英語專四-倒裝

英語專四倒裝英語專四倒裝英語專四倒裝22021/7/17通過閱讀報(bào)刊，我們能增長見識，擴(kuò)大自己的知識面。2021/7/1722021/7/173考查重點(diǎn):1.以so/neither/nor/nomore開頭的倒裝句2.以only強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語的倒裝句3.以否定詞開頭的倒裝句4.省略了if的倒裝的虛擬條件從句5.therebe存在倒裝句6.as/though引導(dǎo)的倒裝的讓步狀語從句7.as引導(dǎo)的倒裝的原因狀語從句8.so/such…that引導(dǎo)的程度/結(jié)果狀語從句9.however引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句10.以be開頭的讓步狀語從句

2021/7/174

英語最基本的語序是“主語+謂語動(dòng)詞”，這叫作正常語序或自然語序。如果謂語動(dòng)詞放到主語之前，這就是倒裝。將謂語動(dòng)詞完全移至主語之前，就形成全部倒裝；如果只是把助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語之前，這稱為部分倒裝。倒裝的原因有兩個(gè)：語法的需要和修辭的需要。英語倒裝句是歷年英語專四考試的重點(diǎn)之一。對倒裝句的考查主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面。

2021/7/175一、以so/neither/nor/nomore開頭的倒裝句

在否定句中，用nor/neither/nomore表示前面所否定的情況也適用于另一個(gè)/些人或物，說明另一主語“也不……”時(shí)，需用倒裝語序。如：Thefirstonewasn’tgoodandneitherwasthesecond.

Ididn’treadthenoticeontheblackboard,nordidhe.在肯定句中，常用“so+be/have/助動(dòng)詞+主語”的結(jié)構(gòu),說明前一句謂語表示的情況也適用于另一個(gè)/些人或物。Societyhaschangedandsohavethepeopleinit.Parkingisagreatproblemandsoisthetrafficinandaroundcities．2021/7/176如果主語和上一句的主語相同，表示同意對方的看法，意為“是的；確實(shí)如此”，這時(shí)不用倒裝：

—Johnstudiesveryhard.

—Sohedoes.2021/7/177

二、以only強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語的倒裝句

副詞only所強(qiáng)調(diào)的方式狀語、條件狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、時(shí)間狀語等位于句首時(shí)，引起部分倒裝。Onlybyseizingeveryminutecanwefinishtheworkontime．Onlythendidwerealizethatthemanwasblind.Onlyafterthreeoperationswassheabletowalkwithoutsticks．如果only修飾的詞不是作狀語而是作主語時(shí)，句子就不用倒裝。如：Onlyhismotherwasinvited．Onlysomeoftheboyspassedtheexamination．2021/7/178三、以否定詞開頭的倒裝句為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子中的否定狀語，常將其置于句首，這時(shí)一般引起部分倒裝。常見的含有否定意義的副詞、連詞或詞組有：atnotime,bynomeans,hardly

/scarcely/barely…when,few,little,never,nosooner…than,not,notuntil,nowhere,notonly…butalso,onnoaccount,rarely,seldom,under/innocircumstances等。如：SeldominallmylifehaveImetsuchadeterminedperson．Hardlyhadhefinishedwhensomeonerosetorefutehisviews．Littledoeshecareaboutwhatothersthink．

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notonly…butalso…如果連接兩個(gè)句子，則第一個(gè)句子倒裝，第二個(gè)句子不倒裝。如：Notonlyisthestoryinteresting,butalsoitsEnglishwillhelpusinwriting．如果否定詞只否定主語或副詞，就不用倒裝：Hardlyanybodybelievesthat．Notlongagoitrained．2021/7/1710四、省略了if的倒裝的虛擬條件從句

在含有were,had,should等詞的虛擬條件從句中，可把連詞if省去，把這三個(gè)詞移至句首，從而形成倒裝。如：

Wereheherenow(=Ifhewereherenow),hewouldtelluswhattodo．Hadthemanagementactedsooner,thestrikewouldn’thavehappened．Shoulditnotrain,thecropswoulddie．Weretheytoarrivebeforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty．2021/7/1711五、therebe存在倒裝句

therebe表示存在的句子，其后的名詞詞組為主語，從而形成倒裝。如：Theremustbemanyshortcomingsanderrorsinthatbook．Thereisayoungmanwaitingforyououtside．theretobe用在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞for之后；其他情況用therebeing結(jié)構(gòu)(作主語、狀語、介賓等）。

2021/7/1712六、as/though引導(dǎo)的倒裝的讓步狀語從句

在as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，位于句首的可以是形容詞、名詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞原形、-ed分詞等。在句首的如果是名詞，不要帶冠詞；但如果名詞前有形容詞修飾，則常常帶冠詞。如：GreatasNewtonwas,manyofhisideashavebeenchallengedtodayandarebeingmodifiedbytheworkofscientistsofourtime．Muchthoughhelikesher,hedoesgetannoyedwithhersometimes.Childasheis,hecanrideahorse．Tiredashewas,heworkedlateintothenight．

2021/7/1713七、as引導(dǎo)的倒裝的原因狀語從句

在as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句中，有時(shí)把表語提前。它和as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的區(qū)別，主要根據(jù)句子表達(dá)的意思來判斷。當(dāng)主句和從句表示相互對立的關(guān)系時(shí)，是讓步狀語從句；當(dāng)主句和從句表示正常的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，是原因狀語從句：Thehousewasveryquiet,isolatedasitwasonthesideofamountain．

Tiredashewas,hewenttobedearly．

Youngashewas,hewasnotequaltothetask．2021/7/1714八、so/such…that引導(dǎo)的程度/結(jié)果狀語從句

so在句首修飾形容詞或副詞表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，主句要用倒裝語序，后面接that引導(dǎo)的程度/結(jié)果狀語從句。

Soastonishendwashethathecouldscarcelycontainhimself.Soloudlydidhespeakthathewasheardupstairs.

在強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)名詞詞組的語義作用時(shí)，用作表語的代詞such也可位于句首，形成倒裝，后跟that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句：

Suchwastheforceoftheexplosionthatallthewindowswerebroken.Suchwashisanxietythathecouldn’tstoptrembling.2021/7/1715九、however引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句

however為連接副詞，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，其意義和作用相當(dāng)于nomatterhow,however后面接形容詞或副詞，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“however+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語”：

Howevertalentedamanmaybe,thecollectivewillalwaysbewiserandstronger.

Howevercolditis,shealwaysgoesswimming.2021/7/1716十、以表示“地點(diǎn)”的介詞短語開頭的倒裝句當(dāng)句首為表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語時(shí)，為了保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡，或?yàn)榱耸股舷挛你暯泳o密，常使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：

Alongthedustyroadcameagroupoftourists.Outsidetheentrancestoodtwopoliceofficerswithguns.2021/7/1717十一、以be開頭的讓步狀語從句兩種句式：一是“be+主語+or連接的兩個(gè)表語”，相當(dāng)于whether…or:

Beherichorpoor(Whetherheisrichorpoor),I’llmarryhimallthesame.

Behefriendorfoe,thelawregardedhimascriminal.

二是“be+主語+everso+形容詞”，相當(dāng)于no

matterhow:

Beachildeversoclever,ifhedoesn’tlearn,heknowsnothing.

Betheraineversoheavy,Imustgotoseeyouthisafternoon.2021/7/1718英語專業(yè)四級考試真題：1.A:Mother,youpromisedtotakemeout.B:Well,______.(2012)A.soIdidB.sodidIC.soIdoD.sodoI2.Itisgoingtobefinetomorrow.______.(2009)A.SoisitB.SoitisC.SoitdoesD.Sodoesit3.Little______aboutherownsafety,thoughsheherselfwasingreatdanger.(2009)A.shecaredB.shemaycareC.mayshecareD.didshecare2021/7/17194.______hewantedtogooutwithhisfriendsattheweekend,hehadtostaybehindtofinishhisassignment.(2008)A.MuchthoughB.MuchasC.AsmuchD.Thoughmuch5._____you_____furtherproblemswithyourprinter,contactyourdealerforadvice.(2005)A.If;hadB.Have;hadC.Should;haveD.Incase;had6.______,I’llmarryhimallthesame.(2004)A.WasherichorpoorB.WhetherrichorpoorC.WereherichorpoorD.Beherichorpoor2021/7/17207.______bothsidesaccepttheagreement______alastingpeacebeestablishedinthisregion.(2004)A.Onlyif,willB.Ifonly,wouldC.Should,willD.Unless,would8.______,healwaystrieshisbesttocompleteitontime.(1999)A.HoweverthetaskishardB.HoweverhardthetaskisC.ThoughhardthetaskisD.Thoughhardisthetask2021/7/17219.______heneededmoneyforanewcar,hedecidednottoborrowitfromthebank.(1998)A.MuchasB.MuchthoughC.AsmuchD.Thoughmuch10.Heisnotunderarrest,______anyrestrictiononhim.(1995)A.orthepolicehaveplacedB.orhavethepoliceplacedC.northepolicehaveplacedD.norhavethepoliceplaced2021/7/172211.Sobadly______inthecaraccidentthathehadtostayinhospitalforafewmonths.(1994)A.didheinjureB.injuredhimC.washeinjuredD.hewasinjured2021/7/172312.Itisnotuncommonforthere_____problemsofcommunicationbetweentheoldandtheyoung.(2007)A.being