8B被動語態(tài)專項

牛津8B被動語態(tài)專項一、被動語態(tài)的含義1.英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表達主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表達主語是動作的承受者。如：①Theybuiltanewbridgeovertheriver.(主動)→Anewbridgewasbuiltovertheriverbythem.(被動)②ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(主動)→Englishisspokenbymanypeople.(被動)2.漢語中慣用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表達被動，而英語用“助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成”，即“be＋p.p.”，其中助動詞be有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化。二.被動語態(tài)的基本構(gòu)造⒈動作的承受者＋be＋過去分詞＋其它＋by＋動作的執(zhí)行者。簡寫為“承受者＋be＋過去分詞＋其它＋by＋動作的執(zhí)行者”。⒉主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的環(huán)節(jié)：擬定主動語態(tài)的時態(tài)，它決定著被動語態(tài)中的助動詞be?！页鲋鲃诱Z態(tài)的主、謂、賓?！凑丈鲜鼍涫礁膶懀撼惺苷?be+過去分詞+其它＋by＋執(zhí)行者⒊慣用的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)造：時態(tài)構(gòu)造時態(tài)構(gòu)造普通現(xiàn)在時am/is/are＋p.p.含情態(tài)動詞can/may/must/…be＋p.p.普通過去時was/were＋p.p.現(xiàn)在完畢時have/hasbeen+p.p.普通將來時will/shallbe＋p.p.am/is/aregoingtobe＋p.p.現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/arebeing+p.p.⒋主動改為被動語態(tài)的例子：主動語態(tài)基本構(gòu)造為主、謂、賓。(1)Hisbrotherwashesdisheseveryday.→Dishesarewashedeverydaybyhisbrother.主(執(zhí)行者)謂賓(承受者)其它(2)Peterwillcleantheroomtomorrow.→TheroomwillbecleanedtomorrowbyPeter.(3)Hemustlookafterthelittleboy.→Thelittleboymustbelookedafterbyhim.(4)Thestudentsarewatchingacharityshow.→Acharityshowisbeingwatchedbythestudents.三、被動語態(tài)在不同時態(tài)中的運用1.被動語態(tài)在普通現(xiàn)在時中的運用普通現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài):am/is/are+動詞的過去分詞e.g.Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.ThiscarismadeinChina.2.被動語態(tài)在普通過去時中的運用普通過去式的被動語態(tài):was/were+動詞的過去分詞e.g.Hisdeskwascleanedjustnow.Thestationwasbuiltin1928.3.被動語態(tài)在普通將來時中的運用基本構(gòu)造一:shall/will+be+done【例1】Ipromisethatthismatter_________nextweek.A.willbetakencareB.willtakecareofC.willtakegoodcareD.willbetakencareof【點撥】選D。從題干不難看出,一是從句中的thismatter和takecareof是被動關(guān)系;二是takecareof是固定搭配,不能拆開;三是相對于promise來說,takecareof是將要發(fā)生的動作。故從句謂語應(yīng)用普通將來時的被動語態(tài)?！纠?】Thesedictionaries_________thelibraryagain(byyou)A.willbetakenoutofB.won’tbetakenoutofC.willtakeoutofD.won’ttakeoutof【點撥】選B。由題干構(gòu)造及句意可知,此題考察的是普通將來時的被動語態(tài)的否認式。另外,我們還應(yīng)注意:其疑問式為Shall/Will+主語+be+done...?或特殊疑問詞+shall/will+主語+be+done...?（2）基本構(gòu)造二:be(am/is/are)goingto+be+done【例1】Theclass________oneverythingtheyhavelearntthisyear.A.isgoingtobeexaminingB.aregoingtoexamineC.isgoingtobeexaminedD.aregoingtobeexamined【點撥】選D。題中theclass指全班同窗,謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,并且主語和謂語動詞之間是被動關(guān)系,所以謂語應(yīng)用普通將來時的被動語態(tài)?！纠?】Anexhibitionofpainting_________attheartmuseumwhenhecomesbackfromabroad.A.isgoingtoholdB.isgoingtobeheldC.aregoingtoholdD.aregoingtobeheld【點撥】選B。根據(jù)題意,此處應(yīng)用普通將來時的被動語態(tài),并且主謂應(yīng)保持一致。4.被動語態(tài)在現(xiàn)在完畢時中的運用（拓展）現(xiàn)在完畢時的被動語態(tài):have/has+been+動詞的過去分詞【例題】Insomecities,something________tostopthesaleoflivepoultry(家禽)duringthepastweeks.A.willdoB.havedoneC.willbedoneD.hasbeendone【點撥】選D。根據(jù)題意本題為現(xiàn)在完畢時的被動語態(tài)，duringthepastweeks,可知為現(xiàn)在完畢時，選項中只有C&D為被動語態(tài)的對的形式，但時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完畢時故選D。5.被動語態(tài)與情態(tài)動詞的運用（拓展）含情態(tài)動詞的被動式：can/may/must/should+be+donee.g.Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.→Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Theyshoulddoitatonce.→Itshouldbedoneatonce.【例題】Thedisabledpeopleshouldn’t_________.Instead,weshouldbefriendlytothem.A.lookdownB.lookdownonC.belookeddawnonD.belookeddown【點撥】選C。本題考察的是情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)，從四個選項來看只有C&D滿足情態(tài)動詞被動語態(tài)的形式，但是lookdownon為固定詞組，因此選C。四、被動語態(tài)的幾個特殊狀況1.不及物動詞或不及物動詞短語無被動語態(tài)，如：appear,die,fall,rise,happen,takeplace，runout,cometrue,breakout,belongto等。2.主謂＋雙賓：這類短語含有介詞to或for。如：give,send,show,buy,make…(1)givesbsth＝givesthtosb，buysbsth＝buysthforsb主動語態(tài)：Amygavemesomenicestickers.＝Amygavesomenicestickerstome.被動語態(tài)：IwasgivensomenicestickersbyAmy.或SomenicestickersweregiventomebyAmy.批注：總結(jié)含有雙賓語的動詞短語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的規(guī)則：能夠把任何一種賓語作為被動語態(tài)的主語；如果把直接賓語(即物體)作為主語，間接賓語（普通指人）前要添加對應(yīng)的介詞to或for。即：givesbsth或givesthtosb→sbbegivensth或sthbegiventosb，這類含有介詞to或for的短語見下表主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)sendsbsth或sendsthtosb.sb.besentsth或sthbesenttosbshowsbsth或showsthtosb.sb.beshownsth或sthbeshowntosbbuysbsth或buysthforsb.sb.beboughtsth或sthbeboughtforsbmakesbsth或makesthforsb.sb.bemadesth或sthbemadeforsb3.在感官動詞和使役動詞的主動語態(tài)句式中，動詞不定式的to常省去，但是在被動語態(tài)中要加上to。①使役動詞：如make,let,have⑴makesbdosth→sbbemadetodosth(主動語態(tài)不含to，被動語態(tài)必須帶to。下同)⑵letsbdo→sbbelettodo(3)havesbdosth→sbbehadtodosth②感官動詞：如see,hear,notice,watch,observe(1)hearsbdosth→sbbeheardtodosth(2)seesbdosth→sbbeseentodosth4.主動形式表達被動意義：有些不及物動詞(其主語大都指物)的主動語態(tài)能夠表達被動意義。(1)某些連系動詞，這些動詞有feel,taste,smell,sound,prove等。①Thecoffeesmellsdelicious.②Themusicsoundsnice.③Thestoryprovedquitefalse.(2)某些可與well,easily,quickly等副詞連用的不及物動詞，如read,write,draw,sell,wash,cook,clean等，表達主語的屬性或功效。①Thiskindofbikessellswell.②Thiskindofricecooksmorequicklythanthatkind.③Theclothwasheseasily.④Thepenwritessmoothly.(3)動名詞在need,want,require等動詞后，主動形式表達被動含義。eg.needdoing＝needtobedone①Theproblemrequiresdealingwithimmediately.②Herbikeneededrepairing.③Yourhairneedscutting.【例】Asaresultoftheseriousearthquake,mostofthebuildingsinthisarea________.(蘇州?？?A.needtoberepairedB.needtorepairC.needsrepairingD.needstorepair【解析】某物需要…,needdoing＝needtobedone主動形式表達被動含義。句中主語是‘mostofthebuildings’，謂語動詞用復(fù)試形式。(4)動名詞在beworthdoing句型中的主動形式表達被動含義。①HisnovelsaresowellworthreadingthatIwantone.②Thesestampsareworthcollecting.(5)有些形容詞后的動詞不定式有被動含義。這些形容詞有easy,difficult,heavy,nice,good,pleasant,important,useful,dangerous等。①Badhabitsareeasytocontract.②Englishisdifficulttolearn.(6)不定式作修飾詞的后置定語，與被修飾的名詞或代詞有動賓關(guān)系，又與主語有主謂關(guān)系，不定式用主動表被動。①Ihavemuchworktodo.②Tomislookingforaroomtolivein.③Hehasafamilytosupport.典型例題一、單選()1.Aman________cryforhelplastnight.A.washeardtoB.heartoC.washeardD.heardto()2.Thiskindofshoes________welllastyear.A.didn’tsellB.sellC.aren’tsellD.wasn’tsell()3.Whowasthebook___?A.write B.wrote C.written D.writtenby()4.Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.A.bekept B.beborrowed C.keep D.borrow()5.Theteachermadehim___hishomework.A.todo B.do C.did D.done()6.Theboy___streetswithoutpayingintheolddays.A.wasmadetocleanB.madeclean C.madetoclean D.wasmadeclean()7.Thesechildren____danceyesterdayafternoon.A.wereseento B.wereseenfor C.wereseen D.sawto()8.Greatchanges___inourcountryduringthepast20years.A.havehappened B.happened C.havebeenhappenedD.werehappened()9.Pleasepassmeanothercup.Thisone___.A.isbroken B.isbreaking C.broke D.broken()10.Theapple___verysweet.A.istasted B.taste C.tastes D.aretasting()11.You___morebeautifulinthelightblueshirt. A.see B.watch C.look D.lookat()12.Howdirtythetablesare!Theyneed___. A.toclean B.clean C.cleaning D.cleaned()13.Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterwelland___politely. A.speakto B.spoken C.speak D.spokento()14.Oldpeoplemust___.A.lookafterwell B.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafter D.belookedafterwell二、適宜形式填空1.Thiskindofbike________(sell)intheNewCenturySupermarket.It_______(sell)well.2.Theflowersneed___________(water)everyday.3.Heisoftennoticed____________(sit)atthetablealone.4.Anaccident___________(happen)herelastweek.5.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.6.Ihopethatyourdream__________(come)trueinthefuture.三、把下列句子改為被動語態(tài)1.Thebossmakestheworkersworkallday.______________________________________________________________________2.Ioftenhearhersingintheroom.______________________________________________________________________3.I

saw

him

enter

the

readingroom

yesterday

afternoon.______________________________________________________________________4.Daniel

saw

the

boy

run

yesterday.

_____________________________________________________________________5.Wegaveourteacherssomeflowers.Ourteachers___________________________________________________________Someflowers__________________________________________________________6.Mymotherwillbuymeanewcoat.I___________________________________________________________________Anewcoat___________________________________________________________7.Lily

sent

me

a

New

Year

card

last

week.I_________________________________________________________________Anewcard_________________________________________________________8.Theylookafterthegirlwell.___________________________________________________________________9.Heoftenlaughsatthepoorboy.___________________________________________________________________四、翻譯句子1.我校運動會將在下周舉辦。(takeplace)___________________________________________________________________2.我的自行車壞了。（breakdown完畢時）______________________________________________________________________3.這些新型能源將永遠不會耗盡（runout）______________________________________________________________________4.這本書屬于我（belongto）______________________________________________________________________課堂練習(xí)一、單選()1.Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisto____inourcity.A.bebuildingB.buildC.bebuilt D.built()2.Duringthelast3months,another3000trees____onthemountain.A.wasplantedB.wereplantedC.havebeenplantedD.haveplanted()3.Wecan’tusethebridgenow,becauseit____.A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepaired()4.Manyhighbuildings___inourcitysinceIcamehere.A.havebeenbuiltB.havebuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.hasbuilt()5.Youcangooutifyourhomework______.A.isdone B.willdoC.willbedoneD.arefinished()6.Whenyourhomework____,wewillgotoplayfootball.A.isdoneB.aredoneC.haddoneD.willbedone()7.Ifhe___enoughtime,hewillcomeupwithanidea.A.givesB.willgiveC.isgivenD.willbegiven()8.Manyyearsago,thismountain___trees,butnowitdisappeared.A.iscoveredwithB.wascoveredwithC.werecoveredbyD.coveredby()9.Theproblemwill_____,assoonashecomes.A.workedoutB.workedC.beworkedD.beworkedout()10.Anewfilmisgoingto___thisSun.A.showB.showingC.beshownD.beshowing()11.Thisoldmachine___theroomwet.A.usedtokeepB.wasusedtokeepingC.usedtokeepingD.wasusedtokeep()12.Tom!You_____onthephonejustnow,butyou_____in.A.wanted,wereB.arewanted,areC.werewanted,weren’tD.called,aren’t()13.Inthemodernworld,computersaremoreandmorewidely__inpeople’slife.A.useB.usingC.usedD.touse()14.--DidyougotoMary’sparty?--No,I______.A.amnotinvitedB.wasn’tinvitedC.haven’tinvitedD.didn’tinvited()15.Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom,hefoundthewindow________.A.isbrokenB.brokenC.breakingD.isbreaking()16.Althoughtheroomissmall,itiscomfortable_______.A.liveinB.toliveinC.toliveD.live()17.Theworld_____allthetime.Thingsneverstaythesame.A.changesB.haschangedC.ischangingD.willchange二、用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的對的形式填空。(請注意時態(tài)和語態(tài)兩個方面噢)1.It'ssaid(據(jù)說)thatthelongbridge______________(build)intwomonths．2.Wheretohavethemeeting______________(discuss)now．3.Whichlanguage______________themostwidely______________(speak)intheworld？4.Thelostboy_____________(notfind)sofar．5.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________(cut)down．6.Thestudents____________often____________(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.7.Theoldmanisill.He_____________(mustsend)tothehospital.8.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.9.What______________knives_____________(make)of?They_______________(make)ofmetal(金屬)andwood.Canthemagazine_______________(take)outofthelibrary?Theroom_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.Thestarscan’t_____________(see)inthedaytime.13.Someflowers_______________(water)byLiMingalready.Thiskindofshoes__________(sell)well.15.Howlong____________youruncle_____________(be)inthecity?16.Thefood_____________(smell)delicious.17.Look!Someone__________(dance).18.DifferentkindsofCD-ROMs________(sell)intheshopandthey_______(sell)well.19.Nice_________(talk)toyou.Seeyounexttime.20.Theshipforanothercountry________________(produce)inDalianlastyear.21.Wastepapershouldn’t__________(throw)about.22.Whenwillhisnewbook_________(出版).23.Noone______(permit)toenterthebuilding.24.Thoughmanyhouses_______(損壞)bytheearthquake,peopledidn’tlosetheirhope.三、按規(guī)定改寫下列句子，一空一詞。1.IsteagrowninSouthChina？（改為主動語態(tài)）_______people_________teainSouthChina？2.Iamgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear．（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）Abirthdaypresent_________________________________________________bymyparentseveryyear．3.Theworkisgoingtobefinishedintwodays.(對劃線提問)How___________________________theworkgoingtobefinished?4.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改為被動語態(tài))AnEnglishsong________________________________________bythechildren.5.Youneedn'tdoitnow.(改為被動語態(tài))It___________________________________________byyounow.6.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.(改為被動語態(tài))Metal_____________________________________________makingmachines.7.Hemademedothatforhim.(改為被動語態(tài))I________________________________________________________thatforhim.8.Theyarewatchingthefootballmatch.Thefootballmatch__________________________________________bythem.9.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?(改為被動語態(tài))__________abridge____________herebythemayearago?10.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.(改為被動語態(tài))Thelightgreendresses_________________________________________________out.11.Wecallthegame“Lianliankan”.(改為被動語態(tài))Thegame_____________________________“Lianliankan”byus.四、根據(jù)所給漢語完畢