陜西省西安市長(zhǎng)安區(qū)2023年考研《英語(yǔ)一》預(yù)測(cè)試卷含解析

陜西省西安市長(zhǎng)安區(qū)2023年考研《英語(yǔ)一》預(yù)測(cè)試卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)ItwasaWednesdaynight.Amiddle-agedmancameinforatoothextraction(拔牙).Hewassitting1inthewaitinghallwhenItookhisbloodpressure,whichwas2at160．Iwasalittleworriedbecausewearenotsupposedtoextractteethfrompatientswithhighbloodpressure.Understandingmy3,heexplainedthathewasjust4.Iledhimtothedentalchair,tryingtocalmhimdown.Mostpatientsarealittlenervousbeforetreatment,sowenormally5withthemtohelpthemrelax.Isaid,“Extractioncanbescary,butwewilltrytomakeitless6.”Hesaid,“No,youdon’tunderstand.”Afterawhile,he7,“Myfatherdiedofheartattacksonthedentalchair.AndlastweekIwas8withcancer.Soit’shardformeto9.”1was10.Itriedhardtosaysomethingto11him,butIfailedandsankintosilence.Thedoctorcamein.He12thepatientandstartedtotalkabouttheextraction.Thepatient,13,toldhisstory.Thedoctor14andsaid,“Okay,Isee.Letmeknowifyoudon’tfeelwellduringthe15.”Hestartedtheprocedure,constantlyaskingthepatienthowhe16.Whenwesuccessfullypulledhistooth,I17asighofrelief.Wedoctorswillmeetdifferentpatientsinour18.Sometimestheycomewith19memoriesoftreatment.Whatwecandoistotryourbesttohelpthem.Tobeadoctormeansservingpatientswitha20heart.1、A．happily B．excitedly C．a(chǎn)nxiously D．breathlessly2、A．high B．low C．strong D．weak3、A．role B．concern C．desire D．behavior4、A．curious B．lonely C．cautious D．nervous5、A．speak B．inform C．chat D．tell6、A．effortless B．painless C．unbearable D．uncomfortable7、A．a(chǎn)dded B．explained C．thought D．evaluated8、A．diagnosed B．checked C．examined D．infected9、A．cheerup B．comein C．setout D．calmdown10、A．speechless B．noiseless C．soundless D．wordless11、A．encourage B．comfort C．motivate D．indicate12、A．welcomed B．greeted C．waved D．operated13、A．however B．therefore C．a(chǎn)gain D．thus14、A．laughed B．nodded C．shook D．realized15、A．extraction B．discussion C．treatment D．relaxation16、A．felt B．judged C．recognized D．expected17、A．blew B．sighed C．squeezed D．breathed18、A．jobs B．lives C．careers D．performances19、A．good B．hopeful C．serious D．bad20、A．kind B．heavy C．caring D．sinkingSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Asalittlegirlgrowingupintheearly1960sinasuburbofPittsburgh,itwasnotalwayseasytofindrolemodels,ButIwaslucky.Inmychildhood,Iknewsmart,strongwomenwhohadaccomplishedmuch,oneofwhominventedtheworld’sfirstcomputercompiler(編譯器).Recently,though,Ilearnedaboutarolemodelwhowasrightundermynose—myownmother.Growingup,IknewshehadworkedasasecretarybeforeIwasborn.IknewthatshehadjoinedtheWAVES—theWomenAcceptedforVolunteerEmergencyServicebranchoftheU.S.NavalReserve(海軍預(yù)備隊(duì))—duringWorldWarⅡ.AndIknewshe’dworkedinanofficethatwasinvolvedwithcodes(編碼).Butwhenshetalkedaboutit—rare,becauseshehadbeensworntosecrecy—shedescribedherdutiesasordinary,routine.Ineverquestionedit.Afterall,thewomanIknewwasareservedsuburbanmom.Notlongago,achanceconversationwithacolleagueledmetothebook,CodeGirls.IttellsthestoryoftheWAVES,whodecrypted(解碼)andencryptedsecretmessagesduringthewar.Theyworkedaroundtheclock,knowingthatthelivesoftensofthousandsofsoldiers—theirbrothers,husbands,fathers—wereontheline.Inspired,Ibeganajourneytoexplorethemysteryofmymother’sservicethatcontinuestothisday.Igotsomeofherworkingrecordsaboutherunit,OP19.Intwoyears,shewaspromotedthreetimes.Shewasnosecretary,andherdutieswerehardlyordinary.MymotheralwaysencouragedmyinterestinscienceandinsistedtomyfatherthatIgotocollege.“You’regoingtogrowuptobeanotherMadameCurie,”shetoldme.Shewasalwayspointingatotherwomen.Shedidnotseeherselfassomeonetomodelon.NeitherdidI.NowIseeherdifferently.1、Whydidn’ttheauthor’smothertellthetruthaboutherjob?A．Shewasafraidofbeingfiredbyhercompany.B．Shethoughtherjobwasjustunremarkable.C．Shethoughtsecretarywasbetterthanherrealjob.D．Sheknewwellwhattobeexpectedofhercareer.2、Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthorsmother?A．Devotedandfaithful. B．Ambitiousandreserved.C．Cooperativeandsincere. D．Hardworkingandskeptical.3、Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Theauthordoubtedhermother’sjobwhenshewasachild.B．Theauthor’smothersawherselfasanexampletofollow.C．CodeGirls’jobismoreimportantthanthatofthesoldiers.D．CodeGirlsinspiredtheauthortolearnmoreofhermother.4、Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．CodeGirls,MyFavouriteBook.B．Mom,MyRealRoleModel.C．TheOP19,ABuriedSecret.D．WAVES,AMysteriousOrganization.Text2FitnessbandsliketheAppleWatchandtheFitbitaimtotracksomethinglikeheartrate.Butearlymodelsweren’tallthataccurate.Wethoughtofthemalittlebitlikerandomnumbergenerators(生成器).Theyreallydidn’tseemtobeprovidinganythingthatboreanyrelationshiptoheartrate.EuanAshley,acardiologist(心臟病專家),studieswearablesatStanfordUniversity.Heandhiscolleagueshavenowtestedsevennewerfitnessbands,frombrandslikeApple,Fitbitandothersandhesaysthoseheartratestatisticshavegottenmuchbetter."Yeahwewerepleasantlysurprisedactuallybyhowgoodtheaccuracyoftheheartratemonitoringwas."Formostofthedevices,theerrorratewaslessthan5%,whichisgoodenoughforyourdoctor.Butwhereallthedevicesfailedtomeasureupwasestimatingcaloriesburned.Eventhemostaccuratedeviceswereoffby30%,comparedtolabmeasurementsofenergyconsumption.Onedevicewasoffbymorethan90%.Ifyouthinkaboutgoingtothegymandworkingoutforanhourandmaybethat’saround400calories,theninrealitythatcouldbeanythingfrom200to800.Andthat’sabigdifferenceifyou’rethinkingaboutsomebodywho’sincorporatingthoseestimatesintotheirlifestyleandparticularthinkingaboutwhattoeatthateveningbasedontheworkouttheydidthatafternoon.TheresultsareintheJournalofPersonalizedMedicine.Thereasonforthediscrepancy,Ashleysays,couldbethatweallburnenergyatdifferentratesandthat’shardtocalculatefromsimpleinputstatisticslikeweightandheight.Somepeopleareincrediblyefficientandlookincrediblyelegantwhentheyrun.Andothersreallyclearlylooklikethey’reburningalotmorecaloriestocoverthesameamountofground.Soifyouownawearable,it’sprobablysafetotrusttheheartdata.Butwhatitcan’ttellyouiswhetheryourtimeonthetreadmill(跑步機(jī))reallyjustifiesthatchocolatebar.1、WhatdoesEuanAshleysayaboutthenewermodelsofwearables?A．TheywerealluselessB．TheywerehardlyeffectiveC．TheyweretooexpensiveD．Theyweremostlyaccurate2、WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4andParagraph5?A．Formeasuringheartrates,mostfitnessbandsarenotreliableB．Formeasuringcaloriesinexercise,mostfitnessbandsarenotreliableC．WecanbaseourlifestyleanddietonadvicefromdoctorsD．Wecanbaseourlifestyleanddietondatafromwearables3、Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．ToremindreaderstousefitnessbandswiselyB．TopromotethesaleofpopularwearablesC．TodiscusstheadvantagesofsomepopularwearablesD．Tointroducesomefamous-brandfitnessbandsText3BreconBeaconsYAChasanamazingopportunityforbudding(嶄露頭角的)archaeologistsofallages,inSunderlandinTyneandWear.ThankstofundingfromtheHeritageLotteryFund,professionalarchaeologistsfromWardellArmstrongwillbeinvestigatinganarchaeologicalmysteryandtheyneedyourhelp.Romans?“Thesiteisabitofamystery”,FrankGieccofromWardellArmstrongsaid.“Thereisaverynicecropmarkrecordedonthesitethathasgotlotsofpeopleveryexcited.Geophysicistsfailedtofindanythingrelatingtothecropmark.ThereisanecdotalevidenceofRomanmaterialbeingfound,butnothingisofficiallyrecorded.Wehopetofinallyanswerthequestionofwhatisinthisfield,duringthetwoweeksonsite.IsthereevidenceofanyRomanoccupationonthesite?Canyouhelpusfindout?”GetinvolvedThisisanopportunityforbothadultsandchildrentotakepartinfieldwalkingandtrialtrenching(smallhand-dugtestpitsforchildren).Noexperienceisnecessary,trainingwillbeprovidedbytheprofessionalarchaeologistsfromWardellArmstrong,andallequipmentwillbeprovided.Volunteerscanattendforasfeworasmanydaysastheywish,buttheydoneedtobookaplace.Formoreinformation,andtobookyourplace,pleasecontactNormanKirtlanatsunderlandforgottenstones@.1、Ifyouintendtotakepartintheactivity,you________.A．willbechargedforusingequipmentB．willbecoachedbyexpertsinthefieldC．shouldhaveworkedwitharchaeologistsbeforeD．shouldsparetwoweekstostayatthesite2、What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toseekfundingforarchaeologicalresearch.B．Toappealforhelpinprovingfindingsbasedonanecdotalevidence.C．Tofindvolunteerstohelpsolveanarchaeologicalmystery.D．ToorganizevolunteerstohelpsortourdataontheRomanoccupation.Text4Duringtheperiodfrom1660through1800,GreatBritainbecametheworld’sleader.Languageitselfbecamesubmittedtorulesduringthisperiod.ThisneedtofixtheEnglishlanguageisbestillustrated(描述)inthemakingofTheDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagebySamuelJohnson.GuidestotheEnglishlanguagehadbeeninexistencebeforeJohnsonbeganhisprojectin1746.These,however,wereoftenlittlemorethanlistsofhardwords.Whendefinitionsofcommonwordsweresupplied,theywereoftenunhelpful.Forexample,a“horse”wasdefinedinanearlydictionaryas“abeastwellknown”.Johnsonchangedallthat,butthetaskwasnotaneasyone.Rentingahouseat17GoughSquare,Johnsonbeganworkingintheworstofconditions.Supportedonlybyhispublisher,JohnsonworkedontheDictionarywithfiveassistants.ComparedtotheFrenchAcademy’sdictionary,whichtookfortyworkersfifty-fiveyearstocomplete(1639-1694),Johnson’sdictionarywascompletedbyveryfewpeopleveryquickly.Balancedonachairwithonlythreelegs,Johnsonsatagainstawallinaroomfilledwithbooks.Johnsonwouldreadwidelyfromthesebooks,markpassagesillustratingtheuseofaparticularword,andgivethebookstohisassistantssothattheycouldcopythepassagesonslipsofpaper.TheseslipswerethenstucktoeightylargenotebooksunderthekeywordsthatJohnsonhadselected.Fixingthewordbythismethod,Johnsoncouldrecordaword，susageanditsdefinition.Howmanypassageswereused?AccordingtoJohnson’smodernbiographerWalterJacksonBate,theoriginaltotalnumbercouldhavebeenover240,000.Howmanywordsweredefinedbythelexicographer?Over40,000wordsappearedintwolargebooksinAprilof1755.DidJohnsonfullyunderstandthehugetaskhewasundertakingwhenhebegan?AshetoldhiscontemporarybiographerJamesBoswell,“IknewverywellwhatIwasundertakingandverywellhowtodoit—andhavedoneitverywell.”1、WhatistheproblemofearlyEnglishdictionaries?A．Theyonlyoffersimplepictures.B．Theylistjustafewforeignwords.C．Theysimplygivesometranslations.D．Theyaddnomorethansomebigwords.2、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“l(fā)exicographer”inparagraph4referto?A．Apublisher. B．Abiographer.C．Amakerofdictionaries. D．Anassistant.3、WhatcanweinferaboutSamuelJohnsonfromthetext?A．HestandardizedEnglish.B．Hecaredaboutauthorityalot.C．Hegainedmuchfinancialsupport.D．Hecomplainedofworkingconditions.4、Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A．Todiscusstheproblemsofdictionaries.B．Toencouragepeopletoworkonaproject.C．Topersuadepeopletobuythenewdictionary.D．TointroducehowJohnsoncompletehisdictionary.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)HurricaneKatrinawasoneofthedeadliesthurricanesevertohittheUnitedStatesAbout1,833peoplediedinthehurricaneandthefloodsthat1．(follow)inlateAugust2005,andmillionsofotherswereleft2．(home)alongtheGulfCoastandinNewOrleansKatrinaformedabout200milessoutheastoftheBahamasonAug23,3．Bythetimeitmade4．(it)waytosouthernFloridaonAug25,KatrinawasjustaCategoryOnehurricaneWhileitcausedsomefloodsandtwodeathsduringitsfirstlandfall,itappearedtobejustanotherhurricaneinan5．(act)hurricaneseason6．(surprising),KatrinastrengthenedintoaCategoryFivehurricaneonAug28,withwinds7．(blow)atabout280kphTheNationalGuardwascalledintohelppeopleleavedangerousareasThousandslookedforshelterintheNewOrleansConventionCenter,8．wasextremelycrowdedGovernmentofficialshavetriedtolearnfromthedisasterandcarriedoutbetterenvironmentalandcommunicationplansTheArmyCorpsofEngineershasrebuiltthelevee（堤壩）system,makingit9．(high)ThecityofNewOrleanshasimprovedpeople’saccess10．disasterinformationForexample,theyhave11．e-mailandtextmessagesystemcalledNolaReadythat13,000peoplehavesignedupforItwasasunnydayAlittleboy’sfatherwassittingonthecouch,drinkingabeerwhilewatching1．basketballmatchSeeingthis,theboyrushedtohisfatherandshouted,“Daddy,showmehowtoplaycatch!”Thefather,staring2．thetelevisionscreen,replied,“LetmefinishwatchingthematchPlayoutsideandcomebackinfiveminutes”“Okay,Daddy!”saidtheboy,runningoutoftheroomFiveminuteslater,theboyreturned,3．(scream),“Daddy,let’splaycatchnow!”Bythistime,thefatherhadopenedanothercoldbeerandanothermatchwasbeginning4．(patient)withtheboy’sinterruption,thedadbroughtamagazinetohissonOnthecoverofthemagazinewasalargepictureoftheworldThefather,whowasangryand5．(brother),begantearingthemagazinecoverintosmall6．(piece)Then,thefatherturnedtohisboyandsaid,“Son,onceyouputthispicturebacktogether,wecanplaycatch,butdonotinterruptmeagain7．youfinish”Afewminuteslater,theboyreturnedandsaid,“I8．(finish),Daddy!Canweplaycatchnow?”Surprised,thefatherglancedtowardshischild,andtherelaythemagazinewiththeworldpiecedperfectlytogetherinhissmallhandsThedadaskedhischild9．heputtheworldtogethersoquickly“10．wassimple,”saidtheboy“Onthebackoftheworldwasthepictureofaperson,andonceIputthepersontogether,that’swhentheworldcametogether”SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)AmongthefourskillsinlearningEnglish,whichoneoftheseisthe“odd-man-out”?Theanswerisspeaking.Fortheotherthree,youcandoaloneonyourown.1、Speakingtoyourselfcanbe“dangerous”becausemeninwhitecoatsmaycameandtakeyouaway!WherecanyouseepeoplespeakEnglish?2、AtSchoolIfyoupaytogotoalanguageschool,youshouldusetheopportunitytospeak.Ifyourteacherasksyoutospeakinpairsorgroupswithotherstudents,trytosayasmuchaspossible.3、Justspeak!ConversationClubsManycitiesaroundtheworldhaveconversationclubswherepeoplecanexchangeonelanguageforanother.Lookinyourlocalnewspapertofindaconversationclubnearyou.Theyareusuallyfreealthoughsomemaychargeasmallentrancefee.4、Evenifyoudon’twanttobuyanything,youcanaskquestionsaboutproductsthatinterestyouinashop.“Howmuchdoesthiscost?”“CanIpaybycheque?”O(jiān)ftenyoucanstartatealconversationanditcostyounothing!CafeandBarsThereareAmerican,BritainandAustralianbarsinmanylargecities.Ifyoucanfindone,you’llprobablymeetmanypeoplespeakingEnglishasafirstorsecondlanguage.Languageisallaroundyou.Everywhereyougo,youcanfindlanguage.Shopnames,advertisements,noticesandcarnumbers…Whenyouwalkdownthestreet,practicereadingthewordsandnumbersthatyousee.Saythemtoyourself.It’snotexactlyaconversation,butitwillhelpyouto“think”inEnglish.5、Aboveall,speakasmuchaspossible!Makeasmanymistakesaspossible!Whenyouknowthatyouhavemadeamistake,youknowthatyouhavemadeprogress!A．Andhowcanyoupracticespeakingwhenyouarealone?B．Butdon’tspeaktooloud!C．Dinning.D．Butyoucan’treallyspeakalone!E.Don’tworryaboutyourmistakes.F.YoucanimproveyourEnglishbyspeaking.G.Shopping.PositivethoughtsBeforeyoureadanyfurther,willyoudomeaquickfavor?Findamirror,takealookatyourself,andpayattentiontothethoughtsandfeelingsthatrunthrough