2022年河南息縣城區(qū)教師選調(diào)英語(yǔ)卷子

2022年河南息縣城區(qū)教師選調(diào)英語(yǔ)卷子2022年河南息縣城區(qū)教師選調(diào)英語(yǔ)卷子1英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Havebreakfast.B.Takeawalk.C.Callhisoffice.2.WhatwasGeorgedoinglastnight?A.Havingameeting.B.Flyinghome.C.Workingonaproject.3.Whydoesthemansuggestgoingtothepark?A.It’sbig.B.It’squiet.C.It’snew.4.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Annoyed.B.Pleased.C.Puzzled.5Whereistheman’stable?A.Nearthedoor.B.Bythewindow.C.Inthecorner.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段，回答問(wèn)題6和7。6.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotonight?A.Eatout.B.Goshopping.C.Dosports.7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Bossandsecretary.B.Hostessandguest.C.Husbandandwife.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.WhydoesthewomanthinkJulyisthebesttimetomove?A.Theirbusinessisslow.B.Theweatherisfavorable.C.It’seasytohirepeople.9.Howwilltheyhandlethemoving?A.Finishitallatonce.B.Havethesalessectiongofirst.C.Doonedepartmentatatime.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.WhatdidPeterlearnfromhisgrandfather?A.Howtoappreciateartworks.B.Howtodealwithartists.C.Howtorunamuseum.11.WhatdidPeterdoinChicago?A.Hestudiedatacollege.B.Heservedinthearmy.C.Heworkedinagallery.12.WhoseworksdidPeterlikebest?A.Rembrandt’s.B.Botticelli’s.C.Rubens’.聽(tīng)第9段，回答問(wèn)題13至16。13.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atalibrary.B.Inalawfirm.C.Onatrain.14.BywhattimedidJohnplantofinishhistermpaper?A.March.B.August.C.October.15.WhydidJohnquithispart-timejob?A.Hehadtocatchupwithhisstudy.B.Hewasofferedabetterone.C.Hegottiredofit.16.WhatisSusan’sattitudetoJohn’sproblem?A.Carefree.B.Understanding.C.Forgiving.聽(tīng)第10段，回答問(wèn)題17至20。17.Whatdidthespeakerdobeforetheyear2012?A.Afitnesscoach.B.Achessplayer.C.Amarathonrunner.18.Whywasthe2016Olympicsimportantforthespeaker?A.HewasmotivatedbyBolt.B.Hebrokeaworldrecord.C.Hewonfifthplace.19.Whichisthehardestforthespeaker?A.Gettingoveraninjury.B.Doingstrengthtraining.C.RepresentingBotswana.20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.Hisplantogoforthegold.B.Hisexperienceonthetrack.C.Hisloveforhishomecountry.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AHenryRaeburn(1756-1823)TheExhibitionThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotland’sbestlovedpainter,SirHenryRaeburn,estoLondon.Selectedfromcollectionsthroughouttheworld,itisthefirstmajorexhibitionofhisworktobeheldinoverfortyyears.LectureSeriesScottishNationalPortrait(肖像畫)Gallerypresentsaseriesoflecturesforthegeneralpublic.TheyareheldintheLectureRoom.Admissiontolecturesisfree.ExhibitionTimesMonday-Saturday10.00-17.45Sunday12.00-17.45Lastadmissiontotheexhibition:17.15.Thereisnore-admission.Closed:24-26Decemberand1January.Admission￡4.Childrenunder12yearsacpaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.SchoolsandCollegesAspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.1.WhatistherighttimeforattendingRaeburn’sEnglishContemporaries?A.Sun.26Oct.B.Thurs.30Oct.C.Thurs.6Nov.D.Thurs.13Nov.2.Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?A.￡4.B.￡8.C.￡12.D.￡16.3.Howcanfull-timestudentsgetgroupdiscounts?A.TheyshouldgoonSundaymornings.B.Theyshouldefromartschools.C.Theymustbeledbyteachers.D.TheymusthaveIDcardswiththem.【答案】1.B2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文主要介紹紀(jì)念蘇格蘭最受歡迎的畫家亨利·雷伯恩爵士的展覽?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格右上角Raeburn’sEnglishContemporaries部分“Thursday30Oct.(10月30日星期四)”可知，在10月30日星期四可以去參加Raeburn’sEnglishContemporaries。故選B項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Admission部分“￡4.Childrenunder12yearsacpaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.(4英鎊。12歲以下兒童在一位成人陪同下免費(fèi)入場(chǎng)。)”可知，一對(duì)夫婦應(yīng)付4+4=8英鎊，兩個(gè)12歲以下的兒童在成人陪同下免費(fèi)，即入場(chǎng)費(fèi)為8英鎊。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Aspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.(所有全日制教育的學(xué)生，高至并包括那些學(xué)士學(xué)位水平的學(xué)生，在有教師的組織團(tuán)體中，均可享受每人2英鎊的特別低入場(chǎng)費(fèi)。)”可知，全日制學(xué)生在有教師的組織團(tuán)體中，可以獲得折扣，即他們必須由教師帶領(lǐng)。故選C項(xiàng)。BIn1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.—DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood—traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead,Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden,whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff’sgranddaughter.Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,theyrealizedwhattheyhadundertaken.Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.InWickenden’sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls’decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed(牽涉)drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism(堅(jiān)忍)ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdownfromahilltop:“Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.”4.WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?A.Toteachinaschool.B.TostudyAmericanhistory.C.Towriteabook.D.Todosightseeing.5.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect.B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.C.Theylivedwiththelocalkids.D.Theysufferedseverehardships.6.WhichpartofWickenden’swritingishair-raising?A.TheextremeclimateofAuburn.B.ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.C.TherailroadbuildingintheRockies.D.ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.7.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport.B.Abookreview.C.Achildren’sstory.D.Adiaryentry.【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇書評(píng)。本文簡(jiǎn)要介紹了DorothyWickenden的書籍并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.-DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood-traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.(1916年，來(lái)自紐約奧本市的兩個(gè)富裕家庭的女孩——DorothyWoodruff和RosamondUnderwood——來(lái)到落基山脈的一個(gè)定居點(diǎn)，在一間只有一個(gè)房間的學(xué)校教書。)”可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脈是為了去學(xué)校里教書。故選A項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,andlikethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.(他們和一個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)丶彝ィ锷患乙黄鸢徇M(jìn)去，和他們一樣，幾乎沒(méi)有隱私，很少洗澡，早上醒來(lái)時(shí)被子上覆蓋著一層雪。)”以及“Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆蓋在冰上。)”可知，女孩們的生活條件非常艱苦，她們飽受磨難。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentaileddrillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段與鐵路建設(shè)有關(guān)，這涉及到在令人眩目的暴風(fēng)雪中鉆穿落基山脈。)”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脈的鐵路建設(shè)這一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故選C項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.(這本書以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奧本結(jié)束。)”以及最后一段“Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicismofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.(Wickenden是個(gè)很好的講故事的人。大地的遼闊和人們的堅(jiān)忍使她創(chuàng)作出了一些美麗的作品。)”可知，本文簡(jiǎn)要介紹了Wickenden的書籍內(nèi)容，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)，所以文本是一篇書評(píng)。故選B項(xiàng)。CCanasmallgroupofdrones(無(wú)人機(jī))guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.8.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B.Drones’abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D.Drones’reliableperformanceinremoteareas.9.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.10.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?AToprovideearlywarning.B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews.D.Toacceleratetransportation.11.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”的技術(shù)，無(wú)人機(jī)能在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時(shí)又能幫助鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.(無(wú)人機(jī)已經(jīng)被用于檢查高壓電線。他們完全可以做同樣的事情來(lái)檢查鐵路線路和鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的其他重要方面，如鐵路軌道和換乘點(diǎn)的正確位置)”可知使用無(wú)人機(jī)檢查電力線路使無(wú)人機(jī)應(yīng)用于鐵路線路成為可能。故選A?！?題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)后文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.(據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，僅歐洲鐵路公司每年在鐵路維護(hù)上的花費(fèi)就約為200億歐元，其中包括經(jīng)常在夜間派遣維修人員檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)”可知花在maintenance上的費(fèi)用是用于“inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure(檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”，由此可知“Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety”是指大幅節(jié)省檢修成本和更好地保護(hù)鐵路人員安全，劃線詞和C項(xiàng)：Inspectionandrepair(檢修)含義相近。故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously(工程師們現(xiàn)在正在研究一個(gè)新概念:未來(lái)的鐵路無(wú)人機(jī)。它們將在列車前方的軌道上運(yùn)行，并被設(shè)定為自動(dòng)運(yùn)行)”可知鐵路無(wú)人機(jī)有望讓火車自動(dòng)運(yùn)行。故選B。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章主題段第一段“Canasmallgroupofdrones(無(wú)人機(jī))guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometersofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.(一小群無(wú)人機(jī)能否在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時(shí)，幫助鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元?這很可能是應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”技術(shù)的未來(lái)，以確保全球數(shù)百萬(wàn)公里的鐵路軌道和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施全天候安全運(yùn)行。)”以及后文第二段講到了使用無(wú)人機(jī)檢查電力線路使無(wú)人機(jī)應(yīng)用于鐵路線路成為可能;第三段講到了使用無(wú)人機(jī)大幅節(jié)省維護(hù)成本和更好地保護(hù)鐵路人員安全;第四段講到了通過(guò)使用最新的技術(shù)，無(wú)人機(jī)還可以開(kāi)始為鐵路提供更高的價(jià)值，可知文章主要講述了無(wú)人機(jī)將如何改變鐵路的未來(lái)，所以D項(xiàng)“無(wú)人機(jī)將如何改變鐵路的未來(lái)?！狈衔恼轮行乃枷?，適合作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。DTheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity(肥胖).Itisbelievedthattoday'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestheremendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate￡240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.Itesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers(制造商)sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers'effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkspanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallpaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities(設(shè)施)andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.12.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.C.Toprotectchildren’shealth.D.Toencourageresearchineducation.13.Howdidsomedrinkspaniesrespondtothesugartax?A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.C.Theycutdownontheirproduction.D.Theyreducedtheirproducts’sugarcontent.14.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.B.Milk-baseddrinks.C.Fruitjuices.D.ClassicCoke.15.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.【答案】12.C13.D14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文主要介紹英國(guó)政府對(duì)軟飲料征收糖稅，以解決兒童和青少年的健康問(wèn)題，收入用于學(xué)校體育。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity.(該稅于2016年4月首次宣布，適用于每100毫升含糖超過(guò)5g的軟飲料，旨在幫助減少兒童肥胖。)”可知，征收糖稅的目的是幫助兒童減少肥胖。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Itesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturerssotheycanavoidpayingthetax.(此前，制造商已經(jīng)降低了商店中銷售的超過(guò)一半的軟飲料的含糖量，以避免納稅。)”可知，一些飲料公司通過(guò)降低了產(chǎn)品的含糖量來(lái)避稅。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallpaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.(然而，一些高糖品牌，如經(jīng)典可口可樂(lè)，已經(jīng)接受了糖稅，并拒絕改變，因?yàn)閾?dān)心會(huì)惹惱消費(fèi)者。果汁、以牛奶為原料的飲料和大多數(shù)酒精飲料是免稅的，每年生產(chǎn)不到100萬(wàn)升的小公司也是免稅的。)”可知，糖稅主要來(lái)自經(jīng)典可口可樂(lè)這些高糖品牌。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Today’sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitiesandhealthiereatinginschools.(根據(jù)一位政府官員的說(shuō)法，今天的數(shù)據(jù)顯示了糖稅的積極影響，它為學(xué)校的體育設(shè)施和健康飲食籌集了數(shù)百萬(wàn)英鎊)”可推斷，糖稅政策的實(shí)施是一個(gè)成功的政策。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，從文章后的選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳選項(xiàng)填空。其中兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)是多余的。Friendshipneedscareandattentiontokeepitingoodhealth.Herearefivewaystosustain(保持)long-distancefriendships.·SetaregulardateLong-lastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicthatbothsidesequallycontact(聯(lián)系)andsharewithoneanother.Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.___16___.·Moreisn’talwaysmerrierMakesureyouhavemunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.___17___.Therearealternativestoconstantwrittenmunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.·Practiseempathy(共情)___18___.Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltimedemandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.·___19___Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Althoughtechnologymightmakeday-to-daymunicationpossible,extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecialdays.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends’birthdaysandotherimportantdateswillmakesurenothingslipsbyyou.·Don’trelyontechnologyalone___20___,butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.Trytoseekoutchancestorenewfriendships.Howtodoit?Justspendface-to-facetimetogetherwheneverpossible.A.RememberimportantdatesB.CompensatebywritinglettersC.ItisalsohelpfulforyoutobeafriendshipkeeperD.TrytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoitE.FriendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofmunicationF.ItiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmediaG.Youmaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehind【答案】16D17.B18.G19.A20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了五種維系異地友誼的方法?！?6題詳解】上文“Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.”(平日繁忙，很難抽出時(shí)間打電話。)講的是雙方都很忙碌，很難有時(shí)間給對(duì)方打電話，D項(xiàng)“盡量找個(gè)雙方都有空的時(shí)間去打電話，并堅(jiān)持下去”給出了解決沒(méi)時(shí)間打電話這個(gè)問(wèn)題的方法，符合題意。故選D項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】上文“Makesureyouhavemunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.”(確保你已經(jīng)與你的朋友溝通過(guò)，了解你們彼此希望聯(lián)系的次數(shù)，以及哪種溝通方式最適合你們兩人。)提到異地朋友之間要商量溝通方式，B項(xiàng)“可以通過(guò)寫信補(bǔ)償”提出了其中一種溝通方式：寫信，下文“Therearealternativestoconstantwrittenmunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.”(除了不斷的文字交流，還有其他方式，比如發(fā)語(yǔ)音或者組建群聊。)補(bǔ)充了發(fā)語(yǔ)音等其他溝通方式，其中“constantwrittenmunication”呼應(yīng)了B項(xiàng)的“writingletters”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】下文“Thefriendwhoisremaining”(留下來(lái)的朋友)和“Theoneinthenewenvironment”(在新環(huán)境中的那個(gè))提到朋友的兩個(gè)不同處境，G項(xiàng)“你可能是朋友中離開(kāi)的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了異地友誼中分為離開(kāi)的一方和留下的一方，其中“thefriendwholeft”和“theonewhowasleftbehind”分別對(duì)應(yīng)下文“Theoneinthenewenvironment”和“Thefriendwhoisremaining”，所以G項(xiàng)符合題意。故選G項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處的內(nèi)容是維系異地友誼的第四個(gè)方法，是第五段的小標(biāo)題。下文“Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.”(周年紀(jì)念日和生日對(duì)于異地友誼而言是非常重要的。)講的是諸如周年紀(jì)念日和生日等重要的日子對(duì)于維系異地友誼是非常重要的，由此推知，這段對(duì)應(yīng)的維系異地友誼的方法是A項(xiàng)“記得重要的日子”，所以A項(xiàng)符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】設(shè)空處所在句子的后半句“butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.”(但是異地友誼——甚至是關(guān)系親密的友誼——可能需要更加自覺(jué)地去維系。)講的是我們要更加自覺(jué)地維系異地友誼，其中“but”說(shuō)明后半句與設(shè)空處形成轉(zhuǎn)折，而F項(xiàng)“朋友之間很容易通過(guò)社交媒體產(chǎn)生一種聯(lián)結(jié)感”講的是可以通過(guò)社交媒體這種方式很容易與朋友產(chǎn)生聯(lián)結(jié)，與后半句“requiremoreconsciousefforttosustain”形成轉(zhuǎn)折，而且其中的“socialmedia”呼應(yīng)了該段的小標(biāo)題“Don’trelyontechnologyalone”(不要僅僅依賴技術(shù))中的“technology”。故選F項(xiàng)。語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題;每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there’ssomethinghighlyexcitingabout___21___someoneelse’sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably___22___athiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies___23___.Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas___24___asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.Butour___25___researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology___26___thatidea.Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each___27___satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor___28___.Wethenaskedthechildifshecould___29___orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldn’t.Thesame___30___happenedwhentheadultcoveredherownmouth:___31___childrensaidthattheycouldn’t___32___toher.Anumberof___33___ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.Theresultswereclear:Ouryoungsubjects___34___thequestionsandknew___35___whatwasaskedofthem.Their___36___tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue___37___that“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.”Theysimply___38___mutual(相互的)recognitionandregard.Our___39___suggestwhenachild“hides”byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod___40___whenothersuseit.21.A.followingB.takingC.escapingD.directing22.A.cleverB.badC.scaredD.quick23.A.exposedB.examinedC.untouchedD.imbalanced24.A.supportedB.guaranteedC.imaginedD.interpreted25.A.disappointingB.mixedC.surprisingD.desired26.A.explainedB.confirmedC.contradictedD.tested27.A.parentB.childC.researcherD.doctor28.A.feetB.noseC.handsD.ears29.A.seeB.helpC.reachD.fool30.A.eventB.thingC.actionD.accident31.A.YetB.NowC.SoonD.Once32.A.speakB.listenC.turnD.wave33.A.instructionsB.descriptionsC.experimentsD.assumptions34.A.prehendedB.predictedC.exploredD.ignored35.A.partlyB.honestlyC.vaguelyD.exactly36.A.responsesB.approachesC.contributionD.sensitivity37.A.abilityB.beliefC.identityD.purpose38.A.holdbackB.relatetoC.insistonD.makeup39.A.limitationsB.requirementsC.theoriesD.findings40.A.tentativeB.impressiveC.creativeD.effective【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.D25.C26.C27.B28.D29.A30.B31.B32.A33.C34.A35.D36.A37.B38.C39.D40.D【解析】【導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文主要通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，兒童在捉迷藏時(shí)，只捂眼睛并不是利己主義的結(jié)果，而是兒童堅(jiān)持相互認(rèn)可和尊重?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，避開(kāi)別人的目光，讓自己無(wú)法被別人看到，這是一件非常令人興奮的事情。A.following跟隨;B.taking取走;C.escaping避開(kāi);D.directing指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)上文“Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.”可知，兒童喜歡玩捉迷藏，避開(kāi)別人的目光。故選C項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我們都看到學(xué)齡前兒童非常不善于隱藏。A.clever聰明的;B.bad不擅長(zhǎng)的;C.scared害怕的;D.quick快的。根據(jù)下文“Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies”可知，兒童不擅長(zhǎng)隱藏，bebadatsth.表示“不擅長(zhǎng)某事”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身體暴露在外。A.exposed無(wú)遮蔽的;B.examined已檢查過(guò)的;C.untouched未受影響的;D.imbalanced失衡的。根據(jù)上文“Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies”可知，兒童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身體的其余部分無(wú)遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，這種無(wú)效的隱藏方法被解釋為兒童是無(wú)可救藥的“自我中心”生物的證據(jù)。A.supported支持;B.guaranteed保證;C.imagined想象;D.interpreted解釋。根據(jù)下文“asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”creatures.”可知，此處表示這種無(wú)效的隱藏方法被解釋為證據(jù)，證明兒童是以自我為中心的。故選D項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但我們?cè)趦和l(fā)展心理學(xué)方面令人驚訝的研究結(jié)果與這一觀點(diǎn)相矛盾。A.disappointing令人失望的;B.mixed混合的;C.surprising令人驚訝的;D.desired渴望的。根據(jù)下文“researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology_6_thatidea.”可知，研究結(jié)果與之前的觀點(diǎn)相矛盾，所以研究結(jié)果是令人驚訝的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但我們?cè)趦和l(fā)展心理學(xué)方面令人驚訝的研究結(jié)果與這一觀點(diǎn)相矛盾。A.explained解釋;B.confirmed證實(shí);C.contradicted相矛盾;D.tested測(cè)試。根據(jù)下文“Our19suggestwhenachild“hides”byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod_20_whenothersuseit.”可知，研究結(jié)果與之前的觀點(diǎn)是相矛盾的。故選C項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每個(gè)兒童都和一個(gè)成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A.parent父母親;B.child兒童;C.researcher研究員;D.doctor醫(yī)生。根據(jù)上文“Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.”可知，兒童參加實(shí)驗(yàn)，此處表示每個(gè)兒童和一個(gè)成年人坐在一起。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每個(gè)兒童都和一個(gè)成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A.feet腳;B.nose鼻子;C.hands手;D.ears耳朵。根據(jù)下文“orheartheadult”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)中，兒童被詢問(wèn)是否能聽(tīng)到成年人的聲音，所以此處表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我們問(wèn)兒童是否能看到或聽(tīng)到成年人的聲音。A.see看見(jiàn);B.help幫助;C.reach到達(dá);D.fool欺騙。根據(jù)上文“anadultwhocoveredherowneyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此處兒童被詢問(wèn)是否能看見(jiàn)成年人。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)成年人捂住她自己的嘴時(shí)，同樣的事情發(fā)生了：此刻孩子們說(shuō)他們不能和她說(shuō)話。A.event大事;B.thing事情;C.action行動(dòng);D.accident事故。根據(jù)下文“childrensaidthattheycouldn’t_12_toher.”可知，此處表示同樣的事情發(fā)生了，孩子們表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人說(shuō)話了。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)成年人捂住她自己的嘴時(shí)，同樣的事情發(fā)生了：此刻孩子們說(shuō)他們不能和她說(shuō)話。A.Yet然而;B.Now此刻;C.Soon很快;D.Once一次。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，此處表示當(dāng)成年人捂住自己的嘴時(shí)，這時(shí)孩子們說(shuō)不能和成年人說(shuō)話了。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)成年人捂住她自己的嘴時(shí)，同樣的事情發(fā)生了：此刻孩子們說(shuō)他們不能和她說(shuō)話。A.speak說(shuō);B.listen聽(tīng);C.turn轉(zhuǎn);D.wave揮手。根據(jù)上文“whentheadultcoveredherownmouth”可知，此處孩子們表示他們不能和成年人說(shuō)話了。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：許多實(shí)驗(yàn)排除了孩子們誤解了他們被問(wèn)到的問(wèn)題。A.instructions命令;B.descriptions說(shuō)明;C.experiments實(shí)驗(yàn);D.assumptions假設(shè)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，此處表示上文中的許多實(shí)驗(yàn)排除了孩子們會(huì)誤解問(wèn)題這一情況。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：結(jié)果很清楚：我們的年輕受試者理解了這些問(wèn)題，并且確切地知道他們被問(wèn)到了什么。A.prehended理解;B.predicted預(yù)測(cè);C.explored探索;D.ignored忽略。根據(jù)下文“thequestionsandknew_15_whatwasaskedofthem”可知，兒童理解了問(wèn)題，并能確切地知道自己被問(wèn)了什么。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：結(jié)果很清楚：我們的年輕受試者理解了這些問(wèn)題，并且確切地知道他們被問(wèn)到了什么。A.partly部分地;B.honestly誠(chéng)實(shí)地;C.vaguely含糊地;D.exactly確切地。根據(jù)下文“whatwasaskedofthem.Their16tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue_17_”可知，孩子們確切地知道自己被問(wèn)了什么，他們的答案反映了他們真實(shí)的看法。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們對(duì)這些問(wèn)題的回答反映了他們真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你?！盇.responses回答;