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Unit
1Section
AFamous
Universities
in
the
World陳曉明MonologueConversationPassage□Passage
1□I.
4-8-1-7-2-9-4-3-6-10□II.□1
.
10,000;
3,500□2
.
details;
involved□3
.
subject
requirements;
qualificatio□4
.
processes
all
applications□5.
achieve;
confirmedPassage2□1.1853□2.distinctive□3.academic□4.freedom,
honesty,
openness
and
rigor□5.research□6.to
strengthen
its
core
intellectualdisciplines□7.teaching□8.to
attract
the
brighteststudentPassage2□9.
public-spirited□10.
declares
its
intention□11
.
serve
public
ends□12.
based
on
evidence
and
reason□13
.
internationally
engaged□14.
undertakes
to
work
with□1
5.
to
meet
global
challengesLecture□1.
was
founded;
in
1827;
institution□2.
affiliated
teaching
hospitals;
Faculty□3.
Canada’s;
an
international
reputation;
agreater
range
of
courses
than□4.
liberal
arts
education;
insistence
on;graduate
education;
doctoral
candidates□5.
quality
and
range;
attract
students;province;
country;
abroadCultural
Link□1.Ivy
League常春藤聯(lián)盟大學(xué)□An
association
of
eight
universities
and
colleges
in
thenortheast
United
States,
comprising
Brown,
Columbia,Cornell,
Dartmouth,
Harvard,
Princeton,
the
UniversityPennsylvania,
and
Yale.Cultural
Link□2.
Harvard-Yale
Regatta□The
Harvard-Yale
Boat
Race
or
Harvard-Yale
Regatta
is
anannual
rowing
race
between
Yale
and
Harvarduniversities.
First
contested
in
1852
,
annually
since
1except
during
major
wars
fought
by
the
United
States,the
Race
is
America’s
oldest
collegiate
athleticcompetition,
predating
the
Game
by
23
years.
Originallyrowed
on
Lake
Winnipesaukee,
New
Hampshire,
it
hassince
moved
to
the
Thames
River,
New
London,Connecticut.Cultural
Link□3.
The
Nobel
Prize□The
Nobel
Prize
was
established
in
accordance
with
thewill
of
Alfred
Nobel—inventor
of
dynamite
and
holderof
more
than
350
patents.
Awarded
annually
since1901,
the
Nobel
Prize
is
the
first
annual
internationalaward
to
recognize
achievements
in
Physics,
Medicine,Chemistry,
Peace
and
Literature.Cultural
Link□3.
The
Nobel
PrizeNobel
prizes
have
been
awarded
to
members
ofCambridge
University
for
significant
advances
as
diverseas
the
discovery
of
the
structure
of
DNA,
thedevelopment
of
a
national
income
accounting
system,the
mastery
of
an
epic
and
narrative
psychological
artand
the
discovery
of
penicillin.Cultural
Link□4.
University
of
Cambridge
and
Nobel
Prize
Winners□The
University
of
Cambridge
has
more
Nobel
Prize
winners
thanany
other
institution.81
affiliates
of
the
University
of
Cambridge
have
won
theNobel
Prize
since
1904.Affiliates
have
won
in
every
category,
with
29
Nobel
prizesPhysics,
22
in
Medicine,
19
in
Chemistry,
7
in
Economics,
2
inLiterature
and
2
in
Peace.Unit
1Section
BImmune
SystemOutlineWord
Building
Power□immuno-:immune免疫的immunity免疫性□carcin-(carcino-):cancer癌Word
Building
Power□immunogenic:產(chǎn)生免疫的□immunogenetics:免疫遺傳學(xué)□immunopathology:免疫病理學(xué)□immunoproliferative:免疫增生的□immunobiology:免疫生物學(xué)□immunochemistry:免疫化學(xué)□immunosuppressant:免疫抑制劑□Immunotherapeutic:免疫療法的□acquired
immunity:獲得性免疫(后天免疫)Word
Building
Power□artificial
immunity:人工免疫□congenital
immunity:先天免疫(某一個體出生時所具有的免疫)□herd
immunity(community
immunity):群體免疫(流行病學(xué)概念)□passive
immunity:被動免疫□im
munosuppression:免疫抑制(借助抗代謝藥物,或輻射,或使用抗淋巴細(xì)胞血清或環(huán)孢毒素使免
疫反應(yīng)抑制以防止移植物或器官移植物的排斥。
又作immunodepression)Word
Building
Power□immunotherapy:免疫療法□active
immunity:主動免疫□cell-mediated
immunity:細(xì)胞免疫(細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)性免疫)□cross
immunity:交叉免疫□local
immunity:局部免疫□maternal
immunity:母源免疫□protective
immunity:保護性免疫Word
Building
Power□cancer:癌(瘤)□cancerous:與癌(瘤)有關(guān)的□carcinoma:癌(惡性上脾性腫瘤,為癌瘤最常見類型)□carcinomatosis
(carcinosis):癌病(廣泛播散全身的癌)□tumor:腫瘤(因細(xì)胞進(jìn)行性地、不受控制地增生所形成的一個腫塊性病變,即新生物。良性腫瘤保持
在局部,而惡性腫瘤則侵潤臨近組織,并經(jīng)淋巴或
血流播散,在其他組織和器官產(chǎn)生繼發(fā)性(轉(zhuǎn)移性)瘤塊)Word
Building
Power□neoplasm:腫瘤,新生物(指一種由增殖細(xì)胞構(gòu)成的良性或惡性的擴展性損害)□malignant
tumor:惡性腫瘤□malignant
neoplasm:惡性腫瘤□benign
tumor:良性腫瘤□benign
neoplasm:良性腫瘤□onco-(onc-):腫瘤□oncology:腫學(xué)瘤Word
Building
Power□oncogenesis:(腫)瘤形成,(腫)瘤發(fā)生□oncologist:腫瘤學(xué)家□sarcoma:肉瘤(結(jié)締組織或間充質(zhì)細(xì)胞,如纖維組織、脂肪組織、肌肉組織、血管、淋巴管、滑膜組織、骨和軟骨組織構(gòu)成的一種惡性腫瘤,其準(zhǔn)確命名取決于組織的類型,如纖維肉瘤(fibrosarcoma)、脂肉瘤(liposarcoma)、血管肉瘤(angiosarcoma)或骨肉瘤(osteosarcoma))□sarcomatosis
(sarcosis):肉瘤病Word
Building
Power□II.□art
therapy:藝術(shù)療法□behavior
therapy:行為療法□gene
therapy:基因療法□speech
therapy:言語療法□Gestalt
therapy:格式塔療法□radiotherapy:放射療法□immunotherapy:免疫療法□hydrotherapy:水療□psychotherapy:心理療法Word
Building
Power□II.□hyperbaric
oxygen
therapy:高壓氧療法□su
pplementary
X-ray
therapy:X射線輔助療法□chemotherapy:化療□physiotherapy:理療□sympathicotherapy:交感神經(jīng)刺激療法□sclerotherapy:硬化療法(應(yīng)用硬化溶液閉塞患病血管的一種療法)Watching
and
Doing□Background
Informationabout
Immune
System
andNatural
Killer
Cells□The
immune
system
protects
the
body
against
infectionsby
bacteria,
viruses
and
other
parasites.
It
is
really
acollection
of
responses
that
the
body
makes
to
infectionSo
it
is
sometimes
called
the
“immune
response”.
NaturKiller
Cells
(or
NK
cells)
are
a
type
of
cytotoxic
lymphoccritical
to
the
innate
immune
system.
NK
cells
providerapid
responses
to
virally
infected
cells
and
respond
totumor
formation,
acting
at
around
3
days
after
infectionWatching
and
Doing□Background
Informationabout
Immune
System
andNatural
Killer
Cells□Typically
immune
cells
detect
MHC
presented
on
infectedcell
surfaces,
triggering
cytokine
release,
causing
lysapoptosis.
NK
cells
are
unique,
however,
as
they
have
theability
to
recognize
stressed
cells
in
the
absence
ofantibodies
and
MHC,
allowing
for
a
much
faster
immunereaction.
They
were
named
“natural
killers”
because
ofthe
initial
notion
that
they
do
not
require
activation
inorder
to
kill
cells
that
are
missing
“self
”
markers
ofhistocompatibility
complex
(MHC)
class
1.Watching
and
Doing□Background
Information
about
Medical
Therapies□therapy
(e.g.the
treatment
of
an
illness
or
injury
over
fairly
long
period
of
time)意為“治療,療法”,指的是對疾病的系統(tǒng)治療或改善健康的方法。該詞常與表示用藥方式或治療目的的構(gòu)詞成分連用。常見的如下:□adoptive
therapy繼承性免疫療法。使用從另一種群或同種的另一個體取得的特異性抗體或使用取之于同種(最好是同基因的)成員的淋巴細(xì)胞治療疾病的方法。Watching
and
Doing□Background
Information
about
Medical
Therapies□art
therapy藝術(shù)療法。應(yīng)用藝術(shù)如舞蹈、音樂、繪畫和雕塑,單獨或聯(lián)合應(yīng)用,作為精神病治療的輔助方法,為精神病人遠(yuǎn)離病組或參加群體活動、達(dá)到可見的目標(biāo)以及增強自尊提供機會?!鮞ehavior
therapy行為療法。該療法根據(jù)實驗心理學(xué)技術(shù)治療與行為有關(guān)的疾病或問題。理論上認(rèn)為不良行為是由于錯誤學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)果,這些不良行為能夠通過再學(xué)習(xí)如厭惡療法、生物反饋法、行為塑造法、系統(tǒng)脫敏以及象征性獎勵法來糾正。又稱作learning-theory
therapy,
conditioning
therapyWatching
and
Doing□Background
Information
about
Medical
Therapies□genetherapy基因療法。為了糾正特定的基因缺陷將一個或多個特定的基因引入機體的體細(xì)胞、生殖譜系細(xì)胞或兩者內(nèi)?!鮃estalt
therapy格式塔療法。這是一種心理療法,強調(diào)反應(yīng)中的整體性并強調(diào)在局部經(jīng)驗和背景經(jīng)驗之間的
意義方面取得適當(dāng)?shù)钠胶狻!鮤yperbaric
oxygen
therapy高壓氧療法。應(yīng)用比正常大氣壓更多的含氧空氣作治療。Watching
and
Doing□Background
Information
about
Medical
Therapies□immunotherapy免疫療法。通過給病人使用從另一個體或另一種群獲得的抗體治療疾病,也被稱作被動療法;或者通過使用對該病相應(yīng)的抗原使病人獲得免疫的方法治療疾病,也被稱作主動免疫療法。□supplementary
X-ray
therapy
X射線輔助療法。該療法是指對已經(jīng)施行鐳或其他放射性制劑治療的某些器官或身體的某些部位做輔助性的X射
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