正誤判斷42022屆高三英語(yǔ)閱讀專項(xiàng)拆分訓(xùn)練

2022屆高三閱讀專項(xiàng)拆分訓(xùn)練——正誤判斷類【4】【1】Anytimeweburnfossilfuels,we'repumpingfineparticulatematter(細(xì)顆粒物)fromoil,gasandothertoxins(毒素)intotheair."Someofthesecarbonparticlescanpersistinthelungsfordecades,"saysDr.DonSin,arespirologist(呼吸學(xué)家)anddirectoroftheCentreforHeartLungInnovationinVancouver.Over7,000Canadiansdiedfromcomplicationsduetopoorairqualityin2022.AstudyintheEuropeanHeartJournalearlierthisyearfoundthatairpollutionnowkills8.8millionpeopleworldwideperyear—morethantobaccosmoking.Sinaddsthatwomen'slungsseemparticularlyeasytogetcancerfrompollution.Currently,10,000Canadianwomendieoflungcancereveryyear,and15percentofnewcasesarepeoplewhohaveneversmoked."InCanada,lung-cancerdeathsinfemalenon-smokerswillverysoonprobablyoutnumberthedeathsfrombreastcancer,becauselungcancerissodeadly,"hesays.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?15percentofCanadianwomenhaveneversmoked. 1,000Canadianwomendieoflungcancereveryyear.Airpollutionhaskilled8.8millionpeopleintheworld. Over7,000Canadiansdiedasaresultofairpollutionin2022.【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的Over7,000Canadiansdiedfromcomplicationsduetopoorairqualityin2022.在2022年，超過(guò)7,000名加拿大人死于空氣質(zhì)量差引起的并發(fā)癥。故選D?！?】KnapofHowarOneoftheoldestbuildingsintheworldistheKnapofHowar,whichdatesbackto3700—3500BCE.Thefarmhouseisoneoftheoldest,still-standingstonehousesinEurope.ArchaeologistssayIrishorScottishmonkscouldbethefirstbuildersandresidentsoftheKnapofHowar.GgantijaTemplesTheMegalithicTemplesofMalta,ortheGgantijaTemples,datebackto3600to3200BCE.ThetwotemplesontheislandofMaltaareUNESCOWorldHeritagesites.It'soneoftheoldestfree-standingmonumentsintheworld.Shunetel-ZebibShunetel-Zebibispartiallystanding,butmostlyinruins.It'sstill,however,oneoftheoldestbuildingsintheworld.TheEgyptiantemplebuiltin2750BCEisofmudandbrick.Ithasanundergroundtombaswellasanabove-groundcomplex.TombofCyrusBuiltin530BCE,theTombofCyrusisoneofIran'sWorldHeritageSitesandoneoftheoldestbuildingsontheplanet.It'salsobelievedtobeoneofthefirstearthquake-protectedstructuresintheworld,accordingtoAtlasObscura.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?Shunetel-Zebibisearthquakeprotected. B.TombofCyrushasanundergroundtomb.C.GgantijaTemplesarebuiltbyIrishmonks. D.KnapofHowarmaybetheoldestbuildingamongthefour.【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)KnapofHowar部分中的OneoftheoldestbuildingsintheworldistheKnapofHowar,whichdatesbackto3700—3500BCE.及其他三個(gè)建筑的時(shí)間可知，世界上最古老的建筑之一是霍沃爾小山，它可以追溯到公元前3700—3500年。所以霍沃爾小山是這四幢建筑中最古老的。故選D?！?】Karatewillshowyoualotofsimpleandeffectivetechniquestoprotectyourself,givingyouincreaseself-confidence.Fartoomanypeoplethinkmartialarts(武術(shù))areaboutviolence.Martialartstrainingisbasedonalotofrespect,self-discipline,self-controlandnon-violence.Welearnbasicetiquette(禮節(jié)),courtesy(禮儀)andtolerance.Goodmannersandconsiderationforothersareexpectedatalltimes.Karateisthepracticeofblockingandstrikingtechniquesforthepurposeofself-defence,healthandself-development.Karateexercisestheentirebody.RegulartraininginKarateimprovesthebody'sphysicalenduranceandflexibility.Italsohelpsconcentrationandproducesthementalcalmandassurancethatcomefromknowingwecandefendourselves.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutKarateistrue?Itcultivatespeople'srespectforthemselvesaswellasforothers. B.Itinvolvespeople'sarmmusclesmorethanbodymusclesC.Itmakespeoplehealthyphysicallyinsteadofmentally. D.Itfocusesasmuchonself-defenceasonattack.【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)第二段的Welearnbasicetiquette,courtesyandtolerance.Goodmannersandconsiderationforothersareexpectedatalltimes.可知，跆拳道能夠培養(yǎng)人的自尊，禮儀，和為他人著想的思維。A項(xiàng)“它培養(yǎng)人們對(duì)自己和他人的尊重”符合以上說(shuō)法。故選A?！?】Everymorning,BenMumfordstartshisschooldaywithmath.Attheageoften,heisalreadyworkingatGCSElevel.Hereadsmorebooksthanmostofhisfriends,studiesscienceonthebeach,andrecentlybuiltago-kart(卡丁車)inatechnologylesson.Benishappyandfulfilled,all,hismotherbelieves,thankstohomeschooling.Homeschoolingisnotwhatitusedtobe.Thenumberofhomeschooledchildrenhasrisenbyabout40percentoverthreeyears.Hereareahandfulofreasonswhyhomeschoolingmakessenseinthe21stcentury.Contrarytothename,homeschoolingtakesplaceinanactualhomeonlyasmallpartoftime.Agreatdealofinstructionhappensinlibraries,museumsandcommunitycolleges.Theseexperienceshavetheeffectofhelpingkidsmaturemuchmorequicklyanddevelopingacharacteristicofopen-mindedness.Thekeyideaofhomeschoolingisthatkidsneedtolearnatthespeed,andinthestyle,mostappropriateforthem.Withoutformalcurriculumtoguidetheireducation,homeschoolersgetthechancetoexplorearangeoftopicsthatmightnotbenormallyoffereduntilhighschoolorcollege.Theycanstudypsychologyinthefourthgrade,orfinanceintheeighthgrade.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?Homeschoolersgrowupmorequickly. B.Homeschoolershavetroublemakingfriends.C.Homeschooledchildrenlearninthewaytheylike. D.Homeschooledchildrenjuststayathomeandgetknowledge.【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)第三段中的Agreatdealofinstruction...anddevelopingacharacteristicofopen-mindedness.可知，這些經(jīng)歷能幫助孩子們更快地成熟，并培養(yǎng)出開放的思想。由此可知，在家上學(xué)者可以更迅速地成長(zhǎng)。故選A。【5】AsRobertWinstontookatrain,awomanhadpickedupherphoneandbegunaloudconversation.Furious,Winstontookherpictureandsentittohis40,000followersonTweet.Whenthetrainarrivedatitsdestination,Winstonrushedout.He'dhadenoughofthewoman'srudeness.Butthepresswerenowwaitingforherontheplatform.AndwhentheyshowedherWinston'smessages,sheusedjustonewordtodescribeWinston'sactions:rude.Winston'staleissomethingofamicrocosm(縮影)ofourageofincreasingrudeness.Whatcanwedotofixthis?Wemustcombatrudenessheadon.ForWinston,thatwouldhavemeantapproachingthewoman,tellingherthatherconversationwasfrustratingotherpassengersandpolitelyaskinghertospeakmorequietly.Whenweseeitoccurinastore,wemuststepupandsaysomething.Ifithappenstoacolleague,wemustpointitout.Wemustdefendstrangersinthesamewaywe'ddefendourbestfriends.Butwecandoitwithgrace,byhandlingitwithoutatraceofaggressionandwithoutbeingrudeourselves.Becauseoncerudepeoplecanseetheiractionsthroughtheeyesofothers,theyarefarmorelikelytoendthatstrainthemselves.Asthistideofrudenessrises,civilizationneedscivility.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaboutthelastparagraph?Wecanonlypointoutrudenessfromfamiliarpeople. B.Rudenessandmannerscanhardlycoexistincivilizedsociety.C.Bothstrangersandacquaintancesdeserveourfriendlywarning. D.Rudepeoplecan'tseetheirrudenessthroughothers'eyes.【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)最后一段中的Wemustdefendstrangersinthesamewaywe'ddefendourbestfriends.可知，我們必須保護(hù)陌生人，就像保護(hù)我們最好的朋友一樣。由此可知，C選項(xiàng)“陌生人和熟人都值得我們友好地警告。”與文意相符。故選C?！?】TheimportanceofreadingliteratureoftenseemslostonmanyChinesepeople.Evenexpertsineducationthinkthatthefirstgoalofeducationistoencouragealoveoflearning.Thereisthereforethepossibilityofsomethingwrongwiththewaystudentsaretaughthere.Whyshouldtheyreadliterature?Dostorieshavevaluecomparedwiththereadingandlearningoffacts?Studiesshowclearlythatthemostpowerfulwaysoflearningarebyexperience,actionanddoingexperimentsandtakingrisks.Yettherearesomanyimportantthingstolearnthatcannotbelearnedintheseways:feelings,problemsolving,dangerandrelationships,forexample.Researchintothishasshownhowdeepreadingisavaluableexperiencedifferenttoalearningofwordsorfacts.Keen(熱心的)readersofliteratureshowabetterunderstandingofothers.Theirabilitiestomakegooddecisionsareraised.Youngchildrenwhoenjoyaparentreadingstoriestothemshowgreaterawareness(意識(shí))whentheyreachschoolage.WhichisnotamongthemostpowerfulwaysoflearningaccordingtoParagraph2?A.Byexperience. B.Bytakingrisks. C.Byreadingdeeply. D.Bydoingexperiments.【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的Studiesshowclearlythatthemostpowerfulwaysoflearningarebyexperience,actionanddoingexperimentsandtakingrisks.可知，深度閱讀不是第二段提及的有效方法。故選C?！?】TheGoldenGateBridgeisasuspensionbridge(懸索橋)spanningtheGoldenGate,thestraitbetweenSanFranciscoandMarinCountytothenorth.ItisthemasterworkofarchitectJosephB.Strauss,whosestatuegracesthesouthernobservationdeck.Thebridgetooksevenyearstobuild,andwascompletedin1937.TheGoldenGateBridgeusedtobethelongestsuspensionbridgespanintheworld.AndtodayithasbecomeoneofthemostpopulartouristattractionsinSanFranciscoandCalifornia.Sinceitscompletion,thespanlengthhasbeensurpassedbyeightotherbridges.Thefamousred-orangecolorofthebridgewasspecificallychosentomakethebridgemoreeasilyvisiblethroughthethickfogthatfrequentlycoversthebridge.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEabouttheGoldenGateBridge?Thespanlengthranksthe8thintheworld. B.Itscolorenablestravelerstoseeiteasilyonfoggydays.C.ItisthemostpopulartouristattractioninAmerica. D.IttookJosephB.Strauss7yearstodesignthebridge.【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)Thefamousred-orangecolor...coversthebridge.可知，金門大橋的紅橙色是特意選出來(lái)的，為了讓人們能更容易透過(guò)厚厚的霧看清橋上的狀況。故選B。【8】Itseemsthatrankingfilmswellisalwaysatoughtask.Superherofilmsareevenmoreso.Recently,TheGuardian(衛(wèi)報(bào))hasselectedthreeofthemostpopularMarvelfilms.