英語第一輪總復(fù)習(xí)講義第1部分Book2Unit3AmazingpeopleWord版含答案

Book2Unit3Amazingpeople晨讀暮誦單元話題——社會人物1．respectableadj.令人尊敬的2．a(chǎn)chievementn．成就3．volunteern．志愿者4．a(chǎn)ggressiveadj.有進(jìn)取心的5．determinationn．決心6．a(chǎn)ttractiveadj.有魅力的7．distinguishedadj.杰出的8．cooperatev．合作9．virtuen．美德10．responsibilityn．責(zé)任11．withastrongwill有堅強(qiáng)的意志12．doresearchon對……做研究13．bedeterminedtodosth.決心做某事14．doagooddeed做好事15．inneedof需要16．share…with…與……分享17．setanexampleto為……樹立榜樣18．bebeneficialto對……有好處1．Manyhandsmakelightwork.眾人拾柴火焰高。2．Asadedicatedplayer，YaoMingsetsusagoodexample.作為一名富有獻(xiàn)身精神的運動員，姚明給我們樹立了一個良好的榜樣。3．Withgreatdeterminationandperseverance，shemitstohelpingtheblindanddeafchildren，whichmakesagreatcontributiontothecharity.憑著巨大的決心和毅力，她全身心幫助盲聾兒童，為慈善事業(yè)作出重大貢獻(xiàn)。4．Sheishonoredandknownas“MotherofCharity”intheworld.她被國際上譽為“慈善之母”。(2018·高考北京卷)假設(shè)你是紅星高三學(xué)生李華。你的英國朋友Jim在給你的郵件中提到他對中國歷史很感興趣，并請你介紹一位你喜歡的中國歷史人物。請你給Jim回信，內(nèi)容包括：1．該人物是誰；2．該人物的主要貢獻(xiàn)；3．該人物對你的影響。注意：1.詞數(shù)不少于50；2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。DearJim，_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours，LiHua[參考范文]Dear_Jim，It'sgreattohearfromyou.IfeelproudknowingyourinterestinChinesehistory.AsformyfavoritefigureinChinesehistory,itmustbeWeiYuan,agreatthinkerinthelateQingDynasty.He,inhisbook,HaiguoTuzhi(MapsandRecordsoftheWorld),introducedmoderntechnologiesandideastoChina.Thatopenedoureyestotheworld.Infact,heinspiresmetomajorinEnglishincollege,tobeabridgebetweenChinaandtheworld.Interestedinknowingmore?Icanfindyousomebooks!Justletmeknow.Cheers!Yours，Li_Hua[高頻詞匯]1．________(adj.)好奇的，求知欲強(qiáng)的2．________(n.)大筆的錢，財富；運氣3．________(vt.)保存；保護(hù)；保持4．________(n.)入口5．________(n.)內(nèi)容6．________(n.)巧合，碰巧7．________(vt.)打擾，擾亂8．________(n.)信號(vi.&vt.)發(fā)信號；表明9．________(n.)船長，飛機(jī)機(jī)長；隊長；海軍上校，陸軍、空軍上尉10．________(adj.)廣泛的，普遍的11．________(vt.)啟迪，賦予靈感；激勵，鼓舞12．________(n.)伴侶；陪伴13．________(n.)奉獻(xiàn)；忠誠；專心14．________(vt.&n.)謀殺15．________(adj.)各種各樣的16．________(n.)宇航員17．________(n.)候選人；申請人18．________(n.)幸存，存活19．________(n.)上級，上司(adj.)更好的，更高的20．________(n.)地位，身份21．________(n.)品質(zhì)；質(zhì)量22．________(adj.)樂觀的，抱樂觀看法的【答案】1.curious2.fortune3.preserve4.entrance5．content6.coincidence7.disturb8.signal9.captain10．widespread11.inspire12panion13.devotion14.murder15.various16.astronaut17.candidate18．survival19.superior20.status21.quality22.optimistic[派生詞匯]1．________(adj.)科學(xué)的→________(n.)科學(xué)家→________(n.)科學(xué)2．________(vi.&vt.)呼吸→________(n.)呼吸3．________(n.)要求，規(guī)定→________(vt.)要求4．________(vt.)使灰心；勸阻→________(vt.)鼓勵→________(n.)勇氣5．________(vi.&vt.)申請；使用，應(yīng)用→________(n.)申請→________(n.)申請者[詞綴歸納]在scientific一詞中，-ic為構(gòu)成形容詞的后綴。課標(biāo)中常見的有：energeticadj.有活力的；enthusiasticadj.熱情的，熱心的；fantasticadj.想象的，奇異的；optimisticadj.樂觀的；specificadj.特定的。【答案】1.scientific；scientist；science2.breathe；breath3．requirement；require4.discourage；encourage；courage5．a(chǎn)pply；application；applicant[語境活用]1．Heisa________(好奇的)boywhoisalwaysaskingquestions.2．Weshouldbe________(樂觀的)aboutthethingswedoandalwayshopeforthebest.3．ThisishowIgotinvolvedwithmycharityworktoimprovethe________(質(zhì)量)oflifeforalldisabledpeople.4．Thenewcellphoneis________(更好的)indesigntotheolderone.Iprefertobuythenewcellphonethoughitismuchmoreexpensive.5．Alfwillbeearningonlyhalfasmuchasheusedto,buthefeelsthathisrisein________(地位)iswellworththelossofmoney.6．Whatac________thatIwasinRomeatthesametimeasyou!7．Haveyoua________tothepanyforajob?Theyareemployingmorepeople.8．IamverysorryifIhaved__________you,butwouldyouliketodomeafavor?9．Herd________totheprotectionofthemountaingorillasinAfricaremindedpeopleofdangerstheseanimalsarefacing.10．Atfirst,Jerrywasgivenatmostaone-in-tenchanceofs________.Thedoctorsdidn'tthinkhewouldseethesummer.【答案】1.curious2.optimistic3.quality4.superior5．status6.coincidence7.applied8.disturbed9．devotion10.survival1．becurious________對……感到好奇2．________sail啟航3．search________搜尋4．a(chǎn)long________與……一起5．beknown________作為……而出名6．e________(偶然)遇見；發(fā)現(xiàn)7．a(chǎn)s________as也；以及；和8．die________死于……9．inconnection________關(guān)于，與……有關(guān)10．result________導(dǎo)致，結(jié)果是……11．pay________帶來好結(jié)果；得到回報12．star________在……擔(dān)任主角，主演13．getintouch________與……取得聯(lián)系14．e________use開始使用15．befit________適合于16．________controlof掌管，控制17．lookup________敬佩【答案】1.about2.set3.for4.with5.as6.across7.well8．o15．for16.in17.to[語境活用]1．Icame________thisoldphotographwhenlookingforabookyesterday.2．Hisideaofhavingweeklyfamilymealstogether,whichseemeddifficultatfirst,hasresulted________manygoodchangesintheirlives3．Stevewasverycurious________theworldIcamefrom.Hekeptaskingmanyquestionsaboutlifeinmyhometown.4．ItisthoughtthatZhengHe,aChineseintheMingDynasty,mayhavebeenthefirstpersonwho________sailAmericafromtheEast.5．Sheisagoodwomanwho________uptotheoldandlooksaftertheyoung.6．Amanmayusuallybeknownbythebookshereadsas________asbythefriendshekeeps.7．Themanagermadeheremployeesknowthathardworkwouldpay________oneday.8．Therehasbeensomeviolenceafterthefootballmatch,butthepolicearenow________controlofthesituation.9．Theywanttotalktoyouinconnection________anunpaidtaxbill.10．Ican'tget________touchwithmyoldfriendsaftermycellphonewasstolen.【答案】1.across2.in3.about4.set5.looks6.well7．off8.in9.with10.in1.[原句]Bythe1920s，hehadbeeanexplorer，searchingforthetombsoftheEgyptiankings.[點撥]by表示“在……之前，不遲于”，后常接表示時間點的名詞。若后接過去時間，則用過去完成時；若接將來時間，則用將來完成時。[仿寫]等我到達(dá)公交車站時，公共汽車已經(jīng)開走了。BythetimeIgottothebusstation，thebus__________.2.[原句]Hetoovisitedthetomb，onlytocatchahighfeverthenextday.[點撥]onlytodosth.用作結(jié)果狀語，意為“不料……，竟然……”。[仿寫]她興沖沖地回到家里，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)一個人也沒有。Shecamehomeexcitedly，____________nobodywasin.3.[原句]Withoutherwork,therewouldbeveryfewmountaingorillaslefttoday.[點撥]without構(gòu)成含蓄虛擬條件句，意為“如果沒有……就會……”。[仿寫]沒有太陽，萬物不會生長。Withoutthesun,nothing__________________.4.[原句]AlthoughYangdidnotgetthebestscoresoneverysingletest，itwashishighscoresonthepsychologicalteststhatfinallywonhimthestatusofChina'sfirstastronaut.[點撥]“itwas…that…”是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。該句型中，被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分必須是除了謂語動詞以外的句子成分，當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人且作主語時，that可以用who代替。[仿寫]并不是因為事情難我們才不敢做，而是因為我們不敢做事情才難。________________________wedonotdare，butitisbecausewedonotdarethatthingsaredifficult.【答案】1.hadalreadygone2.onlytofind3.wouldgrow4．Itisnotbecausethingsaredifficultthat第一板塊核心詞匯[基礎(chǔ)知識要牢記]1．curiousadj.好奇的，求知欲強(qiáng)的(1)becuriousabout對……感到好奇becurioustodosth.極想做某事(2)curiosityn.好奇心outofcuriosity出于好奇(3)curiouslyadv.好奇地①Thecouplewassocuriousaboutwildplantsthattheydecidedtotraveltotheforest.這對夫婦對野生植物如此好奇，以至于他們決定到森林里去旅行。②Childrenhaveanaturalcuriosityabouttheworldaroundthem.孩子們對周圍的世界天生就有好奇心。③Passers-bystared________attheforeignkid，withblueeyesandfairskin，wonderingwhyhehadChineseparents.路人們好奇地盯著這個藍(lán)眼睛白皮膚的外國孩子，琢磨著他怎么會有一對中國父母?！敬鸢浮竣踓uriously(2016·高考北京卷，閱讀理解A)Inhighschool,Ibecamecuriousabouttheputer,andbuiltmyfirstwebsite.[翻譯]高中時，我對電腦產(chǎn)生了好奇心，并建立了我的第一個網(wǎng)站。2．fortunen．[C]一大筆錢；財富[U]運氣(1)seekone'sfortune尋找致富及成功之路makea/one'sfortune發(fā)財tryone'sfortune碰運氣tellone'sfortune算命(2)fortunateadj.幸運的，交好運的befortunatetodosth.幸運的去做某事(3)fortunatelyadv.幸運地unfortunatelyadv.不幸地①Hewasfortunateenoughtoescapeunharmed.他真是幸運，逃了出來，沒有受傷。②________，allofthepassengersandcrewmemberswererescuedfromtheship.幸運地是，船上所有乘客及船員都獲救了。③Gettymadealargefortuneinhislife，buthegavehismoneytotheartworldbecausehewantedpeopletolearnaboutandloveart.蓋提一生中積累了很多財富，但是他把錢給了藝術(shù)界，因為他想讓人們了解并熱愛藝術(shù)。【答案】②Fortunately3．preservevt.保存，保護(hù)，保持(1)preservesb./sth.from…保護(hù)……免于……preserveone'sself-respect/thepublicorder/theworldpeace維護(hù)自尊/維護(hù)公共秩序/維護(hù)世界和平(2)類似結(jié)構(gòu)：protect…from/against…保護(hù)……以避免……的傷害eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(prevent…fromdoingsth.,stop…fromdoingsth.,keep…fromdoingsth.))阻止……做某事①Thesocietywassetuptopreserveendangeredspecies________extinction.成立這個協(xié)會是為了保護(hù)瀕危物種不至于滅絕。②Inordertoanswerthisquestion,wemustfirstexaminewhetherpeoplereallywanttopreservethehistoricfeelofanarea.為了回答這個問題，我們必須首先調(diào)查人們是否真的想保留他們對一塊區(qū)域的歷史看法。③Ithinktheseinterestingoldcustomsshouldbepreserved.我認(rèn)為這些有趣的古老的習(xí)俗應(yīng)該保留下來?！敬鸢浮竣賔rom4．contentn．內(nèi)容；[復(fù)數(shù)]容納的東西；目錄；[單數(shù)]含量；滿足adj.滿足的，滿意的vt.使?jié)M足(1)dosth.toone'sheart'scontent心滿意足地/盡情地做某事(2)becontenttodosth.樂于做某事becontentwith對……滿足/滿意(3)contentoneselfwith滿足于；使(某人)自己對……感到滿足①Thatrichmanistiredofcitylife，soheiscontenttoliveinthecountry.那位富人厭倦了城市生活，所以他愿意生活在鄉(xiāng)下。②Astimewenton，hecontentedhimselfwithasimplelife.隨著時間的流逝，他滿足于過簡樸的生活。[一詞多義]寫出下列句中content的含義。③Butheisnotcontenttosimplyrecordthesevoicesbeforetheydisappearwithoutrecord.________④Thetray,anditscontents,fellonamanwhowasjustabouttotakeabiteofhissandwich.________⑤WhenIstarttoreadabook,Ialwaysskimoverthecontentsfirst.________⑥Thebabycontentedhimselfwithanewtoy.________【答案】③滿足的，滿意的④容納的東西⑤目錄⑥使?jié)M足5．discouragevt.阻止；使泄氣，使灰心(1)discouragedoingsth.阻止做某事discouragesb.fromdoingsth.勸某人不要做某事；使某人失去做某事的信心(2)discouragingadj.令人泄氣的discouragedadj.(人)感到泄氣的discouragementn.泄氣；阻止①Studentssoongetdiscouragedifyoucriticizethemtoooften.如果你經(jīng)常批評學(xué)生的話，他們很快就會泄氣的。②Today，LucywantstoseeifAfricanhoneybeesmightdiscourageelephants________eatingcrops.今天，露西想看看非洲蜜蜂是否可以阻止大象吃莊稼。③Anencouragingwordtothosewhoaredowncanhelpthemoutwhilea________wordcankillthem.一句鼓勵的話能幫助失意的人振作，而一句喪氣的話會讓他們一蹶不振?！敬鸢浮竣趂rom③discouraging6．desiren．渴望，欲望，愿望vt.渴望，期望；想要(1)adesiretodosth.做某事的渴望/愿望adesireforsth.對某物的渴望(2)desiretodosth.渴望做某事desiresb.todosth.希望某人做某事desirethat…渴望/想要……①Theyoungmanhasastrongdesiretomakepeacewithhiscolleagues.這個年輕人非常想和同事們重歸于好。②Hermotivationforwritingwasadesire________womentogettherighttohighereducation.她寫作的動力是渴望婦女能得到接受高等教育的權(quán)利。③Idesirethattheseletters________afterIleave.我期望我走了以后把這些信件都燒掉?！敬鸢浮竣趂or③beburnt[溫馨提示]desire后跟名詞性從句時，從句謂語動詞用虛擬語氣形式，即“(should＋)動詞原形”。7．a(chǎn)pplyvi.申請；適用vt.使用，應(yīng)用；專心于；涂抹，敷applyto適用于；向……申請applyfor…申請……apply…to…把……運用于……applyoneselfto致力于，專心于①Iftheconstitutionsaidthatallpeoplewerefreeandequal,thenshethoughtitshouldapplytoher.如果憲法說所有的人都是自由和平等的，那么她認(rèn)為這也應(yīng)該適合于她。②Heapplied________thejobthroughtheregularchannels.他通過正規(guī)的途徑申請這一工作。③Weappliedourminds________asolutiontoourproblem.我們絞盡腦汁尋求解決問題的辦法。【答案】②for③tofinding8．eacross(偶然)遇見；發(fā)現(xiàn)；被理解eabout發(fā)生；產(chǎn)生edownwith患(病)eon快點；得了；加油eout(花)開放；出版；結(jié)果是eup長出；走近；被提出eupwith提出；想出etrue實現(xiàn)etooneself蘇醒，恢復(fù)知覺①Sheexplainedforalongtime,buthermeaningdidn'treallyeacross.她解釋了很長時間，但她的意思沒有被人真正理解。②Inthemid-1700s,aFrenchmancameup________anewdesignofroad.18世紀(jì)中期，一個法國人提出了道路設(shè)計新方案。③Whenwewerewonderingwhattodo,themanagercame________.當(dāng)我們正在想該做什么時，經(jīng)理出現(xiàn)了?！敬鸢浮竣趙ith③out9．resultin導(dǎo)致，結(jié)果是……asaresult結(jié)果，因為，由于asaresultof由于……的結(jié)果withoutresult徒勞，毫無結(jié)果resultfrom造成……的結(jié)果①Thecyclonehasresultedinmanythousandsofdeaths.氣旋已經(jīng)造成了成千上萬人的死亡。②Asaresultofthefire，alotofpeoplelosttheirlives.由于大火死了許多人。③Hedidtheexperimentfor200times________result.這個實驗他做了兩百次，毫無結(jié)果。【答案】③without[溫馨提示]resultin的主語是“起因”，賓語是“結(jié)果”；resultfrom的主語是“結(jié)果”，賓語是“起因”。10．payoff成功，帶來好結(jié)果；得到回報；還清payback償還，償付；報復(fù)payfor付錢買……，為……付出代價paysb.moneyforsth.為……付給某人錢①Sacrificespayoffintheend.犧牲最終得到了回報。②YoucandependonitthatI'llpayyourmoneybackonFriday.你盡管放心，我星期五就把錢還給你。③I'llmakeherpay________ruiningmychances!她破壞了我的機(jī)會，我要她為此吃苦頭！【答案】③for[詞匯訓(xùn)練全通關(guān)]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．________(inspire)byJamesGoodall'sexample，manyotherzoologistshavebegunworkingwithapesinthewild.2．Jennyworkedhardbeforethefinalexamination，anditpaid________.ShegotanA.3．Shecame________anoldfriendofhersyesterdaywhileshewasshoppingatthedepartmentstore.4．IthinkthesetraditionalChinesecustomsshould________(preserve)．5．Atthefrontofthebookisatableof________(content),givingdetailsofwhatisinthebook.6．Heappliedtoaputerpany________apostinEngland,butfailed.7．Don'tletfailure________(courage)you.Goonwiththecreativework.8．Heaccumulateda________(fortunate)bybuyingandsellingusedcarsandbecameoneoftherichestpersonsinthetown.9．Socuriousthecouplewas________themiludeerthattheydecidedtogotoDafengforfurtherresearch.10．________aresult，Ihadnochoicebuttopletelyfocusonmystudy.【答案】1.Inspired2.off3.across4.bepreserved5．contents6.to7.discourage8.fortune9.about10.AsⅡ.單句改錯1．Thereisnodoubtthatthecarelessdrivershouldberesponsiblefortheaccidentthatresultedfromthedeathoftwopassengers._____________________________________________________________2．Justoutcuriosity，wherewereyoulastnight?_____________________________________________________________3．HekeptintouchwithhisbrotherassoonashegottoBeijing._____________________________________________________________4．Theysoldtheirhouseattherighttimeandmadefortune._____________________________________________________________5．Heexpressedadesirethatthepaperswouldbemadepublic._____________________________________________________________【答案】1.from→in2.out后加of3.kept→got4．fortune前加a/their5.would→should或去掉would第二板塊經(jīng)典句式[基礎(chǔ)知識要牢記]1．Bythe1920s,he_had_beeanexplorer，searchingforthetombsoftheEgyptiankings.到了20世紀(jì)20年代，他已成為一名探險家，致力于尋找古埃及國王的陵墓。bythe1920s意為“到20世紀(jì)20年代”，屬于“by＋時間名詞”，在句中作時間狀語。“by＋時間名詞”作狀語，句子時態(tài)如下：(1)“by＋表示過去的時間”作狀語時，句子謂語一般用過去完成時bythetime＋從句(一般過去時)，主句一般用過去完成時(2)“by＋表示將來的時間”作狀語時，句子謂語一般用將來完成時bythetime＋從句(一般現(xiàn)在時)，主句一般用將來完成時①Hehasreadabout40pagesofthebookbynow.現(xiàn)在這本書他已讀了大約40頁。②Bythetimethedoctorarrivedatthespot，thepatienthaddied.當(dāng)醫(yī)生到達(dá)現(xiàn)場時，病人已經(jīng)死了。③Bytheendofnextmonth，Mary________________herstudyinChina.到下個月底，瑪麗將完成在中國的學(xué)習(xí)?！敬鸢浮竣踳illhavefinished2．AlthoughYangdidnotgetthebestscoresoneverysingletest，it_washishighscoresonthepsychologicalteststhatfinallywonhimthestatusofChina'sfirstastronaut.雖然楊利偉并非每項測試都得了最高分，但他各項心理測試所得的高分最終為他贏得了中國首位宇航員的席位。該句使用了強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。其常用結(jié)構(gòu)如下：基本結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他．一般疑問結(jié)構(gòu)：Is/Wasit＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他？特殊疑問結(jié)構(gòu)：疑問詞＋is/was＋it＋that/who＋其他？not…until結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis/wasnotuntil…that…①ItwasinarestaurantthatAnnewrotethephrasedownonapieceofpaper,afterturningitaroundinhermindfordays.在她腦海里翻來覆去想了好幾天之后，正是在一個餐館里，安妮在一張紙上寫下了這句成語。②WasitthreeyearsagothathewenttoAmericaforafurtherstudy?他是三年前去美國深造的嗎？③—________________yougottoknowshetraveledtoUSA?—Oh,throughoneofhercolleagues.——你是怎么知道她去美國旅行的？——哦，聽她的一位同事說的。④Itwasnotuntilneartheendoftheletterthatshementionedherownplan.直到將近信的結(jié)尾她才提及了自己的計劃?！敬鸢浮竣跦owwasitthat[溫馨提示]判斷是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句的方法：把Itis/was…that去掉，看句子的結(jié)構(gòu)及語意是否完整，若完整，則為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，若不完整，則不是。ItwasattheschoolgatethatImetanoldfriendofmine.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)ItwastheschoolgatewhereImetanoldfriendofmine.(定語從句)(2018·高考天津卷，單項選擇14)ItwasonlywhenthecarpulledupinfrontofourhousethatwesawLilyinthepassengerseat.[分析]本句是對when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。[翻譯]只有當(dāng)汽車在我們房子前停下來時，我們才看到坐在乘客位置的莉莉。[句式訓(xùn)練全通關(guān)]Ⅰ.完成句子1．正是貝多芬為我們創(chuàng)造了美妙的音樂。________Beethoven________createdwonderfulmusicforus.2．在英語老師進(jìn)來前，我們就已經(jīng)開始練習(xí)說英語了。BythetimetheEnglishteachercamein,we________________________.3．從月球上看，地球表面百分之70被水覆蓋，看起來像個大籃球。________themoon,ourearthwithwatercoveringseventypercentofitssurface,appearsablueball.4．他到達(dá)那個村莊，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)它變化很大。Hearrivedatthevillage，________________________ithadchangedgreatly.5．要不是我們航班延誤，我們現(xiàn)在就在三亞享受陽光了。We________________________thesunshineinSanyanowwithoutthedelayofourflight.【答案】1.Itwas；who/that2.hadstartedpractisingspeakingEnglish3.Seenfrom4.onlytofind5.wouldbeenjoyingⅡ.話題寫作根據(jù)提示，利用本單元所學(xué)知識，完成下面的小作文。1．孩子們往往對任何新奇事物都感到好奇。(becuriousabout)2．我們不應(yīng)該阻止他們探索新事物，而應(yīng)該激勵他們這樣做。(discourage，inspire)3．如果利用得好，好奇心很可能會帶來成功。(resultin)4．即使不成功，對孩子來說也是一種經(jīng)歷，他們會從到許多有益的東西。(evenif)【參考范文】Childrenareoftencuriousaboutanynewandstrangething.Weshouldnotdiscouragethemfromexploringthesethingsbutinspirethemtodoso.Ifmadegooduseof，curiosityisverylikelytoresultinsuccess.Eveniftheydon'tsucceed，it'salsoanexperienceforyourchild，wheretheycanbenefitalot.[閱讀理解組塊練]Ⅰ.閱讀理解AWhenDebbiedecidedtopursue(追逐)herdream，sherentedatypewriter，putitonthekitchentable，andbegantypingeachmorningafterthekidswenttoschool.Whenthekidscamehome，shemovedthetypewriterandmadethemdinner.Whentheywenttobed，shemoveditbackandtypedsomemore.Fortwoyears，Debbiefollowedthisroutine.Supermomhadbeeastrugglingwriterandshewaslovingeveryminuteofit.Onenight，howeverherhusband，Wayne，satherdownandsaid，“Honey，I'msorry，butyou'renotbringinginanyine.wecan'tdothisanymore.Wecan'tsurviveonjustwhatImake.”Thatnight，herheartwasbrokenandhermindwastoobusytolethersleep.Debbieknewthatworking40hoursaweekwouldleavehernotimetowrite.Seeingherdespair，herhusbandwokeupandasked，“What'swrong？”“IreallythinkI'dhavemadeitasawriter.Ireallydo.”Waynewassilentforalongtime，thensatup，turnedonthelight，andsaid，“Allright，honey，goforit.”SoDebbiereturnedtoherdreamandhertypewriter，poundingoutpageafterpageforanothertwoyears.Herfamilywentwithoutvacations，pinched(捏)pennies，andworehand-me-downs.Butthesacrificeandthepersistencefinallypaidoff.Afterfiveyearsofstruggling，Debbiesoldherfirstbook.Thenanother.Andanother.Untilfinally，today，over60millioncopiesofherbooksareinprint，andshehasmillionsofloyalfans.AndWayne?Allthatsacrificeinsupportofhiswifepaidoffhandsomely.Hegottoretireatage50andnowspendshistimebuildinganairplaneinthebasementoftheir7,000square-footmansion(宅邸).Debbie'skidsgotagiftfarmoreimportantthanafewsummercamps.Asadults，theyrealizewhatDebbiegavethemwasfarmoreimportant—permissionandencouragementtopursuetheirowndreams.1．What'sthedreamofDebbie?A．Owningatypewriter.B．Lovingeveryminuteoflife.C．Beingawriter.D．Followingthisroutine.2．Whydidherheartbreak?A．Becauseshebroughtinnoine.B．Becausetheycan'tliveonjustwhatherhusbandmade.C．BecauseDebbiehadtofollowherroutine.D．Becauseshedidn'tgetsupportfromherhusband.3.What'sNOTnecessaryforhersuccess?A．Sacrifice. B．Money.C．Persistence. D．Support.4.Whichisfarmoreimportanttopursuethekids'dreams?A．Permissionandencouragement.B．Afewsummercamps.C．Theygotmanygifts.D．Agreatenvironmentoffamily.【答案與解析】1．C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段第二句“IreallythinkI'dhavemadeitasawriter…”可知，黛比的夢想是成為一名作家。2．D推理判斷題。由第二段內(nèi)容可知，黛比心碎的原因是因為丈夫的話，她的努力起初沒有得到丈夫的支持，故選D。3．B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段第一句“Butthesacrificeandthepersistencefinallypaidoff.”可知A和成功的必備條件，而由最后一段第二句Allthatsacrificeinsupportofhiswifepaidoffhandsomely.可知D項也是成功的必備條件，故本題選B。4．A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段最后兩句可知，黛比給孩子的禮物比幾次夏令營更重要，那就是追逐夢想的支持與鼓勵，故選A。B(2019·浙江省高三“五校聯(lián)考”第一次考試)Japanhasmadealotofnoiseinrecentyearsaboutremovingthetraditionalviewthatwomenshouldstayathomewhilemengoouttowork.Soitwasshockingwhen,onAugust7th,TokyoMedicalUniversity(TMU),adistinguishedmedicalschool,admittedmarkingdownthetestscoresoffemaleapplicantstokeeptheratioofwomenineachclassbelow30%.Theirdefencewasthatwomenaremorelikelytodropouttomarryandhavechildren.TojudgefemaleapplicantstomedicalschoolpurelyontheiracademicperformancewouldleaveJapanwithashortageofdoctors,theysaid.Theadmissionhascausedoutrage.“Doctoringhaslongbeenamalefield.Butitisnottheonlyone.Discriminationismoninbanksandtradingfirms,wherestamina(耐力)andloyalty,qualitiessomehowassociatedwithmen,areprized，”saysMariMiura,apoliticalscientistatSophiaUniversity.Allthisembarrassesagovernmentthathaspromisedtomakewomen“shine”．Thepolicyseemsbasedontheneedformoreworkersratherthanongenuineconcernforwomen.ShinzoAbe,theprimeminister,sayshewantstobringmillionsmorewomenintotheworkforcetomakeupforalabourshortfallcausedbyitsageinganddecliningpopulation.Inthefieldofpolitics,therecordunderMr.Abe'spremiership(首相任期)isdisappointing.Justtwomembersofhis20-strongcabinetarewomen,includingSeikoNoda,inchargeofwomen'srights.Ms.Noda,whomakeslittlesecretofherambitiontobeatMr.Abeinaleadershipcontestnextmonth,hasjustpublishedabookcalled“GrabtheFuture”，herpublicdeclarationforpullingJapanintolinewith“globalstandards”．Shehasalmostnochanceofwinning.5．Accordingtothepassage,whathasarousedthepublic'sshockandoutrageinJapan?A．Womenbeingmorelikelytodropoutofschooltomarryandhavechildren.B．TMUjudgingfemaleapplicantstomedicalschoolmerelyontheirtestscores.C．TMUputtingalowergradeonfemaleapplicantstokeepalowpercentageofwomenineachclass.D．Japantendingtoabandonthetraditionalviewthatwomenshouldstayathomewhilemengoouttowork.6．WhatdoweknowaboutSeikoNoda?A．Sheisquitelikelytowintheleadershipcontest.B．Sheneverfailstoshowherambitioninpublic.C．SheistheonlyfemalememberinAbe'scabinet.D．Hernewlyreleasedbook“GrabtheFuture”isabithit.7．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．DoctoringhaslongbeenamalefieldinJapan.B．Professionslikebankingandtradingaretailoredtomen.C．ShinzoAbeperformedpoorlyindealingwithlabourshortfall.D．DiscriminationagainstwomenincareersinJapanisabigconcern.【答案與解析】5．C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句可知，東京醫(yī)科大學(xué)(TMU)承認(rèn)降低了女性申請者的考試分?jǐn)?shù)，使每個班級的女性比例低于30%。6．B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第四句“…makeslittlesecretofherambitiontobeatMr.Abeinaleadershipcontest…”可知，她公開表現(xiàn)出她的雄心壯志。7．D主旨大意題?？v觀全文，文章通過日本東京醫(yī)科大學(xué)身陷“改分門”，被爆壓低女考生錄取率，從而引出日本對職業(yè)女性的歧視這一個大問題。C(2018·安徽省合肥市高三第二次質(zhì)檢)It'snoteverydaythatUnitedStateshistorymixeswithmicrobes(微生物)inthesoil.ButwhenthegrasslandontheNationalMallinWashington,D．C.wasreplaced,itofferedscientiststheopportunitytostudychangesinthesoilbeneath.Theworkfocusedonthebacteriapresentinthesoil.Totheresearchers'surprise,themunitiesofmicrobesdidnotchangealotbeforeandafterthereplacement.Thesemunitiesinthesoilareknownasthesoilmicrobiome(微生物群)．“Mylabisinterestedinhowmicrobescanmovearoundintheenvironment,andhowtheychangeandadaptasaresultofthismovement，”explainsJoAnneCrouch,theleadauthorofthestudy.“Wethoughtthatthenew‘imported’turf(草皮)fromNewJerseywouldintroducedifferentmunitiesofbacteriatotheNationalMall.However,wefoundthattheyweren'tsignificantlydifferent.”Crouch'sworkfocusedonturfgrass,definedasalargeareaofgreengrass.Itismadeupofthegrass,itsroots,andthesoilandmicrobesfoundwiththem.Thinkofthesoilmicrobiomeassimilartothecollectionofmicrobesfoundinthehumanbody.Whenthemicrobesareoutofbalance,itcanmakesomeonesick.Crouchsaysit'sthesameforthesoilmicrobiome.Manyoftheworstdiseasesincropsorotherenvironmentsarelinkedwithchangesinthesoilmicrobiome.Additionally,Crouchsaysthateventhoughthechangesbetweenthesoilsweresmall,scientistsarealsostartingtoappreciatethatsometimesareallyimportantmicrobeisarareone.Thismeansitwouldbehardtoobservebutcouldgreatlyaffecthowthegroupsfunctionasawhole.“Agriculturalareasandothernaturalspacesarehighlyandeasilyhurtbynegativechanges，”shesays.“Microbiomesofferanalmostentirelynewopportunitytoinfluenceinteractionsamongplantsandmicrobestoimproveplantproductivityandhealth.”8．Whydidtheresearchersfeelsurprisedwhentheyfocusedonthebacteriainthesoil?A．Morebacteriaappearedinthesoil.B．Microbeswerereplacedobviously.C．Soilmicrobiomealmostremainedstable.D．Thesoilmicrobiomesdamagedtheenvironment.9．Bystudyingtheturfgrass,whatdidCrouchandherteamfind?A．Microbesgrewfasterintheirownmunity.B．Soilmicrobiomesweredifferentindifferentplaces.C．Turfgrassadaptedtotheenvironmentnearbyverysoon.D．Similarmunitiesofbacteriawerebroughtbyturfgrass.10．Whydidtheauthormentionthemicrobesinthehumanbody?A．Toindicatethetwoplayasimilarrole.B．Toprovetheyareboththecausesofdiseases.C．Toexaminetheenvironmentspeoplelivein.D．Toanalyzethechangesofhumanmicrobes.11．WhatdoesCrouchmeaninthelastparagraph?A．Microbesarestillashardtoobserveasbefore.B．Studiesonmicrobiomescanbebeneficialtoagriculture.C．Scientistsarestillpuzzledabouttheeffectofmicrobiomes.D．Toomanymicrobiomesinthesoilmeannoharmtoplants.【答案與解析】8．C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知，使研究者驚訝的是，在草地被替換前后，其土壤中的微生物群落幾乎保持穩(wěn)定。9．D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二、三句可知，通過對草皮的研究，克勞奇和她的團(tuán)隊發(fā)現(xiàn)類似的細(xì)菌群落是由草坪草帶來的。10．A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“Thinkofthesoilmicrobiomeassimilartothecollectionofmicrobesfoundinthehumanbody.”可知，提到人體中的微生物群組是為了表示在這兩個類型中相類似的角色。11．B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第一、二句可知，對微生物群落的研究對農(nóng)業(yè)是有益的。DItismonandusualtoseepeoplefreak_outwhentheyfacechallengesintheirlife.Weallpassindifferentlifeproblemsandchallenges.Nooneisfreeoflifeproblems.Onlyadeadmanfacesnoproblem.Aslongasyouarealive，challengesareeverywhere.Howdoyoufaceproblemsandchallengesinyourlife?Problemsandchallengesarethebuildingblocksofyourpersonality.Theymakeyouwhoyouare.Besides，whetherwhathappenedinyourlifebuildsordestructsyoudependsonhowyoulookatit.Ifyoutakeyourproblemsastroubles，theywillbetroublesandmaycausedestruction.Ifyoutakethemasconstructivetools，youaregoingtobebuiltuponthem.Problemsareeverywhere.Noonecanavoidthem.Andtheyaregoodtoo.Theyopenupadifferentlookandopportunityifyouarewillingtosee.Whenyoufacetroubles，donotfrustrateorfreakout.Justcoolyourselftothinkinadifferentdirection.Thinkinapositiveway.Everyproblemhasitsowngoodaswellasbadsides.Focusonthegoodone.Lookatthebrightside.Besides，thereisalwaysagoodperson，perhapsyourmomordad，oroneofyourfriends，rightbesideyouwhocanturneverythingintoyourbestifyouarewillingtoturntothem.Nomatterwhathappens，theywillbetheretohelpyou.Trustthemandtheywillneverletyoudown.Allyouneedtoknowisthatyouarelovedwhereveryouare.12．What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedphrase“freakout”inParagraph1?A．Feelshy. B．Feelupset.C．Feelhappy. D．Staycalm.13.InPa