高考英語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句精講課件

同位語(yǔ)從句1同位語(yǔ)從句指的是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)的從句，屬于名詞性從句的范疇，同位語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)對(duì)其前面的抽象名詞進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明。2一個(gè)名詞（或其它形式）對(duì)另一個(gè)名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾，限定或

說(shuō)明，這個(gè)名詞（或其它形式）就是同位語(yǔ)。同位語(yǔ)與被它限定的詞

的格式要一致，并常常緊挨在一起。同位語(yǔ)從句即重復(fù)說(shuō)明同一個(gè)稱謂

或事件的從句。用法31、名詞作同位語(yǔ)Mr.

Wang,

my

child's

teacher,will

be

visiting

us

on

Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老師，星期二要來(lái)看我們。（在這里'my

child's

teacher'做同位語(yǔ)修飾'Mr.

Wang')2、短語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ)I,

the

oldest

girl

in

the

family,

always

had

to

care

for

the

otherchildren.我，作為家里最大的女孩，總是要照料家中的其他孩子。43、直接引語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ)But

now

the

question

comes

to

their

minds，“Did

she

die

young

because

shewas

aclone?”但是現(xiàn)在他們不得不思考這樣的問(wèn)題：“多莉早死是因?yàn)樗且恢豢寺⊙騿幔俊?、句子作同位語(yǔ)The

girls

were

surprised

at

the

fact

that

ocean

ships

can

sail

up

the

Great

lakes.巨大的海輪可以開到五大湖，讓表姐妹倆感到吃驚。5二、固定用法同位語(yǔ)部分是個(gè)句子，就是同位語(yǔ)從句，這種用法比較"固定"。61、在復(fù)合句中用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫同位語(yǔ)從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后面，用以說(shuō)明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。I

heard

the

news

that

our

team

had

won．我聽到了我們隊(duì)獲勝的消息。2、可以跟同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility,decision等（一般的“抽象”名詞都可用）。I've

come

from

Mr.Wang

with

a

message

that

he

won't

be

able

to

see

you

thisafternoon．我從王先生那里來(lái)，他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來(lái)看你了。3、英語(yǔ)中引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的詞通常有連詞

that，

whether，連接代詞

what，who。連接副詞

how,

when, where等。（注：if不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。）He

must

answer

the

question

whether

he

agrees

with

it

ornot.他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題。4、有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句可以不緊跟在說(shuō)明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開。The

thought

came

to

him

that

maybe

the

enemy

had

fled

thecity．他突然想起敵人可能已經(jīng)逃出城了。7三、引導(dǎo)詞同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的詞語(yǔ)通常有連詞that，whether，連接代詞和連接副詞等。81、that引導(dǎo)that連接從句時(shí)從句為一個(gè)句意完整的陳述句。that不能省略，沒(méi)有具體的意思，不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起連接作用。(注：引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的that不能省略）The

idea

that

you

can

do

this

work

well

without

thinking

is

quite

wrong.你認(rèn)為不動(dòng)腦筋就能做好這件工作的想法是完全錯(cuò)誤的。(作idea的同位語(yǔ)）【注意1】在某些名詞（如demand,wish,suggestion,resolution等）后面的同位語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣There

was

a

suggestion

that

Brown

should

be

dropped

from

the

team.有一項(xiàng)建議是布朗應(yīng)該離隊(duì)?！咀⒁?】引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞that通常不省略，但在非正式文體中也可以省去。He

grabbed

his

suitcase

and

gave

the

impression

he

was

boardingthe

Tokyo

plane.他拿起了手提箱，給人的印象是他要登上飛往東京的飛機(jī)了。92、whether引導(dǎo)（注：if不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句）10The

question

whether

we

should

call

in

a

specialist

was

answered

bythe

familydoctor.我們是否請(qǐng)專家由家庭醫(yī)生來(lái)定?！咀⒁狻縲hether

可引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，但if不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。3、連接代詞what,who,whom,whose引導(dǎo)1).I

have

no

idea

what

size

shoes

she

wears.我不知道她穿幾號(hào)的鞋。（what作定語(yǔ)）2).The

question

who

will

take

his

place

is

still

not

clear.(who作主語(yǔ)）4、連接副詞when,where,how,why引導(dǎo)We

haven't

yet

settled

the

question

where

we

are

going

to

spend

our

summer

vacation.到哪兒去度暑假，這個(gè)問(wèn)題我們還沒(méi)有決定。11四、同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別121、意義的不同同位語(yǔ)從句是用來(lái)進(jìn)一步解釋或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明前面的名詞，它與被修飾詞語(yǔ)通常可以劃等號(hào)；而定語(yǔ)從句是限制所修飾名詞的，它的作用是將所修飾的名詞與其他類似的東西區(qū)別開來(lái)。We

are

glad

at

the

news

that

he

willcome.聽到他要來(lái)這個(gè)消息我們很高興。(news的具體內(nèi)容就是that

hewill

come，故that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句)We

are

glad

at

the

news

that

he

told

us.聽到他告訴我們的這個(gè)消息我們很高興。(that從句是限制the

news的內(nèi)容的，即我們高興只是因?yàn)樗嬖V的這個(gè)

news而不是其他的news，故that從句為定語(yǔ)從句)132、引導(dǎo)詞的不同what,how,if,whatever

等可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，但不引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。3、引導(dǎo)詞的功能上的不同that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，它不充當(dāng)句子成分，而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，它作為關(guān)系代詞，要么充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)，要么充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)。如上例that

he

toldus中的that就充當(dāng)told的賓語(yǔ)。144、被修飾詞語(yǔ)的區(qū)別同位語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞比較有限，通常有hope,wish,idea,news,fact,promise,opinion,suggestion,truth等，而定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞則非常廣泛。另外，when和where

引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，通常只修飾表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的名詞，而它們引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)卻不一定；又如why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，它通常只修飾名詞the

reason，而它引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)則不一定。15I

have

no

idea

when

they

willcome.16我不知道他們什么時(shí)候來(lái)。(同位語(yǔ)從句)I’ll

never

forget

the

days

when

I

lived

there.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我住在那兒的日子。(定語(yǔ)從句)We

don't

understand

the

problem

why

this

is

the

bestchoice.我們不明白這個(gè)問(wèn)題，為什么這是最好的選擇。(同位語(yǔ)從句)The

reason

why

he

didn't

come

to

the

meeting

is

that

he

is

ill.他未能來(lái)開會(huì)，原因是他生病了。(定語(yǔ)從句)17鞏固練習(xí)1.

The

factshe

works

hard

is

well

known

to

us

all.A.

that B.

what C.

why D.

which2.

The

facthe

was

successful

proves

his

ability.B.

what C.

which D.

whyA.

that3.

The

newshe

was

kidnapped

surprised

us

greatly.B.

that C.

why D.

whenthe

meeting

be

delayed

was

turned

down.B.

that

C./ D.

ithe

will

start.18A.

whatHis

suggestionwhichI

have

no

ideawhenB.

that C.

whatD./AABBAthe

meeting

won't

be

held6.

I've

come

from

the

government

with

a

messagetomorrow.A.

when B.

which C.what D.that8.

The

order the

prisoner

be

set

free

arrived

toolate.A.which B.

whether C.that D.

what9.

The

nurses

are

trying

their

best

to

reduce

the

patient's

fear he

would

dieofthe

disease.19A.

that B.

as C.

ofw