翻譯演講稿資料

第六組演講稿李冰：200903014129甄金會：200903014102宋斌杰：200903014119Chapter1（李冰29）WordtranslationandlanguagecontextMeaningandcontextsclosely.Eachwordwhenusedinanewcontextisanewword."Nocontext,andthewordisnosense"。Becauseofwordmeaningarestronglydependentonthecontext,theimportantpositionofcontextinthetranslationdoubtaboutthat。(collocation)referstothelanguageofeachlanguageingredientinthesystemwithnowandcombination,itisanimportantpartofthelanguagecontext.Accordingtotherelationshipbetweenwordscollocationmeaningisdeterminedinthetranslationofthestagewhenthemeaningoftheauthorunderstandingfrequentlyusedtool.Wordsandthelanguageenvironmenttootherlinguisticcomponentsoftie-inrelationshipcanhelpusjokesdifferentiatesmeanings,becauseintherelationshipbetweenspecificjokes,itsmeaningstendtobecomeclear,focus.Inthecontextofrealwordsisnotloneindividual,butthatthesentenceandtheperiodofarticle,andwiderthelanguageenvironment,suchasemotionalfactorssuchassocialculture.Chapter2（甄金會02）AccordingtolinguisticcontexttoselecttranslationwordsNow，let’stalksomethingaboutaccordingtolinguisticcontexttoselecttranslationwords.Whenwewanttochooseaproperwordinasentence,wemustpaymuchattentiontothelinguisticcontextofthesentenceeventhewholetext.Thereare5aspectswhichcanhelpustochoosetherightwords：1.ContextualAnalysisandunderstandingofthemeaning(語境分析與詞義的理解)

2.ContextualAnalysisandChinesetranslationoffuzzywords(語境分析與漢語模糊詞語的翻譯)

3.SemanticAnalysisandinterpretationofmulti-meaningwords(語義分析與多義詞的解釋)

4.ContextualAnalysisandimpliedmeaningoftheexpressterms(語境分析與詞語暗含意思的明示)

5.ContextualAnalysisandtranslationofthevacancies(語境分析與空缺詞義的翻譯)Now,abouteveryaspect,Iwillsupplyanexampletohelpyoutounderstandit.Thefistone,ContextualAnalysisandunderstandingofthemeaning只有當(dāng)雙方談話投機(jī)，希望繼續(xù)交往時(shí)，才會主動掏出名片。二話不說先遞名片反倒有些勉強(qiáng)。（專八）

Onlywhentheyarebothinterestedintheirtalkanddesiretocontinuetheirfriendship,willtheyexchangetheirvisitingcards.Itwillseemsomewhatimpropertopresentone’svisitingcardbeforeanyrealconversationgetsunderway.Whenwetranslatethissentence,onthesurface,wewilltranslatetheredwordsinto“speculative，initiative,withoutaword,reluctant.”O(jiān)bviously,itisnotpropertoexpressthosewordsinthiswayaccordingtotheContextualAnalysis.When“投機(jī)”wasinvolvedinthisContextualAnalysis,itmeans“bothofthemareinterestedintheirtalk”.“二話不說”alsoisnotthemeaningofsayingnowords,itmeans“anyrealconversationgetsunderway”.About“主動”wecangetitfromthewholesentencewithouttranslateit.Thesecondone，ContextualAnalysisandChinesetranslationoffuzzywords火車行駛在一片荒無人煙的山野之中，人們一個(gè)個(gè)百無聊賴地望著窗外。

Asthetrainwasrumblingacrossadesolatemountainousarea,thepassengerslookedoutofthewindowidly.

whenwesee“人們”，mostofuswilltranslateitinto“people”withoutthinking,infact,itreferto“thepassengersinthetrain”wemustpayattentiontoit.Thethirdone,SemanticAnalysisandinterpretationofmulti-meaningwords身體好，學(xué)習(xí)好，工作好。Keepfit,studywellandworkhard.Thisthree“好”wecannottranslatealloftheminto“good”or“well”therearedifferentmeaningsofthem,sothecollocationofthemisalsodifferent.Thefourthone,ContextualAnalysisandimpliedmeaningoftheexpressterms我死了以后有我得兒子，兒子死了又有孫子，子子孫孫是沒有窮盡的。《愚公移山》

AfterIdie,mysonwillcarryonthejob；andaftermysondie,mygrandsonwillcarryonthejob;thentherewillbetheirsonsandgrandsonsandsoontotheinfinity……Thereare2waystoexpressone’smeaning,explicatureandimplicature.Inthissentence,ifweonlytranslatethesurfacemeaning,itwillbemisunderstandbythereaders.Thefifthone,ContextualAnalysisandtranslationofthevacancies錢鐘書周歲時(shí)“抓周”抓了一本書，因此得名“鐘書”WhenQianwasjustoneyearold,hewasaskedbyhisparentstochooseonethingamongothers,hepickedupabookofallthings.Thereuponhisfatherverygladlygavehimthename:Zhongshu(=booklover)“抓周”isatraditionalcultureinChina,wecannotfinditinourdictionary.Butwecanexplainitaccordingtothemeaningsofthissentence.Conclusion:how?Anyactivitiescannotbedivorcedfromthespecificlinguisticcontext，translationisabilingualevent,semantictransformationisthecore,whichfunctionistounderstandandexpresstherealmeaning,therefore,Inthetranslationprocess,weneedtostartfromtheoriginalliteralmeaningbycontextanalysis,selectionofappropriatetargetlanguagewords.

Chapter3（宋斌杰19）AndnextIwilltalkaboutchapter3:Accordingtolinguisticcontexttoeliminatetheambiguity.First,whenwetalkabouttheambiguity,wemaysaywhyithappens?Inotherwords,ithassomeconditions.(1)Semantic:becausetherearesomanymeaningsandavarietyofrelationsbetweenwords.(2)Syntactic:therearemanymulti-directionalofverbsandthemulti-levelofthestructure.(3)Pragmatics:therearevarietiesofpossiblescenarios.Sothat’swhyambiguityexists.Therearethreetypicaltypesofambiguityasfollows:VoiceambiguityLexicalambiguityGrammaticalambiguityAndnextwetalkaboutvoiceambiguity,ithastwosituations:(1)Theambiguityarisingfromthecontinuous.Forexample:Myyoungerbrotherhada[greidei].括號里的內(nèi)容可以理解為“gradeA”,又可以理解為“greyday”.(2)Sometimesthesamevoicebutdifferentmeaningscanalsoledtoambiguity.Forexample:Sevendayswithoutwatermakeoneweak.(week與weak諧音).Andthenlexicalambiguity,itduetothatawordhasdifferentmeaningsinonesentence,therefoursituations.Therehasmulti-meaningwordinonesentence.Forexample:Shedidn’ttakehistip.Inthissentence,“tip”,既可以理解為“小費(fèi)”，也可以理解為“告誡”此句中的“tosseddown”可以理解為“囫圇吞下”或者是“扔到地上”。Somesentenceshavemorethanonemulti-meaningwords.Forexample:Jacksawthelight.(本義是，杰克看見了那盞燈。轉(zhuǎn)義是，杰克明白了。)Heisasweetsalesman.(本義，他是一個(gè)糖果推銷員。轉(zhuǎn)義，他是一個(gè)和藹可親的推銷員。)Sometimesawordhastwomeaningsdiametricallyopposite.Forexample:overlook,itmeanssupervise(監(jiān)視、查看)，butitalsomeansignore,failedtosee（忽視，不看）。Thetwomeaningsareverydifferent.Forexample:Themeetinghadbeenoverlookedbythepoliceonduty.可以理解為“集會是在值班警察的監(jiān)視下進(jìn)行的”或“值班警察沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)這次集會”。Ambiguityiscausedbychangesinmeanings.Forexample:Onlysomeofthevisitorsgainedadmittanceintothecleanroom.此句中的“cleanroom”原指“干凈的房間”，但是此處取得了新意，指供制造精密零件用的無塵室。ThelastisGrammaticalambiguity.1)Theparallelstructurecausedambiguity.Forexample：Somepersonsafterconsumingalcohol,wanttofightandbecomehardtomange.意思可以是somepersonswantandbecome,也可以是wanttofightandwanttobecome.2)Omittedstructurecausedambiguity.Forexample:IlikemyroommatesaswellasNancy.此句可以理解為：likemyroommatesaswellasNancydoes或IlikeNancyandlikemyroommate.3)Negativewordscauseambiguity.Forexample:Janedoesn’tdancetopleasehermother.可以理解為，珍妮并不是為了使媽媽高興才去跳舞的。又可理解為，珍妮為了使媽媽高興而不去跳舞。Therearesomanyambiguitiesinthesentence,buthowtoeliminatetheambigu