被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解-2

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解一．被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（TheActiveVoice）和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（ThePassiveVoice）。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受著。例：Bellinventedthetelephonein1876.(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))ThetelephonewasinventedbyBellin1876.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Englishisspokenbymanypeople.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))下面幾種情況要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：（1）不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例如：Amanwaskilledinthehotelyesterday.（2）沒(méi)有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例如：Paperismadeofwood.（3）只需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受著。例如：Englishiswidelyusedallovertheworld.二．被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式1．被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)通常為十種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由be＋過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式為：1)am/is/are+done(過(guò)去分詞)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)例Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.2）has/havebeendone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)例Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andwe'rereadytostart.3）am/is/arebeingdone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)例Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere．4）was/weredone一般過(guò)去時(shí)例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.5）hadbeendone過(guò)去完成時(shí)例Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompletedinBeijing.6）was/werebeingdone過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)例AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.7）shall/willbedone一般將來(lái)時(shí)例Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.8）should/wouldbedone過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)例Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.9）帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過(guò)去分詞。例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式1)有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的是間接賓語(yǔ)。例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改為Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday./Apresentwasgiventohimbyhismotherforhisbirthday.2)當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)，其余不動(dòng)。例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改為Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.3)在使役動(dòng)詞have,make,get以及感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改為Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.4）有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如“動(dòng)詞＋介詞”，“動(dòng)詞＋副詞”等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開(kāi)。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.三、Itissaidthat+從句及其他類似句型一些表示“據(jù)說(shuō)”或“相信”的動(dòng)詞如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋過(guò)去分詞＋that從句”或“主語(yǔ)＋be＋過(guò)去分詞＋todosth.”。Itissaidthat…據(jù)說(shuō),Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報(bào)道，Itisbelievedthat…大家相信，Itishopedthat…大家希望，Itiswellknownthat…眾所周知，Itisthoughtthat…大家認(rèn)為，Itissuggestedthat…據(jù)建議。例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.（＝Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.）四、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1.英語(yǔ)中有很多動(dòng)詞如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來(lái)描述主語(yǔ)特征時(shí)，常用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,主語(yǔ)通常是物。例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.2.表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?這些報(bào)紙是如何引出來(lái)的呢？3.系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式,但有些表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例Yourreasonsoundsreasonable五、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義在某些句型中可用動(dòng)名詞和不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。1．在need，want，require,bear等詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。例Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．這房子需要修理。2．形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．（＝Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．）3.動(dòng)詞不定式在名詞后面作定語(yǔ)，不定式和名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。例Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．(todo與things是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系。)六、如何將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1．將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本方法為：①將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)；②謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)椤癰e＋及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”，并通過(guò)be的變化來(lái)表達(dá)出不同的時(shí)態(tài)；③主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語(yǔ)，組成介詞短語(yǔ)放在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后。（有時(shí)by短語(yǔ)可以省略）。2．被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般疑問(wèn)句是將一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)之前；否定句是在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞后加not；特殊疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序?yàn)椋阂蓡?wèn)詞＋一般疑問(wèn)句。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)習(xí)題一、單項(xiàng)選擇。()1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．A．a(chǎn)renotkept；willhavetoB．a(chǎn)renotkept；haveC．donotkeep；willhavetoD．donotkeep；haveto()2.---____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．---Yes，italldependsontheweather．A．I'vebeentoldB．I'vetoldC．I'mtoldD．Itold()3.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup()4.Thatsuit__over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost()5.---Doyoulikethematerial?---Yes,it___verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt()6.Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese．A．writeB．towriteC．tobewrittenD．written()7.Ihavenomoreletters____，thankyou．A．totypeB．typingC．tobetypedD．typed()8.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto___.A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.goout()9.Thecomputersonthetable___ProfessorSmith.A.belongsB.arebelongedtoC.belongstoD.belongto()10.---Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?---Oh,excellent.It’sworth___asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread()11Diamond____inBrazilin1971.A.isfoundB.hasbeenfoundC.wasfoundD.hadbeenfound()12Chinese______bythelargestnumberofpeople．A．speakB．isspeakingC．speaksD．isspoken()13.Theboy______togetsupperreadyafterschool．A．weretoldB．istellingC．wastoldD．tells()14.Alotofnewroads______builtinthewestofChina．A．mustB．mustbeC．hasD．have()15.Thisdictionarymustn't______fromthelibrary．A．takeawayB．takenawayC．a(chǎn)retakenawayD．betakenaway()16.Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisto______inourcity．A．bebuildingB．buildC．bebuiltD．built()17.—Yourcoatlooksnice．Isit______cotton？—Yes．It'sShanghai．A．madeof；madebyB．madeof；madeinC．madefor；madebyD．madefor；madein()18.Thismachineisused______theroomwet．A．forkeepingB．a(chǎn)skeepingC．keepD．tokeeping()19.Shewasheard_____anEnglishsong.A.tosingB.singC.sangD.tobesang()20.Theseboxesareveryheavy___.A.becarriedB.carryC.carriedD.becarrying()21.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse________andalotofthings________.A.hadbeenbrokeninto,hasbeenstolenB.hasbrokeninto,hasbeenstolenC.hadbeenbrokeninto,stolenD.hasbrokeninto,hasstolen()22.Coalcan________toproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.A.haveusedB.usedC.beusedD.use()23.Nobodylikes__________.A.laughedatB.laughingatC.beinglaughedatD.beinglaughed()24.Takeiteasy.Thereisnothing______.A.toworryB.tobeworriedC.tobeworriedaboutD.toworryabout二．將下列主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句1.Thefarmproducesmilk,meat,eggsandvegetables.___________________________________________________________________2.ChinesepeoplebuilttheGreatWalltwothousandyearsago.___________________________________________________________________3.Wemustplantmoretreesnextyear.___________________________________________________________________4.UncleWanginventedanewmachinelastmonth.___________________________________________________________________5.Youshouldcleanandtidyyourbedroomeveryday.___________________________________________________________________6.PeopleinAustraliaspeakEnglish.___________________________________________________________________7.Peoplemaycatchfishintheriver.___________________________________________________________________8.Dalianproducesbigships.___________________________________________________________________9.Farmersharvestriceinautumn.___________________________________________________________________10.Wecanseenostarsintheday-time.___________________________________________________________________11.MrHenryheardastrangenoiselastnight.___________________________________________________________________12.Thenurselookedafterthosechildrenverywell.___________________________________________________________________13.Weshalldiscusstheproblemattomorrow'smeeting.___________________________________________________________________14.ThebossmadeJackworktwelvehoursaday.____________________________________________________________________15.Peoplewillneverforgettheaccident.____________________________________________________________________16.Someonemusttakecareofthechildrenwhenwegoout.____________________________________________________________________17.Theywon'tholdthemeetinguntilnextFriday.____________________________________________________________________18.Theygavehimamedalforhiswonderfulwork.___________________________________________________________________19Hismothertoldhimnottowastetimeonfishing.____________________________________________________________________20FathergavemeatoyatChristmas.____________________________________________________________________21TheynamedthechildTom.____________________________________________________________________三．把下列句子變成主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.SpanishisspokeninSouthAmerica.____________________________________________________________________2.Theplanswillhavetoberevised.____________________________________________________________________3.Allthewordsmustbelookedupinadictionary.____________________________________________________________________4.HasJohnbeencuredofhisheartillness?___________________________________________________________