計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程課件完整共22units

2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程1計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程2內(nèi)容簡介本書包含了大量與計算機(jī)專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)、專業(yè)技術(shù)及專業(yè)前沿知識相關(guān)的英文資料，并根據(jù)知識點(diǎn)分成28課。分別講述了計算機(jī)硬件基礎(chǔ)、計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)、計算機(jī)軟件思想、編程語言、計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)、電子商務(wù)應(yīng)用、計算機(jī)圖像與動畫以及計算機(jī)領(lǐng)域的新技術(shù)等內(nèi)容。每課內(nèi)容相對獨(dú)立，如數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)、操作系統(tǒng)、無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)、遠(yuǎn)程教育、人工智能、電子支付等。每課后均附有重點(diǎn)詞匯、課文難點(diǎn)注釋、練習(xí)、兩篇與課文內(nèi)容相關(guān)的閱讀材料以及計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語中相關(guān)的語法知識講述或?qū)I(yè)術(shù)語介紹。書末附有練習(xí)答案，同時提供課文及第一篇閱讀材料的參考譯文。

2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程3目錄

Unit1IntroductionofComputers

Unit2CPUandMemory

Unit3InputandOutputSystems

Unit4C++Language

Unit5OperatingSystem

Unit6DataStructure

Unit7DatabasePrinciple

2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程4目錄Unit8PrinciplesofCompiler

Unit9SoftwareEngineering

Unit10MultimediaUnit11DistanceEducationUnit12ComputerGraphicsandImagesUnit13AnimationUnit14GridComputing2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程5目錄Unit15DistributedSystemsUnit16ComputerNetworkBasicsUnit17InternetUnit18WirelessNetworkUnit19ComputerVirusUnit20OfficeAutomationUnit21VirtualReality2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程6目錄Unit22ArtificialIntelligentUnit23NeuralNetworkUnit24IntroductionofElectronicCommerceUnit25ElectronicPaymentSystemUnit26LogisticsandSupply-chainmanagementUnit27ElectronicMarketingUnit28ComputerSecurity2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程7Unit1IntroductionofComputers1.1TextAcomputerisadigitalelectronicdataprocessingsystem.Digitalcomputerusesthebinarynumbersystem,whichhastwodigits:0and1.Abinaryiscalledabit.Informationrepresentedindigitalcomputersisingroupsofbits.2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程8ComputerDevelopment

TheFirstGenerationofComputers(1946through1959)TheSecondGenerationofComputers(1959through1964)TheThirdGenerationofComputers(1964through1971)TheFourthGenerationofComputers(1971throughnow)2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程9Computertypes

Microcomputerisgenerallyasynonymforthemorecommonterm,personalcomputer,orPC,whichisasmallsingle-usercomputerbasedonamicrocomputer.Workstationisapowerfulsingle-usercomputer.Mainframeormainframecomputerisapowerfulmulti-usercomputer.Minicomputerisamulti-usercomputerofasizebetweenamicrocomputerandamainframe.Supercomputerisanextremelyfastcomputerthatcanperformhundredsofmillionsofinstructionspersecond.2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程10DesktopComputers

Desktopcomputersaremodularsystemsthatmakeiteasytoaddorreplaceindividualpartstomeeteachuser’sparticularrequirements.Modulardesignalsomeansthatyoucantransfersomeoldpartstoyournewcomputerwhenyouroldfaithfulmachinethathasfinallybecomeobsolescent.Youcanimprovethecomputer’sperformancebyaddingnewcomponentsandreplacingexistingpartswithnewonesthathavefasterspeed,greatercapacity,ormorefeatures.2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程11Keywords

accommodate供應(yīng)，適應(yīng)，調(diào)節(jié)alphabet字母表arrangements安排，整理，約定compatibility兼容性，一致性configure配置conversion變化，轉(zhuǎn)換discrete離散的，分立的eliminate消去，淘汰emergence出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生expansion擴(kuò)展，擴(kuò)大evolutionary發(fā)展，進(jìn)化illustrator說明者instruction指令latch獲得，抓住mainframe大型機(jī)2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程12Keywords

manufacturer制造商notable顯著的，著名的obsolescent廢棄，淘汰occupy占據(jù)，占用portable便攜式的prominent突出的，重要的proprietary專有的，獨(dú)占的reliable可靠的，確實(shí)的represent描述，表示revolutionary革命性的silicon硅socket插座，插槽transistor三極管vacuum真空2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程13Notes

[1]Byusingvariouscodingtechniques,groupofbitscanbemadetorepresentnotonlybinarynumberbutalsootherdiscretesymbols,suchasdecimaldigitsorletterofalphabet.譯文：通過應(yīng)用各種編碼技術(shù)，字位的組合不但可以用來表示二進(jìn)制數(shù)，還可以表示其它的離散符號，比如十進(jìn)制數(shù)字和字母表上的字母等。說明：本句的“Byusingvariouscodingtechniques”作狀語，主句采用被動語態(tài)。[2]Thetransistormeantmorepowerful,morereliable,andlessexpensivecomputersthatwouldoccupylessspaceandgiveofflessheatthandidvacuum-tube-poweredcomputers.譯文：使用晶體管可做成功能更強(qiáng)、更可靠、更價廉的計算機(jī)，它與真空管計算機(jī)相比占地面積小，功耗小。說明：本句的“that”引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾賓語“computers”。2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程14Notes

[3]Inadditiontothemicroprocessor,apersonalcomputerhasakeyboardforenteringdata,amonitorfordisplayinginformation,andastoragedeviceforsavingdata.譯文：除了微型處理器，個人計算機(jī)還有輸入數(shù)據(jù)的鍵盤、顯示信息的顯示器和存儲數(shù)據(jù)的存儲裝置。說明：本句中的“Inadditiontothemicroprocessor”是狀語，賓語是“keyboard”、“monitor”和“storagedevice”，賓語后的“for”結(jié)構(gòu)是賓語補(bǔ)足語。[4]Desktopcomputersarethenaturalchoicewhenacomputerremainsinthesameplaceforallofitsworkinglife.譯文：當(dāng)一臺計算機(jī)在它整個工作期間一直都被放在同一個地方時，臺式計算機(jī)是一個理所當(dāng)然的選擇。說明：本句由“when”引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程15Notes

[5]Inaddition,thecommonpartsspecificationsallowarepairshoptomaintainasmallerinventorybecausetheycanusethesamepartsinmanydifferentdesktopcomputermakesandmodels.譯文：此外，一般的配件說明書中都允許維修車間維持較少的庫存量，這是因?yàn)樗麄兡軌蛟诓煌钠放坪湍Ｐ偷呐_式計算機(jī)上使用相同的配件。說明：本句由“because”引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，“tomaintainasmallerinventory”作賓語補(bǔ)足語。2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程161.2ReadingMaterial1：

——MotherboardMotherboardisgenerallyrectangularcircuitboard.MotherboardisusuallycomposedofaCPUslot,anAGPslot,aCNRslot,fivePCIslots,threeDIMMslots,twoIDEinterfaces,afloppydriveinterface,twoserialports,oneparallelport,aPS/2keyboardinterface,aPS/2mouseinterface,twoUSBinterfaces,erasableBIOS,controlchipsetsandothercomponents.2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程17SoundCardandGraphics

Soundcardisaudiosoundcard.Itsbasicfunctionistoproduceandhandlevoicesignals,andthentransferthesignalstothespeakers.Graphicsworksmoreasacoprocessor.Itisrightforacceleratinggraphicsprocessingoperation,andtheCPUcanhandleothermoreimportanttasks.2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程18Keywordsaccelerate加速，促進(jìn)attention注意，留意chassis機(jī)箱lever杠桿merely只，純粹needle針，磁針orifice口，孔popularity普及，流行rectangular矩形的strictly精密地，嚴(yán)格地2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程191.3ReadingMaterial2：

——NotebookComputerHigherperformanceofCPUs,multimediatechnology,aswellasbiggermemoryandlarge-capacitysiliconchipsallowmanufacturerstoputinfancierthingsintonotebookcomputers.Thetrendofnotebookcomputersisasfollows:Fasterspeed.ProcessorsusedarenowusuallyfastCPUs.Largestoragecapacity.Multimediacapabilities.Tosupportmicrophones,headphones,video-performance,andCD-ROM.Easierinputmethods.Pen,voice,andspeechrecognitioninfuture.Built-indatacommunicationsupport.Networking,built-inmodern,evenwirelesssupport.2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程20Keywords

affordable負(fù)擔(dān)得起的compromise折衷方案，調(diào)和fancier行家，空想家headphone頭戴受話器，耳機(jī)innovation創(chuàng)新，革新interview協(xié)商，會談intuitive直覺的，直觀的返回2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程21Unit2CPUandMemory2.1TextTheCPUmeanstheCentralProcessingUnit.Itistheheartofacomputersystem.ACPUcanbeasinglemicroprocessorchip,asetofchips,oraboxofboardsoftransistors,chips,wires,andconnectors.TwomainperformancefactorsofCPUareclockrateandwordsize.2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程2264-bitProcessorsSixty-four-bitprocessorshavebeenwithussince1992,andinthe21stcenturytheyhavestartedtobecomemainstream.Sixty-four-bitprocessorshave64-bitALUs,64-bitregisters,64-bitbusesandsoon.2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程23MultiprocessingMultiprocessingreferstotheorganizationaltechniqueinwhichanumberofprocessorunitsareemployedinasinglecomputersystemtoincreasetheperformanceofthesysteminitsapplicationenvironmentabovetheperformanceofasingleprocessor.Multiprocessorsystemsmaybeclassifiedintofourtypes:SISD,SIMD,MISD,andMIMD.2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程24MemoryRAMandROMplayimportantrolesofstoragedevices.Computermemoryismeasuredinkilobytesormegabytesofinformation.CacheisanotherfactoraffectingCPUperformance.ItisspecialhighspeedmemorythatgivestheCPUmorerapidaccesstodata.2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程25Keywordsconstraint約束，強(qiáng)制力contribute貢獻(xiàn)distinguish區(qū)別，辨別emit發(fā)射，發(fā)行independently獨(dú)立地，任意地kilobyte千字節(jié)megahertz兆赫mainstream主流manipulate處理，控制performance性能2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程26Keywordspermanent永久的，不變的quadrillion千的五次冪，千萬億register寄存器respective分別的，各自的serially連續(xù)地，順次server服務(wù)器simultaneously同時發(fā)生的specification規(guī)范，規(guī)格，說明tendency 傾向，趨勢2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程27Notes[1]EveryprocessorcomeswithauniquesetofoperationssuchasADD,STORE,orLOADthatrepresenttheprocessor’sinstructionset.譯文：每個處理器都有一個獨(dú)特的諸如ADD、STORE或LOAD這樣的操作集，這個操作集就是該處理器的指令系統(tǒng)。說明：本句的賓語是“operationssuchasADD,STORE,orLOAD”，“thatrepresenttheprocessor’sinstructionset”作定語，修飾賓語。2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程28Notes[2]Theclockratesetbythesystemclockdeterminesthespeedatwhichthecomputercanexecuteaninstructionand,therefore,limitsthenumberofinstructionsthatacomputercancompletewithinaspecificamountoftime.譯文：系統(tǒng)時鐘的頻率決定了計算機(jī)執(zhí)行指令的速度，因此限制了計算機(jī)在一定時間內(nèi)所能執(zhí)行的指令數(shù)。說明：這是一個并列句，主語是一個，“setbythesystemclock”作定語，修飾主語“Theclockrate”，謂語有兩個“determines”和“l(fā)imits”，“atwhichthecomputercanexecuteaninstruction”作定語，修飾賓語“speed”，而“thatacomputercancompletewithinaspecificamountoftime”也是定語，修飾“instructions”。2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程29Notes[3]Witha64-bitaddressbusandwide,high-speeddatabusesonthemotherboard,64-bitmachinesalsoofferfasterI/Ospeedstothingslikeharddiskdrivesandvideocards.譯文：利用主板上的64位地址總線與寬的高速數(shù)據(jù)總線，64位機(jī)器還提供了硬盤驅(qū)動器、顯示卡等的高速I/O速度。說明：本句的“Witha64-bitaddressbusandwide,high-speeddatabusesonthemotherboard”作狀語，“tothingslikeharddiskdrivesandvideocards”是賓語補(bǔ)足語。2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程30Notes[4]Peopledoingvideoeditingandpeopledoingphotographiceditingonverylargeimagescanbenefitfromthiskindofcomputingpower.譯文：這類計算功能對進(jìn)行視頻編碼和進(jìn)行超大圖像照片編輯的人有好處。說明：本句的主語是并列的兩個“people”，“doingvideoediting”修飾第一個“people”，“doingphotographiceditingonverylargeimages”修飾第二個“people”。[5]ThememoryunitisanessentialcomponentinanydigitcomputersinceitisneededforstoringtheprogramsthatareexecutedbytheCPU.譯文：任何一臺數(shù)字計算機(jī)都需要存儲CPU所執(zhí)行的程序，因此，存儲器是計算機(jī)最重要的部件之一。說明：本句由“since”引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程312.2ReadingMaterial1：

——HardDisksHarddiskswereinventedinthe1950s.Theystartedaslargedisksupto20inchesindiameterholdingjustafewmegabytes.Atypicaldesktopmachinewillhaveaharddiskwithacapacityofbetween10and40gigabytes.Dataisstoredontothediskintheformoffiles.2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程32Keywordsaluminum鋁coil一圈，盤繞detach分開，脫離equalize均衡，調(diào)整incredibly驚人的。不可思議的platter圓盤seal密封，隔離tolerance忍受，耐性underneath在下面，在底部wedge楔，楔形2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程332.3ReadingMaterial2：

——RISCRISCprocessorsonlyusesimpleinstructionsthatcanbeexecutedwithinoneclockcycle.TheseRISC“reducedinstructions”requirelesstransistorsofhardwarespacethanthecomplexinstructions,leavingmoreroomforgeneralpurposeregisters.TheCISCapproachattemptstominimizethenumberofinstructionsperprogram,sacrificingthenumberofcyclesperinstruction.2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程34Keywordsappropriate合適的，適當(dāng)?shù)腶pproximately接近地，近似地commercial商業(yè)上的，貿(mào)易的competitive競爭的，競賽的foothold立足點(diǎn)operand操作數(shù)pipeline管線，管道predecessor祖先，前任，前輩primary 主要的，最初的sacrifice犧牲，損失返回2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程35Unit3InputandOutputSystems3.1TextUsinginputdevices,people“tell”thecomputerwhatitshoulddoandthecomputerfeedbacktheresultthroughoutputdevices.Inputandoutputdevicesaretheinterfacesofmanandmachine.2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程36KeyboardThekeyboardisusedtotypeinformationintothecomputerorinputinformation.Eachkeyonastandardkeyboardhasoneortwocharacters.Thestandardkeyboardhas101keys.Notebookshaveembeddedkeysaccessiblebyspecialkeysorbypressingkeycombinations.2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程37MouseThemostconventionalkindofmousehastwobuttonsonthetop:theleftoneisusedmostfrequently.Amouseconsistsofametalorplastichousingorcasing,aballthatsticksoutofthebottomofthecasingandrollsonaflatsurface,oneormorebuttonsonthetopofthecasing,andacablethatconnectsthemousetothecomputer.Thepositioningisrelativetosomestartingplace.2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程38CRTMonitorCRTmonitormeansacathoderaytubemonitor.Theyhavefivemaincomponents:electrongun,deflectioncoil,shadowmask,phosphorlayerandtheglasscasing.ClassicCRTuseselectronguntofirehigh-speedelectrons,andcontrolsthedeflectionangleofhigh-speedelectronsthroughverticalandhorizontaldeflectioncoils.2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程39LCDmonitorLCDisconstitutedbythetwoglasspanels,1mmthick,whichareseparatedby5

mevenspacingcontainingliquidcrystalmaterial.FortheLCDmonitorwithpicturestabilityandflicker-freesense,therefreshrateisnothigh,buttheimageisalsoverystable.2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程40I/OsubsystemorganizationandinterfacingEachI/Odeviceisconnectedtothecomputersystem’saddress,data,andcontrolbuses.EachI/OdeviceincludesI/Ointerfacecircuitry.Itisactuallythiscircuitrythatinteractswiththebuses.ThecircuitryalsointeractswiththeactualI/Odevicetotransferdata.2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程41Keywordsabsorption吸收，合并accessible容易理解的，能接近的chiaroscuro明暗對比法conventional常規(guī)的，約定的cursor光標(biāo)deflection偏轉(zhuǎn)，偏離electron電子embed嵌入，嵌進(jìn)feedback反饋hierarchical等級的2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程42Keywordsinvalid無效的，無用的interface接口，界面layout布局millisecond毫秒phosphor熒光粉，磷光體phosphorescence熒光，磷光radiate發(fā)光，輻射shadow陰影，影像2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程43Notes[1]Amouseisasmalldevicethatacomputeruserpushesacrossadesksurfaceinordertopointtoaplaceonadisplayscreenandtoselectoneormoreactionstotakefromthatposition.譯文：鼠標(biāo)是一種小型的設(shè)備，用戶可以在桌面上移動，以指向屏幕上的某個位置并從該位置選擇一項(xiàng)或多項(xiàng)操作。說明：本句的“thatacomputeruserpushesacrossadesksurface”作定語，修飾賓語，“inorderto”引導(dǎo)目的狀語。[2]Viewingthecursor’spresentposition,theuserreadjuststhepositionbymovingthemouse.譯文：看到光標(biāo)的當(dāng)前位置后，用戶可以移動鼠標(biāo)再次進(jìn)行調(diào)整。說明：本句的“Viewingthecursor’spresentposition”是狀語，“bymovingthemouse”也是狀語。2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程44Notes[3]WhentheelectrodesinLCDgenerateelectricfield,theliquidcrystalmoleculeshavebeendistorted,thusthelightthroughthemisregularlyrefracted,andthenthroughthesecondlayer’sfilter,itwillbedisplayedonscreen.譯文：當(dāng)LCD中的電極產(chǎn)生電場時，液晶分子就會產(chǎn)生扭曲，從而將穿越其中的光線進(jìn)行有規(guī)則的折射，然后經(jīng)過第二層過濾層的過濾在屏幕上顯示出來。說明：本句是并列句，由“When”引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，“thus”引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語，“andthenthroughthesecondlayer’sfilter”作狀語，修飾并列句的第二部分。2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程45Notes[4]TheLCDmonitoralsoadoptsLCDcontroltransmittancetechnologicalprinciplesfortheoverallluminousfloor,soitisrealtythecompleteplane.譯文：LCD顯示器還采用液晶控制透光度技術(shù)的原理讓底板整體發(fā)光，所以它真正是完全平面。說明：本句的“fortheoverallluminousfloor”是賓語補(bǔ)足語，“soitisrealtythecompleteplane”是結(jié)果狀語。[5]Suchadevicerequiresacombinedinterfacethatisessentiallytwointerfaces,oneforinputandtheotherforoutput.譯文：這樣的設(shè)備需要一個組合接口，本質(zhì)上是兩個接口，一個用于輸入，另一個用于輸出。說明：本句的“that”引導(dǎo)定語從句。2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程463.2ReadingMaterial1：

——MouseAballinsidethemousetouchesthedesktopandrollswhenthemousemoves.Tworollersinsidethemousetouchtheball.Oneoftherollersisorientedsothatitdetectsmotioninthexdirection,andtheotherisoriented90degreestothefirstrollersoitdetectsmotionintheydirection.Therollerseachconnecttoashaft,andtheshaftspinsadiskwithholesinit.Whenarollerrolls,itsshaftanddiskspin.OneithersideofthediskthereisaninfraredLEDandaninfraredsensor.Anon-boardprocessorchipreadsthepulsesfromtheinfraredsensorsandturnsthemintobinarydatathatthecomputercanunderstand.2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程47Keywordsamazing令人驚異的complimentary互補(bǔ)型motion 移動，動作optical光學(xué)上的rotate輪流，旋轉(zhuǎn)scene場面，場景，景色semiconductor 半導(dǎo)體wheel輪，輪狀物2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程483.3ReadingMaterial2：

——USBAUSBsystemhasanasymmetricdesign,consistingofahostcontrollerandmultipledaisy-chainedperipheraldevices.Whenadeviceisfirstconnected,thehostenumeratesandrecognizesit,andloadsthedevicedriveritneeds.Theconnectorsaredesignedtoberobust.2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程49Keywordsasymmetric不對稱的automatically自動的，機(jī)械的branching分支，分流diverge 分開，分岔enumerate枚舉，列舉，數(shù)explicit明確的，顯而易見的legacy傳統(tǒng)，老化的peripheral外圍的，外設(shè)sheath護(hù)套，外殼，包裝terminate結(jié)束，終止terminology術(shù)語，專門名詞tongue 舌狀物webcam 網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像機(jī)返回2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程50Unit4C++Language4.1TextC++isageneral-purposeprogramminglanguagewithhigh-levelandlow-levelcapabilities.Itisastaticallytyped,free-form,multi-paradigm,usuallycompiledlanguagesupportingproceduralprogramming,dataabstraction,object-orientedprogramming,andgenericprogramming.2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程51C++andCC++isoftenconsideredtobeasupersetofC,butthisisnotstrictlytrue.MostCcodecaneasilybemadetocompilecorrectlyinC++,butthereareafewdifferencesthatcausesomevalidCcodetobeinvalidinC++,ortobehavedifferentlyinC++.C++hasthesametypes,operators,andotherfacilitiesdefinedinCthatusuallycorresponddirectlytocomputerarchitecture.2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程52C++class

TheC++classisanextensionoftheCandC++structtypeandformstherequiredabstractdatatypeforobject-orientedprogramming.InaC++class,youcontrolfunctionaldetailsoftheobjectbyusingprivate,public,orprotecteddescriptors.TheC++classactuallyservesasatemplateorpatternforcreatingobjects.2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程53Keywordsabbreviate縮寫，省略constructor建造者，建設(shè)者facility方便，簡便，機(jī)構(gòu)hierarchy等級，層次inheritance繼承，承受interaction互動，交互，相互作用invoke引起，產(chǎn)生paradigm范例，示例polymorphism多態(tài)性2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程54Keywordsprototype原型，樣板，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)semantics語義學(xué)statically靜止地，靜態(tài)地superset超集syntax語法template模板ultimately最終的，極限的vocabulary詞匯，單詞表2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程55Notes[1]Computers,ontheotherhand,processtheseinstructionsthroughusingspecialprograms,which,knownastranslators,candecodetheinstructionsfrompeopleandcreatemachine-languagecode.譯文：另一方面，計算機(jī)通過使用專門的程序來處理這些指令，這些專門的程序就是我們所熟知的翻譯程序，它能解碼我們發(fā)出的指令并生成機(jī)器語言代碼。說明：本句的“throughusingspecialprograms”是賓語補(bǔ)足語，“which”引導(dǎo)的是非限定性定語從句。2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程56Notes[2]High-levelprogramminglanguages,whilesimplycomparedtohumanlanguages,aremorecomplexthanthelanguagesthecomputeractuallyunderstands,whicharecalledmachinelanguages.譯文：簡單地與人類語言相比，高級程序設(shè)計語言比計算機(jī)實(shí)際識別的語言，也就是機(jī)器語言，復(fù)雜得多。說明：本句的“whilesimplycomparedtohumanlanguages”作狀語，“thecomputeractuallyunderstands”作定語。修飾“l(fā)anguages”，“whicharecalledmachinelanguages”是非限定定語從句。[3]C++allowstheprogrammertocreateclasses,whicharesomewhatsimilartoCstructures.譯文：C++允許程序員創(chuàng)建類，這有些類似于C中的結(jié)構(gòu)。說明：本句中的“which”引導(dǎo)的是非限定性定語從句，修飾“classes”。2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程57Notes[4]Ifdataormethodsarecontainedinthepublicsection,theyareavailableoutsidetheclass.譯文：如果數(shù)據(jù)或方法被包含在公共部分，它們在該類外部也可用。說明：本句由“If”引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。[5]Inheritanceisanimportantconceptsinceitallowsreuseofaclassdefinitionwithoutrequiringmajorcodechanges.譯文：繼承是一個重要概念，因?yàn)樗沟脽o須對代碼做大的改變就能重用類定義。說明：本句由“since”引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程584.2ReadingMaterial1：

——TheWindowsProgrammingModelMessageprocessingTheWindowsgraphicsdeviceinterfaceResource-basedprogrammingDynamiclinklibrariesTheWin32applicationprogramminginterface2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程59Keywordsattach附上，使附屬button按鈕coordinate坐標(biāo)，協(xié)調(diào)的，同等的dynamically動態(tài)地modularity模塊性，積木性offer提供，提議reference參考，加注2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程604.3ReadingMaterial2：

——VisualBasicVisualBasicallowsyoutodoeventdrivenprogramming.VisualBasichasmanydifferenteventsdefinedthatoccurwhenaspecifiedthinghappens.Weastheprogrammercanlinkintotheseeventsandwriteourcustomcodetodowhatwewant.MsgBoxisabuilt-inVisualBasicfunctionthatcausesamessageboxtobedisplayedtotheuser.2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程61Keywordsambiguous含糊的，不明確的caption標(biāo)題，題目control控件foundation基礎(chǔ)，根本intrinsic本來的，內(nèi)在的reusable可重用的sane合乎情理的，穩(wěn)健的tutorial指導(dǎo)，輔導(dǎo)的variable變量，變換的返回2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程62Unit5OperatingSystem5.1TextOperatingsystemsarenormallyuniquetotheirmanufacturersandthehardwareinwhichtheyarerun.TheOScontrolshowtheCPUcommunicateswithotherhardwarecomponents.Italsomakescomputerseasiertooperatebypeoplewhodon’tunderstandprogramminglanguages.2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程63Theoperatingsystemhassomeprincipalfunctions

Allocatingandassigningsystemresources.Schedulingtheuseofresourcesandcomputerjobs.Monitoringcomputersystemactivities.ControlofI/Ooperations2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程64ThetypesofOSReal-timeoperatingsystem.Single-user,single-taskoperatingsystem.Single-user,multi-taskingoperatingsystem.Multi-useroperatingsystem.2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程65Keywordsactivate使活動，起動assignment分配，指定categorize把…分類community團(tuán)體，共同組織compatible相容的，兼容的effectively有效地，實(shí)質(zhì)上地extremely極端地，非常地navigation導(dǎo)航notify通知，通告oversee監(jiān)督，監(jiān)視precisely準(zhǔn)確地，清楚地2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程66Keywordsprincipal主要的，重要的responsible有責(zé)任的retrieve檢索，恢復(fù)schedule程序表，進(jìn)度，計劃separate分離，離開，隔開termination末端，終點(diǎn)undergo經(jīng)受，經(jīng)歷undertake承擔(dān)，承辦vital重大的，緊要的2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程67Notes[1]Thoughoperationalsoftwarevarieswithmanufacturers,ithassimilarcharacteristics.譯文：盡管各廠家的操作系統(tǒng)軟件各不相同，但特性都是相似的。說明：本句的“Though”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。[2]Theoperatingsystemdetermineswhichcomputerresourceswillbeusedforsolvingwhichproblemsandtheorderinwhichtheywillbeused.譯文：操作系統(tǒng)決定調(diào)用解決某個問題所需要的計算機(jī)資源及資源的使用順序。說明：本句的“which”引導(dǎo)賓語從句。2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程68Notes[3]TofacilitateexecutionofI/Ooperations,mostoperatingsystemshaveastandardsetofcontrolinstructionstohandletheprocessingofallinputandoutputinstructions.譯文：為便于I/O的執(zhí)行，大多數(shù)操作系統(tǒng)都有一套標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的控制指令集來處理所有輸入輸出指令。說明：本句的“TofacilitateexecutionofI/Ooperations”是目的狀語，“tohandletheprocessingofallinputandoutputinstructions”作賓語補(bǔ)足語。2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程69Notes[4]Microsoft’sWindowsandApple’sMacOSplatformsarebothexamplesofsingle-user,multi-taskingoperatingsystemsthatwillletasingleuserforaWindowstoeditatextinawordprocessorwhiledownloadingafilefromtheInternetwhileprintingthetextofanE-mailmessage.譯文：微軟公司的Windows和蘋果公司的MacOS平臺都是單用戶、多任務(wù)操作系統(tǒng)的例子。例如，Windows操作系統(tǒng)用戶就完全可能做到一邊從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上下載文件，一邊打印電子郵件的信息，一邊還在用文字處理器編輯文本。說明：這是一個長句，可以拆成兩句。其中“bothexamples”作表語，“single-user,multi-taskingoperatingsystems”作表語的定語，由“that”引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾“single-user,multi-taskingoperatingsystems”。2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程70Notes[5]Theoperatingsystemmustmakesurethattherequirementsofthevarioususersarebalanced,andthateachoftheprogramstheyareusinghassufficientandseparateresourcessothataproblemwithoneuserdoesn’taffecttheentirecommunityofusers.譯文：多用戶操作系統(tǒng)必須保證不同用戶的需求的平衡，每一個用戶所使用的程序有獨(dú)立的足夠的資源，這樣一個用戶的問題不會影響到整個用戶群體。說明：本句有兩個并列的由“that”引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，“sothat”引導(dǎo)的是目的狀語從句。2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程715.2ReadingMaterial1：

——WindowsVistaWindowsVistaisthelatestgenerationofMicrosoft’soperatingsystem.Vista’sminimumsystemrequirementsaresignificantbutstillrelativelymodest.Theyconsistofa“modern”800MHzprocessor,512MBofRAManda20GBharddrive.WindowsVistaprovidesnewamazinggraphicsfunctions.2023/10/27計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程72Keywordsantiphishing反釣魚軟件boost幫助，促進(jìn)，提高calendar日歷confidently確信地，自信地drill操作，操練enhancement增強(qiáng)，增值，提高exclusively除外的，專有的gallery