheconferenceroomthismorning.Shehavedonethepresentationatthemeeting.A.couldn’t B.shouldn’t C.needn’t D.maynotAdvertisementshavebecomepartofoureverydaylifeandsoit’simportantthateveryoneofusourselvesaboutthemtoavoidbeingfooledbythem.A.beeducated B.educates C.educate D.istoeducateThemotherwholosthersoninsistedthatthecarelessdriverforthetrafficaccidentyesterday.A.wastoblame;happening B.betoblame;happenedC.beblamed;washappened D.wastoblame;hadhappened—I’dlovetogotothepartywithyoutonight.—Oh,I’msorry,there beapartybecauseofthecomingexam.A.mustn’t B.needn’tC.can’t D.oughtn’t—CanIpaythebillbycheck?—Sorry,Madam,butitisourmanagingrulethatpaymentbemadeincashA.shall B.may C.will D.canTheconstantriseofmeatpricerequiresthateffectivemeasuresbythegovernmentA．mustbetakenB．betaken C．willbetaken D．shouldtake—Hi,Johnson,anyideawhereSusanis?—It'sclasstime,sosheintheclassroomnow.A.canbe B.musthavebeen C.mighthavebeenD.shouldbethelocalauthoritiesputmoreattentiontothesafetyofthechildren,morethen20livesinGansuProvince.A.Should,wouldnotbeclaimed B.Had,wouldnothavebeenclaimedC.Should,wouldnotbecost D.Had,wouldnothavebeencostIfonlythecommitteethenewenvironmentalregulationsandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible!A.shouldapproveB.willapproveC.wouldapproveD.wouldhaveapproved—How’sthenewjobgoing?—Well,I’mlearningalotofnewthings,butI’dratherthedirectormesomefeedbacksoon.A.give B.willgive C.hadgiven D.gaveItoldhimnottogo,buthelisten.Look,whattroublehehascaused!A.couldn’t B.mustn’t C.wouldn’t D.shallnotEverysolidobjectreflectasound,varyingaccordingtothesizeandnatureoftheobject．A.must B.shall C.will D.shouldYoureadabookinthesun—it’lldoharmtoyoureyes.A.couldn’t B.wouldn’t C.needn’t D.mustn’t——John,howdidyourmonthlyexamgo?——IthoughtI,butinfactIwasamongthetop5%ofthestudentsA.shouldhavefailedB.couldn’thavefailedC.mighthavefailedD.needn’thavefailedThedigitalcamerainourshopisofhighquality.Iftherebesomethingwrongwithitwhileitisstillunderguarantee,wewouldrepairitourexpense.A.would;onB.might;fromC.could;withD.should;atThepriceshavebeenrisingallthetime,especiallythatofhousing.Soitishightimethegovernmentactiontosolveit.

A.takes B.hastaken C.took D.totakefired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitwouldnotbeimmediatelycutoff.A.WouldyoubeB.ShouldyoubeC.CouldyoubeD.MayyoubeIwishthatItogotoJim'sparty,forIhavetodosomeextraworktonightA.hadn'tagreedB.haven'tagreedC.wouldn'tagree D.won'tagreeElizarememberseverythingexactlyasifityesterday.A.washappeningB.happens C.hashappenedD.happenedJeremyLin,aChineseAmericanprofessionalbasketballplayer,suddenlystoppedandopenedhismouthasiftoPresidentObama.A.havingspokenB.tohavespokenC.tospeak D.speakingIshowedhimmynewdressbutItellhimhowmuchitcost.A.darednotto B.darednotC.daresnotD.doesnotdare【解題指要】情態(tài)動詞看似簡單，但用法相近又復(fù)雜多變，有時(shí)難以區(qū)分。命題者常常利用語境和句子之間意義上的細(xì)微差別來考查考生對情態(tài)動詞的理解和掌握。因此考生除了要求能夠準(zhǔn)確掌握它們的基本用法外，還要能充分利用試題所設(shè)置的語境來分析句子之間所體現(xiàn)的特殊關(guān)系。對于虛擬語氣，根據(jù)考綱的要求，主要考查情態(tài)動詞的選擇，虛擬語氣在條件句、名詞性從句、簡單句或日常交際等中的基本用法。鑒于以上情況，在備考中應(yīng)準(zhǔn)確掌握每個(gè)情態(tài)動詞的用法，注重對相近意義的情態(tài)動詞進(jìn)行比較，注重和語境結(jié)合判斷說話人的口氣，在辨析中學(xué)，在練習(xí)中體驗(yàn)、理解和掌握；其次要熟練掌握一些情態(tài)動詞的固定句式和固定用法。命題者在命題時(shí)所提供的有效信息越來越隱蔽，考查的角度也越來越靈活?！军c(diǎn)撥提升】一、概念導(dǎo)圖can,could^示能方佶志而詞j:an,tuuld,may?“—__ must;luwetn,should,nng：littn表航堂笏貪任常見1佶志而詞j:an,tuuld,may?“—__ must;luwetn,should,nng：littn表航堂笏貪任常見1者杏就I詞 ' _miLst,may, cui,Ahould^〒推測sluJl,will,would的常現(xiàn)月:話dare,neeM融悟志動詞的用法罰i包］椅志曲訶注辰真疑問句的用法與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反前愕設(shè)?與過去事賣相反的曜設(shè)在票什句中的圖就與將來事實(shí)相反的族設(shè)混合虛擬I程設(shè):M為與現(xiàn)在相反,主句與地去相反窘趴句與過去相反，主句與現(xiàn)在相反。wish后的長語從句（AWwould—do/Itad^ojue、在者同T生隊(duì)旬中的用法表示建議.，在者同T生隊(duì)旬中的用法E的有訶后的棗語、回一匡語一杖句Itissu^giested/ordered/demamde必“tlLaL-等的主語M旬中ItisnecessMjr/strange.1' ■等自勺王語從句中It'sliigh/ab^-utton.cthat■從句在其他句型 if;asdwugJiMG中中的用哉^vnuJdratluer^lSl中^vnuJdratluer^lSl中目曲狀語從句中

二、規(guī)律點(diǎn)撥1、高頻考點(diǎn)1） 情態(tài)動詞的基本用法2） 情態(tài)動詞的推測用法（對現(xiàn)在的推測；對過去的推測：情態(tài)動詞+havedone）3） 情態(tài)動詞的虛擬用法（情態(tài)動詞+havedone）2、常見情態(tài)動詞的基本用法:情態(tài)動詞用法否定式疑問式與簡答can能力（體力，智力，技能）允許或許可（口語中常用）可能性（表猜測，用于否定句或疑問句中）cannot/cannot/can’tdoCan...do...?Yes,...can.No,...can’t.couldcouldn’tdomay可以（問句中表示請求）可能，或許（表推測）祝愿（用于倒裝句中）maywelldo理應(yīng)；有足夠的理由做mightaswell最好maynotdoMay...do...?Yes,...may.No,...mustn’t/can’t.mightmightnotdoMight...do...?Yes,...mightNo,...mightnot.must必須，應(yīng)該（表主觀要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推測）非要，偏偏（語氣詞）mustnot/mustn’tdo“不許”Must...do...?Yes,...mustNo,...needn’t/don’thaveto.haveto只好，不得不（客觀的必須，有時(shí)態(tài)人稱變化）don’thavetodoDo.havetodo...?Yes,...do.No,...don’t.oughtto應(yīng)當(dāng)（表示義務(wù)責(zé)任，口語中多用shouldoughtnotto/oughtn’ttodoOught.todo...?Yes,...ought.No,...oughtn’t.shall用于一三人稱征求對方意見用于二三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威脅等eg.Youshallberewarded.shallnot/shan’tdoShall...do...?Yes,...shall.No,...shan’t.should應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該（表義務(wù)責(zé)任）竟然（語氣詞，含有驚訝、責(zé)備等意味）按理說，按理應(yīng)該（表示邏輯推測）shouldnot/shouldn’tdoShould...do...?will意愿，決心；請求，建議，用在問句中would比較委婉表示習(xí)慣、功能willnot/won’tdoWill...do...?Yes,...will.No,...won’t.wouldwouldnot/wouldn’tdodare敢（常用于否定句、疑問句和條件中）darenot/daren’tdoDare...do...?Yes,...dare.

No,...daren’t.need需要必須（常用于否定句和疑問句中）neednot/needn’tdoNeed...do...?Yes,...must.No,...needn't.usedto過去常常（現(xiàn)在已不再）usednot/usedn’ttododidn’tusetodoUsed.todo...?Yes,...used.No,...use(d)n’t.Did.usetodo...?Yes,...did.No,...didn't.3、情態(tài)動詞+havedone的用法（a）表示“與過去事實(shí)相反”，但不必帶有if的從句的用法如下:1should/oughttohavedone原本應(yīng)該......（但未做到）2shouldnot/oughtnottohavedone原本不應(yīng)該...（但做了）3couldhavedonemighthavedonewouldhavedone原本能/可能原本可能原本會4couldnothavedonemightnothavedonewouldnothavedone原本不能原本不可能原本不會5needn’thavedone原本不必做（b）表示“對過去事實(shí)之推斷”:1musthavedone肯定已經(jīng)......；當(dāng)時(shí)必然......2mayhavedone或許已經(jīng) 3can’thavedone不可能是 3、虛擬語氣類別用法if引導(dǎo)的條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反從句動詞：過去式（be用were）主句動詞：should/would/could/might+動詞原形與過去事實(shí)相反從句：had+過去分詞主句：should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞與將來事實(shí)相反從句動詞：過去式/should+動詞原形/were+不定式主句動詞：should/would/could/might+動詞原形if引導(dǎo)的條件句的倒裝如果在表示虛擬語氣的條件句中含有were、had或should，可將if省略,然后將were、had或should移至主語之前?；旌蠗l件句的虛擬語氣有時(shí)條件句的動作與主句動作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)動詞的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它們表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。其它狀語從句asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動詞用過去式或過去兀成式inorderthat/sothat引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動詞用can/could/may/might等+動詞原形賓語從句demand,suggest,order,insist后接的從句中動詞為should+動詞原形，should可省略wish后的從句中分力別用過去式，過去兀成式和could/would/might+動詞原形表示與現(xiàn)在，過去和將來情況相反主語從句在Itisnecessary/important/strangethat...,Itissuggested/demanded/ordered/requestedthat...等從句中，謂語動詞用should+動詞原形，should可省略其它句型中Itistimethat...句型中動詞用過去式或should+動詞原形，should不可省略wouldrather所接的從句中動詞用過去式（對現(xiàn)在虛擬）或者過去兀成式（對過去虛擬）ifonly句型中動詞常用過去式（對現(xiàn)在虛擬）或者過去完成式（對過去虛擬），表示強(qiáng)烈的愿望含蓄條件句的虛擬語氣（1） 用連詞otherwise>or、but等暗示前面的條件。（2） 用butfor、without等介詞短語表達(dá)條件。（3） 分詞短語表示條件?！具^關(guān)演練】—Youneedn’ttakeanumbrella.Itisn’tgoingtorain.—Well,Idon’tknow.Itdo.A.mightB.needC.wouldD.shouldHesleep,althoughhetriedto,whenhegotonsuchahuntforanideauntilhehadcaughtit.A.wouldn’tB.shouldn’t C.couldn’t D.mustn’tWhenIwasachild,IwatchTVwheneverIwantedto.A.should B.couldC.must D.needHarryisfeelinguncomfortable.Hetoomuchatthepartylastnight.A.coulddrinkB.shoulddrink C.wouldhavedrunk D.musthavedrunk—Whyareyoureyessored?Youhavesleptwelllastnight.—Yeah,Istayeduplatewritingareport.A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.won’tNoonebemoregenerous;hehasaheartofgold.A.could B.must C.dare D.need7.Sincenobodygavehimanyhelp,hehavedonetheresearchonhisown.A.canB.mustC.would D.need8.Thedooropen,nomatterhowhardshepushed.A.shouldn’tB.couldn'tC.wouldn'tD.mightn'tmyselfmore—itwasaperfectday.A.shouldn’thaveenjoyed B.needn’thaveenjoyedC.wouldn’thaveenjoyed D.couldn’thaveenjoyed10.Itbethevocabularythatcausedyoutheproblemintheexercisebecauseyouknowalotofwords.A.may B.couldn’tC.shouldD.needn’t11.Ifweatableearlier,wecouldn’tbestandinghereinaqueue.A.havebooked B.bookedC.bookD.hadbooked12.—DoyouthinkGeorgehaspassedthedrivingtest?—No.Ifso,hehiscartoourcollegeyesterday.A.woulddriveB.drove C.wouldhavedrivenD.haddrivenshouldnothavelaughedifIyouwereserious.A.thought B.wouldthinkC.hadthoughtD.havethought14.IfhehadspentmoretimepracticingspeakingEnglishbefore,heabletospeakitmuchbetternow.A.willbeB.wouldbe C.hasbeenD.wouldhavebeenEyedoctorsrecommendthatachild’sfirsteyeexamattheageofsixmonthsold.A.was B.be C.were D.is—Itrainedcatsanddogsthismorning.I7mgladwetookanumbrella.—Yeah,wewouldhavegotwetalloverifwe.A.hadn’tB.haven't C.didn't D.don'tImycousin’sbirthdaypartylastnight,butIwasnotavailable.A.wentB.hadgoneC.wouldgoD.wouldhavegoneOneofourrulesisthateverystudentwearschooluniformwhileatschool.A.might B.could C.shall D.willIgotcloseenoughtohearthemspeakingChinese,andIsaid“NiHao”justasIdoinChina.A.must B.might C.can D.shouldIfmycarmorereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.A.wasB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.wouldbeIfweadequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn’thavebeensosuccessful.A.haven’tmadeB.wouldn’tmakeC.didn’tmakeD.hadn’tmadeWethedifficultytogether,butwhydidn’tyoutellme?A.shouldfaceB.mightfaceC.couldhavefacedD.musthavefacedI’mgoingtoEuropeonvacationtogetherwithJohnifIfindthemoney.A.canB.mightC.wouldD.needIuseaclocktowakemeupbecauseatsixo'clockeachmorningthetraincomesbymyhouse.A.couldn'tB.mustn'tC.shouldn'tD.needn't25.Statisticsindicatesthatitwellbequitesometimebeforetheglobaleconomystartstorecover.A.mayB.shouldC.can D.mustTheyadvocatetheproposalwewereopposedrediscussedatthenextmeeting.A.tobeB.shouldbeC.towasD.willbeIthankyoutoomuchbecausewithoutyourhelpmysontohisdreamuniversity.A.won’t;can’tbeadmitted B.can’t;wouldn’thavebeenadmittedC.mustn’t;mightnotbeadmitted D.couldn’t;willnothavebeenadmitted—Goodmorning,sir.Youwerelookingformejustnow?一Yes.Ihaveatalkwithyou.Willyoucometomyofficenow?A.hadbetterB.wouldratherC.mayaswellD.wouldliketo tellyouhowrelievedIamtoknowthateveryoneissafebackhome.A.won’tB.can’tC.shouldn’tD.mustn’t“Thoseresponsiblefortheaccidentbepunishedwhilethosecontributingtosolvingtheproblemsberewarded,”promisedtheofficialthenandthere.A.needB.shallC.canD.may—Whyhasn’tthebabysitterturnedupyet?—Shejustcomeforsuchasmallsalary.WhatcanIdoaboutit?A.mustn’tB.won’tC.shan’tD.can’t—Whydidyouleavehimashewas?—Butwhatotherwise?Heneverlistenstome.A.couldIdoB.shouldIdoC.couldIhavedoneD.mustIhavedone—LifebeveryhardforpeoplelivinginthenorthofCanadaasitisverycoldthereinwinter.—Yes,theweathertherebeaslowas60°Cbelowzero.A.must;canB.shall;mustC.will;shouldD.can;must—Guesswhat,hehasdecidedtoenterfortomorrow’sspeechcontest!—itbepossible?Heisusuallyquiteshyandreserved.A.MustB.WouldC.ShouldD.Need01.A考查情態(tài)動詞。根據(jù)語境，此處選might表示推測，且把握不大，意為：有可能。02.C考查情態(tài)動詞。根據(jù)下文althoughhetriedto得知，他不可能入睡，故答案選C。句意：每當(dāng)他苦思冥想一個(gè)想法時(shí)，盡管他很想睡，但是睡不著，一直到想出為止。03.B考查情態(tài)動詞。此處could表示能夠。根據(jù)句意，當(dāng)我還是孩童的時(shí)候，每當(dāng)我想看電視的時(shí)候都能夠看。04.D考查情態(tài)動詞。此處musthavedone表示對過去發(fā)生事情的推測。根據(jù)句意：Harry感覺不舒服。昨晚的聚會上他肯定喝得不少。05.A考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：眼睛那么紅，昨晚不可能睡得很好。此處情態(tài)動詞can’t表示推測，意為：不可能。can’thavedone表示對過去的推測，意為：不可能已經(jīng)干某事。06.A考查情態(tài)動詞表示推測。句意：不可能有人會比他更慷慨；他有一顆善良的心。07.B考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：由于沒人幫他，因此他定是一個(gè)人做的那個(gè)調(diào)查。情態(tài)動詞must表示肯定的推測。08.C考查情態(tài)動詞。情態(tài)動詞will/would通常用來表示：意愿，習(xí)慣，功能。此處表示主語thedoor失去開的功能，老是打不開。故選C。09.D考查情態(tài)動詞。此處情態(tài)動詞否定式couldn’t與比較級搭配表示最高級。句意：我過得開心極了一真是完美的一天。B考查情態(tài)動詞。根據(jù)下文youknowalotofwords得知，在練習(xí)中不可能是詞匯造成了這個(gè)問題。couldn’t表示推測，意為：不可能。D考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)主句wecouldn’tbestanding…得知，此題為虛擬語氣，且if從句與過去事實(shí)相反，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。句意：如果我們早點(diǎn)訂桌的話，我們就不可能現(xiàn)在在這里站著排隊(duì)了。C考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)no得知，George并沒有通過駕照考試。此題是對過去情況的虛擬，ifso=ifhehadpassedthedrivingtest，因此主句應(yīng)用情態(tài)動詞+havedone。句意：如果這樣的話（George已經(jīng)通過駕照考試），他昨天就駕車來我們大學(xué)了。C考查虛擬語氣。此處為if虛擬條件句。根據(jù)主句Ishouldnothavelaughed得知，此題是對過去情況的虛擬，故從句用過去完成時(shí)。B考查錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的虛擬語氣句。此題從句時(shí)間為before，故與過去事實(shí)相反，而主句時(shí)間為now，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，則應(yīng)用情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形。B考查虛擬語氣。注意：recommend推薦，建議，后接賓語從句時(shí)應(yīng)用should+動詞原形，且should可省。A考查虛擬語氣。此題與過去事實(shí)相反，故if從句使用過去完成時(shí)。此處ifwe