英文版培訓(xùn)課件：HSPICE –Highlights and Introductions

12/4/2002HSPICE–Highlights

andIntroductionsTechniquesfor

SI09-17-032FeaturesUsefor

SIHSPICEfor

SI12/4/2002ParametersAltersLibrariesSyntaxbased–NOGUISelfdocumentingASCIInode

namesVoltageControlledResistorMonteCarloNodeequationbasedsourcePWLlinearbased

sourceNodalmeasurementproducemeasurement

filesAccurateTransmissionlineswithW

elementsFrequencydependanttransmissionlines

TransientIBISbuffers3Good

PracticesModularizewithsub-circuitsand/orlibraries!Circuittextshouldflowlinea

drawing.Don’tputallcaps,resistors,andtransmissionlinesrespectiveseparatesections.MostSIcircuitsarecomposedofdatagenerator,buffers,transmissionlines,packagemodels,and

connectors.HSPICEfor

SI12/4/20024Global,Local,and

PositionCircuitelementswithinasub-circuitorthemainnetlistarepositioninsensitive.Good-news/bad

newsItiseasiertofollowelementswhosecodetracesoutthecircuit.Ingeneralparametersareglobalunlesspassedintoasub-circuit.Parametersarenotpositions

insensitiveTreatdefinitionofparametersaslastreferencewinsthedefinition.Thiscanbetricktodetermineforcomplexdecks.Deckisoldterminologythatcomesform“punchcarddecks”Makethefirst8charactersoflibrarynames

uniqueMostHSPICEiscaseinsensitive.Theexceptionislibrariesandfilenamesthatareenclosedinsingle

quotesHSPICEfor

SI12/4/20025TopLevel

ProgramFirststepistodrawassimulationblockdiagram.ThefollowingslidesarealearnbyexamplemethodWewillreviewsomecommonHSPICEelementsusedforsignal

integrityPrinted

WiringBoardBuffersReceiverData

generatorpackagepackageHSPICEfor

SI12/4/20026StructureI–Wewillusethisonefor

nowProducesset

oftr0files,

etc.LibrariesLibrariesLibrariesParametersAndinstantiationsSSuubbcicricrucuitistsSubcircuitsMainNetlistAltersTrTarnasnmsmisissisoinonTrLaiLnisenme

issionHSPICEfor

SI12/4/2002RRLCLCGLGfiinlfeeileRLCG

fileWe’lluseaneattrickand

keepallthisinone

file.Largeprogramsmayuse

manyfiles7Structure

IIProducestr0,

tr1,tr2,… files

etc.ParametersSetInstantiationSetParametersSetInstantiationSetMain

NetlistParametersSetInstantiationSetMain

NetlistMMaaininNNeetltislitstParametersSetInstantiationSetSSuubbcicricrucuitistsSubcircuitsTrTarnasnmsmisissisoinonTrLaiLnisenme

issionHSPICEfor

SI12/4/2002RRLCLCGLGfiinlfeeileRLCG

fileEachSimulationcaseisa

differentcataloged

file8Structure

IIIParametersAndinstantiationsLibrariesLibrariesLibrariesSSuubbcicricrucuitistsSubcircuitsMainNetlistSweepparametersTrTarnasnmsmisissisoinonTrLaiLnisenme

issionHSPICEfor

SI12/4/2002RRLCLCGLGfiinlfeeileRLCG

fileProducessingletr0file,etc.

butmutliplewaveformsperfile9Runningthe

netlistClickingonsimulatewillcreatethefollowing

filesTransientanalysisnodalfile–

testckt.tr0ThisiswherethewaveformdataisMeasurementresultsfile–testckt.mt0Listfile–

testckt.lisEditthistodebug

errorsInitialconditionsfile–

testckt.in0Sub-circuitcrossreferencelist–testckt.pa0Outputstatusfile–

testckt.st0HSPICEfor

SI12/4/200210Data

Generator.LIB 'pulse'.SUBCKT DATAS

bit1bit2 datarate=-1V1bit10PULSE0v1v0n0.5n0.5n'datarate-0.5n''2*datarate'V2bit20PULSE0v1v0n0.5n0.5n'datarate-0.5n'

'2*datarate'.ENDS.ENDLBit1andBit2aredatastreamoutputsforthis

sub-circuit“datarate”ispassedfromthecall

siteNotethatasubcircuitisanalogoustoasoftwaresubroutine”datarate”issetto“-1”toforceanerroriftheparameterwasnotpassed.Thispulsegeneratorexampleproducesa1VAggressorandvictimw/500psrise/fall

time.Thepulsewidthis“datarate”adjustedbytherisetime.Theperiodis

2*datarateThisspecialcaseuses0vand1vasabitstreamwhichhasadvantagesthatwewilllearnlaterinbehavioral

modeling.HSPICEfor

SI12/4/200211Parameterized

GeneratorHSPICEfor

SI12/4/2002.LIB 'pulse'.SUBCKT DATAS bit1 bit2 datarate=-1V1bit10PULSE0v1v0ntrtr'datarate-tr''2*datarate'V2bit20PULSE0v1v0ntrtr'datarate-tr'

'2*datarate'.ENDS.ENDLWecanreplacethe0.5nentrieswithaparametercalledtr.(equal

rise/fall)Wecansetthisparameterinthemainnetlistasfollows:.PARAM

tr=0.5nNoticethedifferencebetweenthetwoparameterstranddatarate12SquareWavein

Previous0Vdatarate0.5nsThisishowthe

pulsesourcefunctiondefines

pwHSPICEfor

SI12/4/2002Source’s0.5nspulse

widthdatarate2*datarate1V13PieceWiseLinear

Sourcebit1,

tr*1bit1,

UI*1bit3,UI*2-trbit2,UI*2HSPICEfor

SI12/4/2002bit2,UI*1-trVol,

0S*rise/falltime=

tr14AssignmentHSPICEfor

SI12/4/2002CreatesamedriverwithaPWLsourceandwithdatapattern

“101100110”.Assumeallparameterexceptdatarateare

globalParameterizebitsasbit0,bit1,

bit2…Parameterforriseandfalltimewithasignalparameter

TrWriteseparatecodeforparameterstatementsinthemain

netlist.15Driver

Sub-circuit.LIB 'driver'HSPICEfor

SI12/4/2002.SUBCKT MYBUFEdrive

out1

Vssin out Vssin 0

VOL='(Voh-Vol)*V(in)+Vol‘Routout1out

50CoutoutVss

1p.ENDS.ENDLThisexamplejustusesthebitsonnode“in”andcreatesanoutputvoltagewithVolandVolonenode

“out”.VolandVohareglobalinthiscasebecausetheywerenot

passedThisexampleusesaequationcontrolledvoltagesource.Thisaverypowerful

feature.Theequationisenclosedinquotesmuchthesamewhyaparameterequation

is.ThisentiresubcircuitcanbereplacedatalatertimewithatransistorbasedbuffermodeloranIBIS

model.Thesourceimpedanceinthiscaseis50ohmswithapFacrosstheoutputterminal

“out”16Parameterize

Driver'driver‘MYBUF

in.LIB.SUBCKTEdriveRoutout1out1out VssVss VOL='(Voh-Vol)*V(in)+Vol‘out Tx_rtermVss Tx_ctermCout out1Rininvss

1G.ENDS.ENDLChangethesourceterminationsintoparameters:Tx_rtermand

Rx_ctermAsagoodpracticeplaceahiimpedanceDC

pathacrossinput.Thiscanavoidtransient

errors.Wecansetthisparameterinthemainnetlistasfollows:.PARAM Tx_rterm=50

Tx_Cterm=1pFHSPICEfor

SI12/4/200217Package

Sub-circuitHSPICEfor

SI12/4/2002.LIB.SUBCKT'LC_pack'PKGin1 in2 out1out2 VssL1 in1 out1L2 in2 out2L21n1n0.2K1 L1.ENDS.ENDLThisisasimplepackagethatusesacoupledinductor

circuit.Oftenthissubcircuitismorecomplexandderivefromtoolslike

Ansoft18Coupled

Inductorsout2out1in2in1L1KL12L1

L2WhereL12isthemutualinductancebetweeninductorL1andL2L2HSPICEfor

SI12/4/200219Printedwiringboard

modelingHSPICEfor

SI12/4/2002in2out1'easy_lines‘BRD

in1in1 in2RLGCFILE=Vss out1 out2‘s5_z068.9_z0d108.8'out2 VssVssN=2L=0.1.LIB.SUBCKTWline1+.ENDS.ENDLBoardetchescanbeaccuratelymodeledwith

W-elements.ForthatcaseweusecoupledtransmissionlinesfortheboardtracesThefile‘s5_z068.9_z0d108.8.rlc’containsthetransmissionlinecharacteristics.ThisdatamaybecreatedwithinternalHSPICE2-Dfieldsolveroranyother2-Dfieldsolversuchas

Ansoft.Thesymbol“+”isacontinuation

line.Oftenthissubcircuitcanbecomequitesubstantialcontainingmanytransmissionlinesandboardfeaturesmodeledaspassiveelements.20W-element:Model

ReferenceHSPICEfor

SI12/4/2002.LIB.SUBCKTin2out1'easy_lines‘BRD

in1in1 in2Vss out1

out2RLGCMODEL='s5_z068.9_z0d108.8

'out2 VssVssN=2L=.1Wline1+.ENDS.ENDLAdditionallyamodelstatementcanbeusedtospecifyRLGCdata.21TransmissionLine

W-ElementWline1 in1 in2 Vss out1 out2 Vss+

RLGCMODEL=‘s5_z068.9_z0d108.8‘N=2 L=0.1in1in2Vssout1out2VssThegeneralsyntaxsupportanynumberofinput

andequalnumberofoutput

port.Thislengthinthisexampleis

0.1TheunitsaretheoftenassumedtobemeterbutactuallyaretheperlengthunitsoftheRLCG

model.Theinternalfieldsolverproducesunitsin

metersHSPICEfor

SI12/4/200222Creatingafield

solutionCreateafilethatinvokesthetargettransmission

lines.Inthisfilealsospecify:FieldsolveroptionsMaterialsStackupThedielectricandpower/groundconductorplanesandwichofa

PWBTracegeometriesshapesTheamodelsthatincludethe

aboveHSPICEfor

SI12/4/200223CoupleStripLineExample

(twolines.sp)tg

wefh

t

r,tan

s btg.TitleFieldSolverW2+1

2 0 ab

0HSPICEfor

SI12/4/2002+

Fsmodel=s5_z068.9_z0d108.8s5N=2L=1

DELAYOPT=1w5t0.5Tg1ef0.51.27E-051.27E-05

2.54E-031.270E-04b0.5er

tand

u3.90

.02

1conduct.4.2E+07*milsmilsconvertedto

meters*milsmilsconvertedto

meter5.207E-041.27E-04h102.54E-0424Usingthe

Solver.TitleFieldSolverW2+1

2 0 ab

0+

Fsmodel=s5_z068.9_z0d108.8st0.5Tg11.27E-05

2.54E-03er

tand

u3.90

.02

1conduct.4.2E+07*milsmilsconvertedto

meters*milsmilsconvertedto

meter51.270E-04b0.55.207E-04w ef5 0.51.27E-04 1.27E-05h102.54E-04Firstlineshouldbecommentortitleelseitgets

ignoredInvokingtheWelementwillcause

thefieldsolvertorun,ifthe

FSMODELparameteris

specifiedN=2L=1

DELAYOPT=1(cont’donnextpage)Oftenthisisdoneoutsidethemainnetlisttoinsuresolutionquality.ThenaRLGCMODELorRLGCFILEstatementwouldbeusedhere

insteadHSPICEfor

SI12/4/200225FieldSolverOption

Statement.FSoptions brd_opt2 ACCURACY=HIGHGRIDFACTOR=

1+ComputeRo=yesComputeRs=yesComputeGo=yesComputeGd=yes

PRINTDATA=yes*brd_dielct2brd_cu2DIELECTRICMETALER=3.9,LOSSTANGENT=0.019CONDUCTIVITY=42000000.MATERIAL.MATERIAL*.LAYERSTACKbrd_ssl_stk2brd_cu2,1.2700E-05)+LAYER=(+LAYER=(+LAYER=(brd_dielct2brd_cu2,5.2070E-04),1.2700E-05)Thisstatementisgoodstarttosetup

options.Inthiscasetheoptionsarecalled

brd_opt2Theboardismaterial

“brd_dielect2”Theconductormaterialis

“brd_cu2”Noticethatthetracesarenotspecified

here.Thestackupactuallystartsatthebottomandworksup.Eachlayerthicknessis

specified.HSPICEfor

SI12/4/200226Materialand

Shapes.MATERIAL.MATERIALbrd_dielct2brd_cu2ER=3.9,LOSSTANGENT=0.019CONDUCTIVITY=42000000.SHAPE brd_trap1

POLYGONDIELECTRICMETALVERTEX

=+(0

0

1.2700E-051.2700E-041.1430E-041.2700E-041.2700E-040

)1.27E-05

1.27E-041.143E-04

1.27E-041.27E-04

00 0originNextspecifythepropertiesofthedielectricsandmetalThenspecifythe

shape.Afirstpassguessoftenusesrectanglefor

trace.Inthisexampleweusea

trapezoidHSPICEfor

SI12/4/200227TheModel

statement.MODEL s5_z068.9_z0d108.8+W MODELTYPE=FieldSolver,

LAYERSTACK=brd_ssl_stk2FSoptions=brd_opt2+CONDUCTOR=(SHAPE=brd_trap2

MATERIAL=brd_cu2+ ORIGIN=( 6.3500E-05,2.6670E-04)+CONDUCTOR=(SHAPE=brd_trap2

MATERIAL=brd_cu2+ ORIGIN=(-1.9050E-04,

2.6670E-04)+RLGCfile=s5_z068.9_z0d108.8.rlc.ENDHerethefieldsolvercallsoutwhatwasspecified.brd_ssl_stk2brd_opt2brd_cu2brd_trap2HSPICEfor

SI12/4/200228Placingthe

Shapestg

1.27E-04efhbt1.27E-031.27E-035.2070E-042.6670E-04-1.9050E-041.27E-046.35E-051.270E-0stgTheoriginforthesolutionisatthebottomofthestackupThepositioningofthetrapezoidswiththestackupareinrelationtotheshape

origin2.54E-030,0HSPICEfor

SI12/4/200229TheRLCG

Model.MODELs5_z068.9_z0d108.8WMODELTYPE=RLGC,

N=2+Lo=4.460644e-007+ 9.544025e-0084.460644e-007+Co=1.019475e-010+ -2.181277e-011

1.019475e-010+Ro=

1.637366e+001+ 0.000000e+000

1.637366e+001+Go=

0.000000e+000+ 0.000000e+000

0.000000e+000+Rs=

2.056598e-003+ 9.268906e-005

2.056651e-003+Gd=

1.217055e-011

10

11

2.181277

10

101.019475

10

1.019475

10

2.181277

10

11

+ -2.604020e-012

1.217055e-011.ENDSOnlyhalfofthediagonalandthelowerhalfofthematrixisspecifiedDefaultunitsareH/m,F/m,

/m,S/m,

/(m*srqt(Hz),S/(m*Hz)

respectivelyAlternativelyH/in,F/in,

/in,S/in,

/(in*srqt(Hz),S/(in*Hz)canbeusedifLunitsaretobespecifiedin

inches.AmoredetaileddescriptioncanbefoundintheHSPICEtransmissionline

chapterHSPICEfor

SI12/4/200230TlineissuesforSI

engineersValidationoftransmissionline

modelsComparisonto

equations.MostequationareonlyaccuratetoafewohmsandhavearelimitedtoonlycertainratiosoftracegeometryDifferentialimpedanceequationsarenotreadily

available.Toolstocompareto

measurementVectorNetworkAnalyzerTimeDomain

RefectometryHSPICEfor

SI12/4/200231ReceiverHSPICEfor

SI12/4/2002'receiver'in Vss450.5pf.LIB.SUBCKT RCVRin in VssCin in Vss.ENDS.ENDLThistoocouldbemorecomplicatedtransistororIBIS

circuit.Inthiscasewestartwith45ohmstogroundwitha0.5pFshuntacrosstheload.32Themainnetlist–Top

HalfThelibrarieswillgoattheendforthis

exampleInfactalloftheabovestatementsarepositionindependentalthoughparameterusageispositionsensitive.Becarefulifparameteraresetinlibraries.Thiscaneffecttheorderofparameter

processing.Thelibrariesarenormallyintheanotherfile.Thisexampleisnotstandardpracticebutitisconvenientforcollaboratingon

issues.TheglobalparameterforthebitintervalUIissetto10

nanoseconds.Twomoreglobalparametersareusedforbuffervoltagecontrol,Voland

Voh.ThetransientstatementtellsHspicetostartatransientanalysiswhenthe“.end”statementisprocessed.Inthiscasethetimestepintervalis10psandwillstopat20

ns.HSPICEfor

SI12/4/200233Helpfulhintstoresolvetimestep

errorsVoltagetransitionsthataretoofastConsiderslowertransition

timeUn-initializedreactivecomponentscancaseinstantaneousspikesthatcreateveryfasttransitionsbefore

setting.Considersetting“IC”(initialcondition.)Capacitorsandinductorsthataretoo

smallConsidereliminatingor

combiningConsiderputtingshuntresistoracross

deviceFloatingreferencesornodescancausetimestep

errors.DCpathcan’tbedeterminedifswitchesorcontrolledsourcesareusedandmaybeconsideredfloatingattime

t=0Providehighresistanceshuntstonode

0Transmissionlinesthataretoo

short.Considerreplacingwith

LCSwitchescancause

spikes.Usevoltagecontrolledresistortosoftenopenandcloseresistanceasfunctionoftime.(moreonthis

later)Smallmutual“k”

elements.Considerelimiatingsamek

elements.HSPICEfor

SI12/4/200234MainNetList FlowsLikea

Circuit“$”isacommentaftercolumn

1“*”incolumn1commentsthat

lineIfan.optionprobecontrolstatementisusedonthenodesdata_vandpkg2_vwillbestoredinthetr0

file.HSPICEfor

SI12/4/200235AssignmentTakethepreviousHSPICEexampleanddrawa

circuitschematic.ProducethelastpictureinAvanWaves(if

available)LookupandreadallchaptersintheHSPICEmanual

on:SubcircuitsLibrariesEsourceCoupled

inductorW-elementsNoticethisparttotheassignmentislooserthatmostacademicreadingassignments.Inbusinessdata-miningisarequiredskill.Alsolookupanyelementwecoverthatyoudonotunderstand.HSPICEfor

SI12/4/200236Alookatresultsin

AvanWavesDoubleclickhereto

showsub-circuithierarchy.Doubleclickhereto

showdisplay

waveNoticetheoutputis~.6v…

why?HSPICEfor

SI12/4/200237MeasurementThereisamanualcontainanextensivelistofmeasurementsthatcanbe

made.Inthiscasewearemakingameasurementcalled“flight_time_v”and

“flight_time_a”Thetriggerforthebeginningofthemeasurementis

at0.5Vonthefirstrisingonnodedata_v(and

data_a.)Thecompletionofthemeasurementiswhenthefirstrisingedgeonnodepkg2_v(andpkg2_a)reaches0.5

V.TDparametermeanstimedelaybeforethemeasurementstartsandis0sinthis

example.HSPICEfor

SI12/4/200238MT0

fileThisresultantMT0

fileThesecondlineisthe

titleThethirdlineandallthelinesthatfollowuptothe“alter#”parametersaretheparameters

names.Thefollowinglinesarethe

correspondingmeasurement

valuesForthiscasethemeasurementfortheparameters“flight_time_v”and“flight_time_a”arethe955.9

ps.HSPICEfor

SI12/4/200239Monte

Carlo AnalysisHSPICEfor

SI12/4/2002.TITLE SignalintegrityTraining

deckparameter

variations.paramrx_rterm1=AGAUSS(50,10,

3)rx_cterm1=AGAUSS(1pf,.8pf,

3).paramrx_rterm=rx_rterm1

rx_cterm=rx_cterm1.paramtx_rterm1=GAUSS(45,0.1,

3)tx_cterm1=GAUSS(.5pf,0.1,

3).paramtx_rterm=tx_rterm1

tx_cterm=tx_cterm1.parampkg_coulping1=GAUSS(.2,.5,

3).param

pkg_coulping=pkg_coulping1.paramtr1=AGAUSS(.5ns,.45ns,

3).param

tr=tr1Noticeweuseadummyvariable(suffixedwith

1).ThisisbecauseeverytimeaforexampleRx_term1isuseditwillgetanewvalue.Byassigningitadummyvariableatthebeginningofasweepthevaluewillbesetforthatentiresweep.Elseeachtimethevariableisusedanewvaluewillbe

assigned.40InvokingaMonteCarlo

SweepThe.TRANstatementisnewsyntaxaddedtoit“SWEEPMONTE=5000”Thiswillcause5000sweepstobecreatedinthetr0

file.Optionprobestatementwasaddedsothatonlynodeannotatedwiththe.probestatementwillbestoredsince5000sweepswillcreateaverylargetr0

file.HSPICEfor

SI12/4/200241Afewchangesaddedtothe

endThe“.PROBE”statementisusedinconjunctionwiththe.OPTIONPROBEstatementsoonlynodedata_vandpkg2_varereported.Onlyonemeasurementisusedandthethresholdwasloweredto250mvHSPICEfor

SI12/4/200242The“Sweep”MTO

fileNoteeachsweepentrycontainsthevaluesthatwereassignedtotheMonteCarlo

parametersAVBAorperlscriptisnormallyused(andrequired)toconvertintoaspreadsheet

formatHSPICEfor

SI12/4/200243ViewingMonteCarloina

Spreadsheetofthe

resultsthestatisticssection.Awindowwillpop

up.Step1:createspreadsheetwithresult

columnStep2:createcellswiththemin,max,mean(average),andstandard

deviationStep4:Onanewsheetcreateacolumnthatcontainsanumberofequallyspacedbinswhichatleastboundthemaximumandminimum

readings.Step5:Selectthecellsadjacenttothe

bins.Step6:Gottothemainmenuandinsertfunctionandselect“FREQUENY”

fromStep7:Entertheresultdatacellrangepointandthebincellrange

pointsrespectivelybut“DONOTHITRETURNorENTER”!FREQUENCY(B2:B6000,F8:F36)frequencyofeachbinwillappearnexttoeachbin

cell.Step7:PressCTL-SHIFT-ENTER.Thisistherangeentryterminator.

The

Step8:Createacolumnnexttothefrequencycolumnthatiseach

frequencycolumnentrydividedbythesumofallbins.Thisistheprobabilitythataresultwillbeinthat

bin.Step9:Createacolumnnexttothebinprobabilitythatusedthe‘NORMDIST’function.NORMDIST(F8,MEAN,SIGMA,FALSE)Step10:Createacolumnnexttothenormdistcolumnthatis

normalized.K8/SUM(K:K)Step11:Selectthenormalizeddistributionandbinprobabilitycolumnandchoosechartfromtheinsertmenu.Selectthe“customtypes”tapandthe“l(fā)ine-column”type.Usethebinnameasx

labels.HSPICEfor

SI12/4/200244CheckScatterPlot

FirstMeasurement

Scatter100050000100200400500600300sweep

numberpsThreshold

=0.35

VHSPICEfor

SI12/4/2002Theabovescatterplotsuggeststhatthemeasurementsarereasonablewelldistributed.45ResultsofMonteCarlo

AnalysisBreakForspreadsheetwalk

throughResultsbelowMeasured

DataTop835.9724.9

bottom678.7784.5

bins20743.9

SIGMA21.71739.6

MEAN741.31546720.6Gaussian

Curve773Bin

NumberBin

Valuesforbin

value708.61678.700.00028687742.32686.560.00076344755.73694.42copy

of MeasuredNormalizedFrequencybin

values

PDF Gaussian1 678.70

0.000205

0.0024 686.56

0.000821

0.00622

694.42

0.004516

0.0140.001782097PDFofMeasuredvs.

Normal0.180.160.140.120.10.080.060.040.020678.70686.56694.42702.28710.14718.00725.86733.72741.58749.44757.30765.16773.02780.88788.74796.60804.46812.32820.18828.04835.90843.76851.62psprobabilityMeasured Estimated

GaussianHSPICEfor

SI12/4/200246Whathappensifthescatterplothas

outliersAGaussiananalysisisnot

validOutlierssuggestthatthereexistsphysicalanomaliesthatmustbe

determined.Thenextstepistolookathe

waveforms.ThefollowingpagewillillustratetheissueswithusingaGaussianfitfortheabove

data.Measurement

Scatter4000200000100200400500300sweep

numberpsT6h00eseareproblematic.Why?HSPICEfor

SI12/4/200247Distributionresultsforperviousbad

scatterMeasured

DataTop3362910.6

bottom759.81021

bins20923.1

SIGMA218.64941.1475904947.5

MEAN878.44.5

high1925.005679Gaussian

Curve11.07256826Bin

NumberBin

Valuesforbin

value1209top

831.93

high1597.0529831759.80copy

of MeasuredNormalizedFrequencybin

values

PDF Gaussian1 759.80

0.001004

0.1930.001293583285.24219822889.910.2640.001775269848.23

low940.7bottom

0.82945311631020.020.2550.001709742882.14.5

low-42.7104978941150.130.1720.001155563799.251280.24429 889.91

0.430723493

1020.02

0.4949838 1150.13

0.0381532 1280.24

0.0020080.0820.000548092PDFofMeasuredvs.

Normal0.60.50.40.30.20.10759.80889.911020.021150.131280.241410.351540.461670.571800.681930.792060.902191.012321.122451.232581.342711.452841.562971.673101.783231.893362.003492.113622.22psprobabilityMeasured Estimated

GaussianLookslike

aHSPICEfor

SI12/4/2002“mode” orlikelyoccurrencehere48Identifyasweepwiththe

anomalyindex rx_rterm@rx_cterm@tx_rterm@tx_cterm@

pkg_coulpi

tr@tr1 flight_time

temper alter#152.29317.18E-1344.47695.10E-130.16476.18E-109.11E-10251243.92721.30E-1249.13394.30E-130.24265.37E-101.02E-09251353.