人教版英語必修四新素養(yǎng)講義Unit4Bodylanguage4SectionⅣGrammarWord版含答案

SectionⅣGrammar現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作狀語1．(教材P26)Istoodforaminutewatching(watch)themandthenwenttogreetthem.2．(教材P26)ThenAkiraNagatafromJapancameinsmiling(smile),togetherwithGeorgeCookfromCanada.3．(教材P26)Inthesamewaythatpeoplemunicatewithspokenlanguage,theyalsoexpresstheirfeelingsusing(use)unspoken“l(fā)anguage”throughphysicaldistance，actionsorposture.4．Havingsmoked(smoke)toomuch,hehassufferedfromlungcancer.5．Hearing(hear)thenews,theyjumpedforjoy.現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作狀語的用法現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)在句中作狀語來修飾謂語動詞或整個句子，表示動作發(fā)生的時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、方式、讓步或伴隨狀況。1．作時間狀語(相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句)◆Walkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.＝When/While(shewas)walkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.當(dāng)她在公園里散步時，她看到了她的一個老朋友。當(dāng)表示正在進行的動作時，可直接在分詞前面加上when或while，此時也可理解為狀語從句的省略。2．作原因狀語(一般可轉(zhuǎn)換成由as或because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句)◆Beingill,hecouldn’tgotoschool.＝Ashewasill,hecouldn’tgotoschool.因為生病了，他無法去上學(xué)。3．作條件狀語(一般放在句首，其前可以加if,unless等連詞)◆Workinghard,you’llmakegreatprogress.＝Ifyouworkhard,you’llmakegreatprogress.如果你努力工作，你將取得很大進步。4．作結(jié)果狀語現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作結(jié)果狀語時，通常放在句末，中間用逗號隔開，表示一種順其自然、意料之中的結(jié)果?！鬞heplatedroppedfromherhands，breakingintopieces.盤子從她手中掉了下來，摔成了碎片。現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作結(jié)果狀語，是隨著謂語動詞的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果，其邏輯主語往往是前面整個句子所描述的情況，前面有時候可以加thus。而不定式作結(jié)果狀語時常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，有時前面可以加only。試比較：◆Hewascaughtintherain,thusmakinghimselfcatchcold.被雨淋后他感冒了?！鬒hurriedtoschool,onlytofinditwasSunday.我匆忙趕到，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)是星期天。5．作讓步、方式和伴隨狀語現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作讓步、方式和伴隨狀語時，說明動作發(fā)生的背景和情況。作伴隨狀語時，表示分詞的動作和主句的動作同時發(fā)生，此時它可轉(zhuǎn)換成并列句?！鬗arysatbythewindowoftheclassroom，readingabook.＝Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroomandwasreadingabook.瑪麗坐在教室的窗邊讀一本書。為強調(diào)動詞-ing形式表達(dá)的意義，可在其前加上各種連詞。例如，加上when,while，強調(diào)與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生；加上before,after，強調(diào)動作先后發(fā)生；加上thus，強調(diào)結(jié)果；加上(al)though，強調(diào)讓步等?！鬞houghknowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.盡管他們了解這一切，但還是讓我賠償損失?！炯磿r演練1】——單句語法填空①Hearing(hear)thenews,theyimmediatelysetoffforthestation.②Using(use)astick,thepainterdrewapictureonthegroundintenminutes.③Thechildslippedandfell,hitting(hit)hisheadagainstthedoor.④Living(live)milesaway,heattendedthelecture.⑤Helayinbed,reading(read)anovel.現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作狀語注意事項1．現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作狀語時，要注意分詞的時間性，是用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式(doing)，還是用完成式(havingdone)。(1)當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生時，用分詞的一般式?！鬢alkingalongthestreet,Isawthisbar.我正在大街上行走時，看到了這個酒吧。(Walking和謂語動詞saw同時發(fā)生)(2)當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的動作先發(fā)生，而謂語動詞的動作后發(fā)生時，用分詞的完成式?！鬑avingfinishedtheletter,hewenttopostit.他寫完信后就把它寄了出去。(Havingfinished是先發(fā)生的，went是后發(fā)生的)【即時演練2】——單句語法填空①Thecoolingwindsweptthroughoutbedroomwindows,making(make)airconditioningunnecessary.②Havingworked(work)forthreehours,hetookarest.③Havinglived(live)inBeijingforyears,Ialmostknoweveryplacequitewell.④Seeing(see)nobodyathome,hedecidedtoleavethemanote.2．現(xiàn)在分詞的語態(tài)使用現(xiàn)在分詞的主動式還是被動式，這主要取決于現(xiàn)在分詞和句子主語之間的關(guān)系。句子的主語就是分詞的邏輯主語。◆Havingbeenshownaroundthefactory,theywereveryhappy.(現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式)被領(lǐng)著參觀了工廠后，他們很高興?！鬑avingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.(現(xiàn)在分詞的主動式)完成了作業(yè)后，他上床睡覺。◆Havingtriedmanytimes,hestillcouldn’toverehisdifficulties.(現(xiàn)在分詞的主動式)盡管嘗試了多次，但他仍未克服困難?！炯磿r演練3】——單句語法填空①Havingspent(spend)allhismoney,theboyhadtogivehismotheracall.②Havingbeentold(tell)forseveraltimes,hestillcouldn’tunderstandtherules.③Havingreceived(receive)hisreply,sheranghimup.④Havingbeenasked(ask)toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.3．現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式：not＋v.-ing;nothaving＋v.-ed◆Notknowingwhattodo,thechildrenhadtowaitfortheirparentstoeback.不知道要做什么，孩子們只好等他們的父母回來?！鬘othavingmadefullpreparations,weputoffthesportsmeeting.因為沒有做好充分的準(zhǔn)備，我們把運動會延期了。4．獨立主格現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作狀語，有時它也可以有自己獨立的主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，通常用來表示伴隨的動作或情況，也可以表示時間、原因或條件?！鬞hetreesareextremelytall,somemeasuringover90metres.那些樹非常高，其中一些測量為90多米。◆Theweatherbeingfine,wewentoutforawalk.由于天氣好，我們?nèi)ド⒉搅恕！炯磿r演練4】——用現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)改寫下列句子①Ifweatherpermits,weshallgothereonfoot.→Weatherpermitting,weshallgothereonfoot.②AfterMarycameback,theydiscussedittogether.→Maryingback,theydiscussedittogether.5．現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作評注性狀語有些現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)在句中沒有邏輯主語，它們往往作為句子的評注性狀語來修飾整個句子，表明說話者的態(tài)度、觀點等。例如：generallyspeaking“一般來說”，judgingby/from...“從……判斷”，takingeverythingintoconsideration“從全盤考慮”?！鬔udgingfromhisbehaviour,hemustbemad.從他的行為來判斷，他一定是瘋了。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語法填空1．Heforgottoturnontheradio,thusmissing(miss)theprogram.2．Lastweek,LiMingandI,representing(represent)ourschool,attendedapetitionandwonsecondplace.3．WewereabouttoleavetheofficewhenSamcamerushing(rush)inwithamessageofthetalk.4．Petermadeacarusing(use)somepartsofotheroldcars.5．Armedwithanewmachine,asearchpartywentintothecavehoping(hope)tofindburiedtreasure.6．Hearing(hear)theirteacher’svoice,thestudentsstoppedtalkingatonce.7．pared(pare)withmanyotherwomen,sheleadsaveryhappylife.8．Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,causing(cause)themtobelate.9．Given(give)anotherfiveminutes,Icanfinishtheworkontime.10．Having__finished(finish)the800-meterrace,hewasofcourseoutofbreath.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．Ifyouworkhard,you’llsucceedinpassingtheexam.→Workinghard,you’llsucceedinpassingtheexam.2．Whentheyheardtheirteacher’svoice,thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.→Hearingtheirteacher’svoice,thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.3．Ifwestandontopofthehill,wecanseeourbeautifulschool.→Standingontopofthehill,wecanseeourbeautifulschool.4．After/whenhehadfinishedhishomework,theboywasallowedtowatchTVplay.→Havingfinishedhishomework,theboywasallowedtowatchTVplay.5．Becausehedidn’tknowhowtoworkoutthedifficultphysicsproblem,heaskedtheteacherforhelp.→Notknowinghowtoworkoutthedifficultphysicsproblem,heaskedtheteacherforhelp.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)語法與寫作1．昨晚，幾百萬人通過電視觀看了開幕式的現(xiàn)場直播。Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeoplewatchingtheopeningceremonyliveonTV.2．律師全神貫注地聽，努力地不錯過任何一點。Thelawyerlistenedwithfullattention,tryingnottomissanypoint．3．如果轉(zhuǎn)向左邊，你將找到通向公園的小道。Turningtotheleft,youwillfindthepathleadingtothepark.4．這部電影他已看過兩遍了，他不想去看了。Havingalreadyseenthefilmtwice,hedidn’twanttogotothecinema.5．幾乎把所有的錢都花光了，我們住不起旅店了。Havingspentnearlyallourmoney,wecouldn’taffordtostayatahotel.6．由于很久沒有收到兒子的來信，這位母親很擔(dān)心。Nothavingheardfromhersonforalongtime,themotherworriedagreatdeal.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語法填空1．CharlieChaplinappearsonthestage,wearingasmallhatandholdingawalking(walk)stick.2．Jacksonstoodinfrontofhisson,trying(try)tocontrolhisanger.3．Theheadmastercameuptotheboysplaying(play)basketballontheplayground.4．Thoughfeeling(feel)upset,Helenpretendedtobecheerfulwhenshecamebackhomeafterwork.5．Hisuncledied,leaving(leave)himalargeamountofmoney.6．Mygrandmotherdoesn’tliketositheredoing(do)nothingalldaylong.7．Taking(take)adeepbreath,theydivedintothecoldwaterandsavedthedrowning(drown)boy.8．Ourmonitordidn’tchangemuchaftergraduation,exceptgetting(get)alittlefatter.9．Hisparentsgotkilledintheearthquake,leaving(leave)himanorphan.10．Having__waited(wait)inthequeueforhalfanhour,Joeyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)閱讀理解IntheUnitedStates,manyteacherskeepfish,hamsters(倉鼠),andotheranimalsintheirclassrooms.Teacherssaystudentslearnimportantlessonsfromtheanimals.Morethan70percentofteacherswhohaveclassroompetssaytheanimalshelpstudentslearnresponsibility.Researchalsoshowsthatclassroompetscanreducestress.“Petscanfortkidswhoarehavingabadday，”saysLisaRobbins,whoworksforagroupcalledPetsintheClassroom.Butothersthinkpetsshouldbeexpelledfromclassrooms.InJanuary,theDurangoSchoolDistrictinColoradobeganfollowingano-petpolicy(政策).NowanimalscanbebroughtintoDurangoschoolsforcertainlessons,buttheycan’tstay.Officialswereworriedthatanimalsmightcreateproblemsforkidswithallergies(過敏癥).Theywerealsoconcernedabouttheanimalsgettingpropercare.Here’swhattwoofourreadersthink.Havingclassroompetsgivesstudentsafunwaytolearnaboutanimals.Inmyclasslastyear,wehadaclasspetnamedElliot.Ourteacheralsousedhimtoteachusaboutdifferentsubjects.Forexample,inmath,wecalculatedhowmuchitcoststofeedElliotforayear.Petsalsohelpkidslearnhowtoworkasateam.MyclassmatesandItookturnsfeedingElliotandcleaninghistank.Ifteachersareworriedaboutstudentswithallergies,theycouldgetpetsthatdon’thavefur.—D’LasiaMays,TexasClassroompetscantakeawayvaluableclasstime.Somestudentsmighthaveahardtimefocusingontheteacherwhenthereareanimalsintheroom.Plus,havingaclassroompetcancausesafetyproblems.Youneverknowhowananimalwillreacttostudents.Evenacutelittlehamstermighthurtakidwhostickshisorherhandinitscage.—PatrickMcKinney,Ohio【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。美國很多都有教室寵物，因為它們可以讓各科教學(xué)變得妙趣橫生并培養(yǎng)孩子們的責(zé)任心，但有些人也指出了教室飼養(yǎng)寵物所帶來的不利因素和危險。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“expelled”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Allowed. B．Removed.C．Protected. D．Educated.B解析：詞義猜測題。第一段介紹了許多美國老師飼養(yǎng)教室寵物的原因是helpstudentslearnresponsibility和reducestress，而由畫線詞前But一詞的轉(zhuǎn)折以及下文介紹theDurangoSchoolDistrictinColoradobeganfollowingano-petpolicy(政策)可知，有些人認(rèn)為寵物應(yīng)該“被趕出”教室。2．WhathashappenedinDurangoschools?A．Classroompetsarenotallowed.B．Animalsarenotallowedatschools.C．Manyteachershavepetswithoutfur.D．Manystudentsareallergictoanimals.A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的theDurangoSchoolDistrictinColoradobeganfollowingano-petpolicy(政策)和NowanimalscanbebroughtintoDurangoschoolsforcertainlessons,buttheycan’tstay.可知，該地所有實施無寵物政策，除非有特殊需求，動物不得帶入。即不允許教室里飼養(yǎng)寵物。3．WhatdoesD’LasiaMaysthinkofElliot?A．Heneedsspecialtraining.B．Heneedsmorepropercare.C．Hehaseducationalvalueforkids.D．Heisnotonlylovelybutverysmart.C解析：推理判斷題。由D’LasiaMays說教室里有寵物的益處afunwaytolearnaboutanimals...usedhimtoteachusaboutdifferentsubjects和helpkidslearnhowtoworkasateam可知，她認(rèn)為教室寵物Elliot對孩子們來說有教育價值。4．Whoisagainsthavingclassroompets?A．Theauthor.B．LisaRobbins.C．PatrickMcKinney.D．D’LasiaMays’teacher.C解析：推理判斷題。由PatrickMcKinney所表達(dá)的對于飼養(yǎng)教室寵物的觀點takeawayvaluableclasstime...ahardtimefocusingontheteacher和causesafetyproblems可知，他反對飼養(yǎng)教室寵物。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)完形填空Itwasaround5amonaSaturdaymorningwhenmywife’swaters(羊水)broke.Shewasgoingtogivebirthtoachild.Itwasthefirstdayofher__1__.Shehadjustsaidgoodbyetoherbusyworkand__2__togetseveraldays’restbeforethebaby’sbirth.However,thebaby__3__herplan.Wegottothe__4__at5：30amThen,intheafternoon,Iheardloudhighnoisesandwordsof__5__to“push”.Around3：30pmthatday,ourbabywasborn.Birthisa__6__process.I’msurenooneknowsmoreaboutthatthanmothers.Butevenforthebaby,itisdifficult.However,thereisavaluablelessonto__7__.“Achievingdreamsisneverapainlessprocess.Itisthe__8__andpainoftheundesirablepositionweareinthat__9__ustoreachouttosomethingbetter.”Imaginewhatwould__10__ifthebirthingprocesswas__11__painless.Themothermaynotpush—therewillbenothingmotivating(激勵)hertopush.Thepainisamotivating__12__.Becauseitisthedesireto__13__thepainasquicklyaspossiblethatforceshertopush.__14__，thepainplaysanimportantroleinmakingourdreamsetrue.Ifwearehappyor__15__withourpresentsituation,wewillnot“push”to__16__ourdreams.Therewillbenomotivationtopush__17__wedon’tfeelthepain.Itisinterestingthatmostthingsweneedtodoinordertomoveforwardeventually__18__pain.Therefore,painisgood.Itisthesigntoremindusthatsomethingiswrongandweshoulddosomethingtochangeoursituation.Don’tlosesightofitortrytocoveritup.__19__itandweneedtake__20__．【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者從妻子分娩的痛苦經(jīng)歷中得出了一個人生道理——孕育并實現(xiàn)夢想同樣需要經(jīng)歷痛苦，這是激勵人們改變現(xiàn)狀的動力。1．A.study B．examC．treatment D．leaveD解析：根據(jù)上文中的Itwasthefirstday...以及下文中的saidgoodbyetoherbusywork...可知，作者妻子第一天“休假”。2．A.failed B．decidedC．refused D．happenedB解析：根據(jù)上文中的Shehadjustsaidgoodbyetoherbusywork...可知，作者的妻子“決定”休息幾天。3．A.announced B．developedC．a(chǎn)greed D．changedD解析：根據(jù)上文的作者妻子想要休息幾天卻即將分娩可知，孩子“改變”了她的計劃。4．A.school B．hospitalC．pany D．factoryB解析：根據(jù)上文的Itwasaround5amonaSaturdaymorning...以及．..Shewasgoingtogivebirthtoachild.可知，他們在早上五點半到達(dá)“醫(yī)院”。5．A.encouragement B．laughterC．a(chǎn)ppreciation D．mentA解析：根據(jù)上文作者的妻子即將分娩以及語境可知，作者聽到的是尖叫聲，以及醫(yī)護人員的“鼓勵聲”。6．A.popular B．pleasantC．painful D．naturalC解析：根據(jù)下文的Butevenforthebaby,itisdifficult.及常識可知，生孩子是一個“痛苦的”過程。7．A.learn B．researchC．offer D．designA解析：根據(jù)下文中的Achievingdreamsisneverapainlessprocess.以及語境可知，作者從這件事中“學(xué)會了”一個珍貴的道理。8．A.disability B．dislikeC．disagreement D．disfortD解析：根據(jù)上文中的Achievingdreamsisneverapainlessprocess.可知，正是因為我們的處境中的“不適”和痛苦才迫使我們想要變得更好。9．A.forbid B．forceC．a(chǎn)llow D．wantB解析：根據(jù)語境以及上下文可知，正是因為我們的處境中的不適和痛苦才“迫使”我們想要變得更好。10．A.lose B．fallC．happen D．repeatC解析：根據(jù)下文中的Themothermaynotpush—therewillbenothingmotivating(激勵)hertopush.可知，此處表達(dá)的是設(shè)想一下會“發(fā)生”什么。11．A.directly B．suddenlyC．truly D．pletelyD解析：根據(jù)上文的內(nèi)容及語境可知，此處表達(dá)想象一下如果分娩過程是“完全”無痛的那會怎么樣？12．A.factor B．storyC．influence D．processA解析：根據(jù)下文中的．..thatforceshertopush.可知，痛苦就是一個激勵的“因素”。13．A.end B．feelC．show D．describeA解析：根據(jù)上文可知，痛苦是一個具有激勵作用的因素，是因為正是渴望盡快“結(jié)束”這種痛苦才會迫使作者的妻子去使勁用力。14．A.Firstly B．FortunatelyC．Similarly D．ShortlyC解析：根據(jù)下文中的．..thepainplaysanimportantroleinmakingourdreamsetrue.以及作者由分娩引申到孕育夢想可知，此處為“同樣地”。15．A.disappointed B．satisfiedC．impressed D．familiarB解析：根據(jù)下文中的．..wewillnot“push”．..可知，如果我們對現(xiàn)狀感到“滿意”。16．A.imagine B．expressC．record D．realizeD解析：根據(jù)上文中的Achievingdreamsisneverapainlessprocess.可知，如果滿足于現(xiàn)狀，就不會努力去“實現(xiàn)”夢想。17．A.though B．ifC．until D．butB解析：根據(jù)上下文以及語意可知，“如果”我們感覺不到痛苦，就不會有努力的動力。18．A.suffer B．stopC．cause D．experienceC解析：根據(jù)下文中的Therefore,painisgood.Itisthesign...tochangeoursituation.可知，有時候為了前進，我們做的一些事情最終會“帶來”痛苦。19．A.Notice B．BelieveC．Track D．ControlA解析：根據(jù)上文中的Don’tlosesightofitortrytocoveritup.可知，我們應(yīng)該“注意”到它。20．A.time B．notesC．photos D．a(chǎn)ctionD解析：根據(jù)上文中的．..dosomethingtochangeoursituation.Don’tlosesightofitortrytocoveritup.可知，我們應(yīng)該注意到它并采取“行動”。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅳ)語法填空Evenifyou’veneverbeentoKenya,chancesarethatyouknowwhatitlookslike.Kenya’ssavanna(熱帶草原)isthescenery1.____________manypeoplewouldthinkofwhentheytalkaboutAfrica.MostKenyansliveinthehighlands,whereNairobi,thecapital,sitsat2.____________altitudeof5，500feet.InKenya,morethan60