江蘇高考英語專題三閱讀理解：第三步真題演練(四)

題型突破(四)推理判斷之細(xì)節(jié)推斷題A(2017·儀征中學(xué)期初考試)Aworld-famousCanadianauthor，MargaretAtwood，hascreatedtheworld’sfirstlong-distancesigningdevice(裝置)，theLongPen.Aftermanytiringbook-signingtoursfromcitytocity，Atwoodthoughttheremustbeabetterwaytodothem.Shehiredsometechnicalexpertsandstartedherowncompanyin2004.TogethertheydesignedtheLongPen.Here’showitworks：Theauthorwritesapersonalmessageandsignatureonacomputertablet(手寫板)usingaspecialpen.Onthereceivingend，inanothercity，aroboticarmfittedwitharegularpensignsthebook.Theauthorandfancantalkwitheachotherviawebcams(網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像機(jī))andcomputerscreens.WorkontheLongPenbeganinAtwood’sbasement.Atfirst，theyhadnoideaitwouldbeashardasitturnedouttobe.Thedevicewentthroughseveralversions，includingonethatactuallyhadsmokecomingoutofit.Theinvestingfinallycompleted，testrunsweremadeinOttawa，andtheLongPenwasofficiallylaunchedatthe2006LondonBookFair.Fromhere，AtwoodconductedtwotransatlanticbooksigningsofherlatestbookforfansinTorontoandNewYorkCity.TheLongPenproducesauniquesignatureeachtimebecauseitcopiesthemovementoftheauthorinrealtime.Ithasseveralotherpotentialapplications.Itcouldincreasecreditcardsecurityandallowpeopletosigncontractsfromanotherprovince.ThevideoexchangebetweensignerandreceivercanberecordedonDVDforproofwhenlegaldocumentsareused.“It’sreallyfun，”saidtheownerofabookstore，whowaspresentforoneofthetestruns.“Obviouslyyoucan’tshakehandswiththeauthor，buttherearechancesforaconnectionthatyoudon’tgetfromaregularbooksigning.”Theresponsetotheinventionhasnotbeenallfavorable.Atwoodhasreceivedcriticismfromauthorswhothinkshe’stryingtoendbooktours.Butshesaid，“Itwillbepossibletogotoplacesthatyounevergotsenttobeforebecausethepublisherscouldn’taffordit.”語篇解讀本文介紹了一種特殊的、可以讓作者在很遠(yuǎn)的城市為讀者遠(yuǎn)程簽字的簽字筆theLongPen，并介紹了這種發(fā)明的起因以及發(fā)明過程。1．WhatdoweknowabouttheinventionoftheLongPen?A．Ithasbeencompletedbutnotputintouse.B．Thebasementcaughtfirebyaccident.C．Someversionsfailedbeforeitstestrun.D．Thedesignerswerewell-preparedforthedifficulty.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Thedevicewentthroughseveralversions，includingonethatactuallyhadsmokecomingoutofit.”可知，這個(gè)裝置經(jīng)歷了很多次失敗，最后才發(fā)明成功。故選C。2．WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraphs5and6?A．Bookstoreownersdon’tsupporttheLongPen.B．CriticsthinktheLongPenisoflittleuse.C．Atwooddoesn’tmeantoendbooktours.D．PublishersdisliketheLongPenforitshighcost.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段最后一句“Butshesaid，‘Itwillbepossibletogotoplacesthatyounevergotsenttobeforebecausethepublisherscouldn’taffordit.’”可知，她發(fā)明這種簽字筆可以給以前從來沒有去過的地方的讀者簽字，而不是想結(jié)束booktours。故選C。B(2017·無錫期中調(diào)研)Oneofmyfavoriteprofessorsincollegewasaself-confessed(公開承認(rèn)的)liar.Iguessthatstatementneedsabitofexplanation.ThetopicofCorporateFinance/CapitalMarketsisaverydryandboringsubjectmatter.DrKwasmemorablebecauseofsomethingheintroducedatthebeginningofhisfirstclass，“Betweentodayandtheclassrightbeforefinals，Iwillputalieintoeachofmylectures.Yourjob，asstudents，amongotherthings，istotryandcatchtheLieoftheDay.”Andthenbeganour10-weekcourse.Thiswasabrilliantwaytofocusourattention—byaskingstudentstochallengehisstatements.Earlyinthequarter，theLieoftheDaywasusuallyobvious—immediatelycausingraisedhandstochallengeit.Asthequarterwenton，theLieoftheDaybecamemoresubtle(不易察覺的)，andmanyendedupslippingpastmoststudentsunnoticeduntilaveryalertpersonstoppedthelecturetoflagit.Everyonceinawhile，alecturewouldendwithnobodycatchingthelie.Onthosedays，DrK，lookingquitepleasedwithhimself，wouldsay，“Ahha！Eachofyouhasonefalsehoodinyourlecturenotes.Discussamongyourselveswhatitmightbe，andIwilltellyounextMonday.”Thoselecturesforcedustoworkinstudygroupssowecouldapproachhimwithourtheoriesthefollowingweek.Brilliant...butwhatmadeDrK’stechniquegeniuswas，duringthemosttechnicallydifficultlectureoftheentirequarter，therewasnolie.Attheendofthelectureinwhichnoliewasfound，D．theformervictimsdependmuchonthepoliceforinvestigation答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段第二句“Councilloraftercouncillorspokeoftheirshameatwhathadbeenallowedtohappentochildrenintheircare.”可以推斷，當(dāng)年的管理機(jī)構(gòu)并沒有很好地履行他們的職責(zé)。故選A項(xiàng)。9．CampaignersofSOSAhavetakentheactionof.A．collectingevidenceforthepoliceB．creatingmusicforthecampaignC．goingtowarwiththegovernmentD．turningtolawyersforassistance答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二、三句“Itisusingmusictopressitscase.Asongentitled‘Don’tTouchIt—It’sMine’includespersonaltestimony(證詞)fromvictims.”和最后一段最后一句“Wewanttodiscoveritourselvesandweknowmusicanddanceandpoetryarewaysthatcantellagreaterstory.”可知，SOSA的成員采取創(chuàng)作音樂的形式來揭示真相、表達(dá)自己。故選B項(xiàng)。D(2017·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市一模)Areyouadifferentpersonwhenyouspeakaforeignlanguage？That’sjustoneofthequestionstheNewYorker’swriterandnativeNorthCarolinianLaurenCollinsexploresinherautobiography，abouthertougheffortstomasterFrenchaftermarryingaFrenchmanwhosename—Olivier—shecouldn’tevenpronounceproperly.WheninFrenchrangesfromthehumorouslypersonalstorytoadeeperlookatvarioustheoriesoflanguageacquisitionandlinguistics(語言學(xué))．ThecouplemetinLondon“onmoreorlessneutralground：hiscontinent，mylanguage”．ButthebalanceshiftedwhentheymovedtoGenevaforOlivier’swork.ThenormallyvolubleCollinsfoundherselfataloss—“nearlyspeechless”．Thelanguagebarrier，andherdependenceonherhusbandforsimplethingslikebuyingtherightcutofmeatworsenedhermixedfeelingsabout“unlovely，butnotridiculous”Geneva.Shecomments，“Language，asmuchasland，isaplace.Tobecutofffromitistobe，inasense，homeless.”Hersenseofalienation(疏離感)leadstoanexaminationofAmerica’smiserablerecordwhenitcomestoforeignlanguages.“LinguistscallAmerica‘thegraveyardoflanguages’becauseofitssingularabilitytotakeinmillionsofimmigrantsandmaketheirnativelanguagesdieoutinafewgenerations，”Collinswrites.EducatedinWilmington，N.C.，andatPrinceton，shecould—likethevastmajorityofAmericans—onlyspeaktheirmothertongue.EightmonthsaftershemovedtoSwitzerland，CollinsgivesuponthenaturalacquisitionoflanguageandfinallyattendsaFrenchcourse.Asshestruggleswithgrammarandvocabulary，Collinsnotessmartlythatvert(green)，verre(glass)，ver(worm)，vers(toward)，andvair(squirrel)composeaquintuplehomonym(同形異義)．“Althoughit’sdifficult，F(xiàn)renchcanbetried，”shesays.FrenchisactuallyconsideredamongtheeasiestlanguagesforanEnglishspeakertolearn，especiallycomparedtoArabicorMandarinChinese.Collins，whosenotablyrichEnglishvocabularyincludesglossolalia(nonsensespeech)andshibboleth(catchwordorslogan)，findsplentyofterrificFrenchwordstolove.Shewrites，“Englishisatrustfund，anunearnedinheritance(遺產(chǎn))，butI’veworkedforeverybitofFrenchI’vebanked.”UnlikeJhumpaLahiri，whobecamesohookedonItalianandusedittowriteInOtherWords，Collins’sgoalsforlearningFrenchweremoremodest，“IwantedtospeakFrenchandtosoundlikeNorthCarolina.”Shealsowantedtobeabletodealwithchimneysweepsandbutchers，communicatewithherin-laws，and“totouchOlivierinhisownlanguage”．SheadmitsthatshefeelsdifferentspeakingFrench，“Itsausterity(樸素)mademefeelmoreconfused.”Readerslookingfortheromanticsparkofclassiccross-culturallovestoriesfeaturinganoutgoingAmericanandashyFrenchmanwillfindflashesofithere.AmongthemanyculturaldifferencesthecoupleargueoverareherenthusiasticAmericanhabitofapplyingtheverb“l(fā)ove”toexpressenthusiasmforshoes，strawberries，andhusbandsalike.Butthere’sfarmoretoCollins’sbookthanfantasticcomedy，andthosewhohaveweatheredlinguisticcrossingsthemselvestendtofindparticularresonance(共鳴)initsinquiryintolanguage，identity，andtransculturaltranslation.Arrangedbychaptersnamedforverbtenses，WheninFrenchworksitswayfromThePastPerfect(Leplus-que-parfait)toThePresent(LePrésent)andTheConditional(LeConditionnel)．CollinsendsonadelightfulnotewithLeFutur—fittingforanewmotherabouttomovewithherhard-wonFrenchhusband，F(xiàn)renchlanguage，andSwiss-borndaughtertotheFrench-speakingcityofherdreams，Paris.語篇解讀本文是說明文，主要介紹了LaurenCollins的自傳WheninFrench的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。10．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutWheninFrench?A．ItdescribeshowmostAmericanpeoplelearnFrench.B．ItintroducesavarietyoftheoriesaboutFrenchlearning.C．Theauthortellsherexperiencesinaseriousway.D．Thebookoffersatraditionalwayoflearningaforeignlanguage.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句話中的“...adeeperlookatvarioustheoriesoflanguageacquisitionandlinguistics(語言學(xué))．”可知，WheninFrench探討了語言習(xí)得的不同理論和語言學(xué)。11．Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedword“voluble”inParagraph2?A．Graceful. B．Dependent.C．Talkative. D．Energetic.答案C解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句中的“normally”和“nearlyspeechless”可知，通常情況下，LaurenCollins是很健談的，但是在新的環(huán)境中她因?yàn)檎Z言不通而感到不知所措，幾乎說不出話。由此可知，voluble表示的應(yīng)是與speechless相反的意思。12．WhydolinguistscallAmerica“thegraveyardoflanguages”？A．BecauseotherlanguagesareprohibitedinAmerica.B．BecauseonlyEnglish-speakingpeoplecanimmigrateintoAmerica.C．Becauseimmigrants’nativelanguagescontradictEnglishinAmerica.D．BecauseAmericancultureswallowsupimmigrants’nativelanguagesgradually.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“itssingularabilitytotakeinmillionsofimmigrantsandmaketheirnativelanguagesdieoutinafewgenerations”可知，語言學(xué)家之所以將美國稱作“語言的墓地”是因?yàn)槊绹幕瘯?huì)逐漸地吞噬移民的母語。13．WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4andParagraph5?A．Collins’sEnglishvocabularyknowledgecontributeslittletoherFrenchlearning.B．CollinshasfoundoutsomeeffectivewaysofmasteringFrenchwords.C．ArabicorMandarinChineseareeasiertolearnthanFrenchforEnglishspeakers.D．It’sterrifyingforCollinstohaveFrenchwordsinstoreforpracticaluse.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Collinsnotessmartlythat...‘Althoughit’sdifficult，F(xiàn)renchcanbetried，’shesays”和第五段中的“findsplentyofterrificFrenchwordstolo