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Unit

1Section

AFamous

Universities

in

the

World陳曉明MonologueConversationPassage□Passage

1□I.

4-8-1-7-2-9-4-3-6-10□II.□1

.

10,000;

3,500□2

.

details;

involved□3

.

subject

requirements;

qualificatio□4

.

processes

all

applications□5.

achieve;

confirmedPassage2□1.1853□2.distinctive□3.academic□4.freedom,

honesty,

openness

and

rigor□5.research□6.to

strengthen

its

core

intellectualdisciplines□7.teaching□8.to

attract

the

brighteststudentPassage2□9.

public-spirited□10.

declares

its

intention□11

.

serve

public

ends□12.

based

on

evidence

and

reason□13

.

internationally

engaged□14.

undertakes

to

work

with□1

5.

to

meet

global

challengesLecture□1.

was

founded;

in

1827;

institution□2.

affiliated

teaching

hospitals;

Faculty□3.

Canada’s;

an

international

reputation;

agreater

range

of

courses

than□4.

liberal

arts

education;

insistence

on;graduate

education;

doctoral

candidates□5.

quality

and

range;

attract

students;province;

country;

abroadCultural

Link□1.Ivy

League常春藤聯(lián)盟大學(xué)□An

association

of

eight

universities

and

colleges

in

thenortheast

United

States,

comprising

Brown,

Columbia,Cornell,

Dartmouth,

Harvard,

Princeton,

the

UniversityPennsylvania,

and

Yale.Cultural

Link□2.

Harvard-Yale

Regatta□The

Harvard-Yale

Boat

Race

or

Harvard-Yale

Regatta

is

anannual

rowing

race

between

Yale

and

Harvarduniversities.

First

contested

in

1852

,

annually

since

1except

during

major

wars

fought

by

the

United

States,the

Race

is

America’s

oldest

collegiate

athleticcompetition,

predating

the

Game

by

23

years.

Originallyrowed

on

Lake

Winnipesaukee,

New

Hampshire,

it

hassince

moved

to

the

Thames

River,

New

London,Connecticut.Cultural

Link□3.

The

Nobel

Prize□The

Nobel

Prize

was

established

in

accordance

with

thewill

of

Alfred

Nobel—inventor

of

dynamite

and

holderof

more

than

350

patents.

Awarded

annually

since1901,

the

Nobel

Prize

is

the

first

annual

internationalaward

to

recognize

achievements

in

Physics,

Medicine,Chemistry,

Peace

and

Literature.Cultural

Link□3.

The

Nobel

PrizeNobel

prizes

have

been

awarded

to

members

ofCambridge

University

for

significant

advances

as

diverseas

the

discovery

of

the

structure

of

DNA,

thedevelopment

of

a

national

income

accounting

system,the

mastery

of

an

epic

and

narrative

psychological

artand

the

discovery

of

penicillin.Cultural

Link□4.

University

of

Cambridge

and

Nobel

Prize

Winners□The

University

of

Cambridge

has

more

Nobel

Prize

winners

thanany

other

institution.81

affiliates

of

the

University

of

Cambridge

have

won

theNobel

Prize

since

1904.Affiliates

have

won

in

every

category,

with

29

Nobel

prizesPhysics,

22

in

Medicine,

19

in

Chemistry,

7

in

Economics,

2

inLiterature

and

2

in

Peace.Unit

1Section

BImmune

SystemOutlineWord

Building

Power□immuno-:immune免疫的immunity免疫性□carcin-(carcino-):cancer癌Word

Building

Power□immunogenic:產(chǎn)生免疫的□immunogenetics:免疫遺傳學(xué)□immunopathology:免疫病理學(xué)□immunoproliferative:免疫增生的□immunobiology:免疫生物學(xué)□immunochemistry:免疫化學(xué)□immunosuppressant:免疫抑制劑□Immunotherapeutic:免疫療法的□acquired

immunity:獲得性免疫(后天免疫)Word

Building

Power□artificial

immunity:人工免疫□congenital

immunity:先天免疫(某一個體出生時所具有的免疫)□herd

immunity(community

immunity):群體免疫(流行病學(xué)概念)□passive

immunity:被動免疫□im

munosuppression:免疫抑制(借助抗代謝藥物,或輻射,或使用抗淋巴細(xì)胞血清或環(huán)孢毒素使免

疫反應(yīng)抑制以防止移植物或器官移植物的排斥。

又作immunodepression)Word

Building

Power□immunotherapy:免疫療法□active

immunity:主動免疫□cell-mediated

immunity:細(xì)胞免疫(細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)性免疫)□cross

immunity:交叉免疫□local

immunity:局部免疫□maternal

immunity:母源免疫□protective

immunity:保護性免疫Word

Building

Power□cancer:癌(瘤)□cancerous:與癌(瘤)有關(guān)的□carcinoma:癌(惡性上脾性腫瘤,為癌瘤最常見類型)□carcinomatosis

(carcinosis):癌病(廣泛播散全身的癌)□tumor:腫瘤(因細(xì)胞進(jìn)行性地、不受控制地增生所形成的一個腫塊性病變,即新生物。良性腫瘤保持

在局部,而惡性腫瘤則侵潤臨近組織,并經(jīng)淋巴或

血流播散,在其他組織和器官產(chǎn)生繼發(fā)性(轉(zhuǎn)移性)瘤塊)Word

Building

Power□neoplasm:腫瘤,新生物(指一種由增殖細(xì)胞構(gòu)成的良性或惡性的擴展性損害)□malignant

tumor:惡性腫瘤□malignant

neoplasm:惡性腫瘤□benign

tumor:良性腫瘤□benign

neoplasm:良性腫瘤□onco-(onc-):腫瘤□oncology:腫學(xué)瘤Word

Building

Power□oncogenesis:(腫)瘤形成,(腫)瘤發(fā)生□oncologist:腫瘤學(xué)家□sarcoma:肉瘤(結(jié)締組織或間充質(zhì)細(xì)胞,如纖維組織、脂肪組織、肌肉組織、血管、淋巴管、滑膜組織、骨和軟骨組織構(gòu)成的一種惡性腫瘤,其準(zhǔn)確命名取決于組織的類型,如纖維肉瘤(fibrosarcoma)、脂肉瘤(liposarcoma)、血管肉瘤(angiosarcoma)或骨肉瘤(osteosarcoma))□sarcomatosis

(sarcosis):肉瘤病Word

Building

Power□II.□art

therapy:藝術(shù)療法□behavior

therapy:行為療法□gene

therapy:基因療法□speech

therapy:言語療法□Gestalt

therapy:格式塔療法□radiotherapy:放射療法□immunotherapy:免疫療法□hydrotherapy:水療□psychotherapy:心理療法Word

Building

Power□II.□hyperbaric

oxygen

therapy:高壓氧療法□su

pplementary

X-ray

therapy:X射線輔助療法□chemotherapy:化療□physiotherapy:理療□sympathicotherapy:交感神經(jīng)刺激療法□sclerotherapy:硬化療法(應(yīng)用硬化溶液閉塞患病血管的一種療法)Watching

and

Doing□Background

Informationabout

Immune

System

andNatural

Killer

Cells□The

immune

system

protects

the

body

against

infectionsby

bacteria,

viruses

and

other

parasites.

It

is

really

acollection

of

responses

that

the

body

makes

to

infectionSo

it

is

sometimes

called

the

“immune

response”.

NaturKiller

Cells

(or

NK

cells)

are

a

type

of

cytotoxic

lymphoccritical

to

the

innate

immune

system.

NK

cells

providerapid

responses

to

virally

infected

cells

and

respond

totumor

formation,

acting

at

around

3

days

after

infectionWatching

and

Doing□Background

Informationabout

Immune

System

andNatural

Killer

Cells□Typically

immune

cells

detect

MHC

presented

on

infectedcell

surfaces,

triggering

cytokine

release,

causing

lysapoptosis.

NK

cells

are

unique,

however,

as

they

have

theability

to

recognize

stressed

cells

in

the

absence

ofantibodies

and

MHC,

allowing

for

a

much

faster

immunereaction.

They

were

named

“natural

killers”

because

ofthe

initial

notion

that

they

do

not

require

activation

inorder

to

kill

cells

that

are

missing

“self

markers

ofhistocompatibility

complex

(MHC)

class

1.Watching

and

Doing□Background

Information

about

Medical

Therapies□therapy

(e.g.the

treatment

of

an

illness

or

injury

over

fairly

long

period

of

time)意為“治療,療法”,指的是對疾病的系統(tǒng)治療或改善健康的方法。該詞常與表示用藥方式或治療目的的構(gòu)詞成分連用。常見的如下:□adoptive

therapy繼承性免疫療法。使用從另一種群或同種的另一個體取得的特異性抗體或使用取之于同種(最好是同基因的)成員的淋巴細(xì)胞治療疾病的方法。Watching

and

Doing□Background

Information

about

Medical

Therapies□art

therapy藝術(shù)療法。應(yīng)用藝術(shù)如舞蹈、音樂、繪畫和雕塑,單獨或聯(lián)合應(yīng)用,作為精神病治療的輔助方法,為精神病人遠(yuǎn)離病組或參加群體活動、達(dá)到可見的目標(biāo)以及增強自尊提供機會?!鮞ehavior

therapy行為療法。該療法根據(jù)實驗心理學(xué)技術(shù)治療與行為有關(guān)的疾病或問題。理論上認(rèn)為不良行為是由于錯誤學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)果,這些不良行為能夠通過再學(xué)習(xí)如厭惡療法、生物反饋法、行為塑造法、系統(tǒng)脫敏以及象征性獎勵法來糾正。又稱作learning-theory

therapy,

conditioning

therapyWatching

and

Doing□Background

Information

about

Medical

Therapies□genetherapy基因療法。為了糾正特定的基因缺陷將一個或多個特定的基因引入機體的體細(xì)胞、生殖譜系細(xì)胞或兩者內(nèi)?!鮃estalt

therapy格式塔療法。這是一種心理療法,強調(diào)反應(yīng)中的整體性并強調(diào)在局部經(jīng)驗和背景經(jīng)驗之間的

意義方面取得適當(dāng)?shù)钠胶狻!鮤yperbaric

oxygen

therapy高壓氧療法。應(yīng)用比正常大氣壓更多的含氧空氣作治療。Watching

and

Doing□Background

Information

about

Medical

Therapies□immunotherapy免疫療法。通過給病人使用從另一個體或另一種群獲得的抗體治療疾病,也被稱作被動療法;或者通過使用對該病相應(yīng)的抗原使病人獲得免疫的方法治療疾病,也被稱作主動免疫療法。□supplementary

X-ray

therapy

X射線輔助療法。該療法是指對已經(jīng)施行鐳或其他放射性制劑治療的某些器官或身體的某些部位做輔助性的X射

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