語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句

語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句一、句子結(jié)構(gòu)的三種類(lèi)型：

1.簡(jiǎn)單句（SimpleSentence)2.并列句（CompoundSentence)3.(主從)復(fù)合句（ComplexSentence)(1)簡(jiǎn)單句的五大基本句型：

主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)

主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)＋不及物動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋間賓＋直賓主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)

Herfaceturnedredwithanger.Youcanconsidermysuggestion.

Thiskindofclothsellswell.Heboughtmeacomputer.Hefoundthedoorlocked.（2）并列句結(jié)構(gòu)：簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句（3）復(fù)合句：簡(jiǎn)單句+從屬連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句從句擔(dān)當(dāng)主句的一個(gè)句子成份?？煞譃槊~性從句、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句。HehasstudiedEnglishforonlyoneyear,

buthecanreadandwritenow.Keeponandyouwillmakeprogress.引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)在從句中作賓語(yǔ)可省去

先行詞為whothatwhomwhichwhose人物/人人物某人/某物的WhenWherewhy

摘要

作用例句作主語(yǔ)Wevisitedthefactorywhich\thatmakestoysforchildren.Mostmanagerswho\thatarepresentatthemeetingagreedtotheplan.作賓語(yǔ)Thestudentwhom\that\whoyouwanttoseehascome.Theletterwhich\thatIreceivedyesterdaywasfrommyfather.作定語(yǔ)Thegirl

whosemotherisateacherworksveryhard.Theroomwhose

windowswerebrokenwasmine.作狀語(yǔ)In1998,hereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewup.IstillrememberthedaywhenImethimforthefirsttime.Thereasonwhyhemissedthespeechwasthathedidn’tcatchthebus.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的作用關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇1.Thereason_____hemissedthespeechwasthatheforgotthetime.2.Thereason____________hegaveussoundedreasonable.3.I’llneverforgettheday____________wespenttogetherinParis.4.I’llremembertheday________westayedtogetheratthattime.5.Thisisthefactory____________wevisitedlastyear.6.Thisisthehouse_________Lincolnoncelived.Remember:取決于他們?cè)趶木渲凶魇裁闯煞荩@又取決于從句是否缺主要句子成分（、、），缺否則取決于()。whythat\whichthat\whichwhenthat\whichwhere7.(1)Hestilllivesintheroom________windowfacestothesouth.(2)Hestilllivesintheroom_________isinthenorthofthecity.whosewhich8.(1)Iwillneverforgetthedays________westudiedtogether.(2)Iwillneverforgetthedays_________wespenttogether.whenthat

9.(1)Thereason________hedidn’tcomewasthathewasill.(2)Thereason_________heexplainedisnottrue.whythat10.(1)Wewillmeetattheplace________wemetlastmonth.(2)Wewillmeetattheplace________wevisitedlastmonth.wherethat

練一練

who,that

指人時(shí)有區(qū)別嗎？1.用who不用that的情況：

當(dāng)先行詞為one,ones,anyone,those等人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí)。HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Thosewhohavedifficultywithpronunciationshouldpracticemore.2.用that不用who的情況：

(1)當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物。(2)當(dāng)句子已出現(xiàn)一個(gè)who。（3）在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。Hetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthathehadrememberedthere.Whoisthemanthatspoketoyoujustnow?Maryisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.which,that

指事物時(shí)有區(qū)別嗎？1.只用that不用which的情況：

(1)先行詞為much,little,few,nothing,none,anything,no,all等不定代詞

（2）先行詞既是人又是物。

（3）先行詞為形容詞的最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞。（4）先行詞被thevery,theonly,thelast,any,every等修飾時(shí)。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Hespokeofthethings

and

personsthathehadseenabroad.Thisistheverybook

thatIamlookingfor.（5）關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.ThisisoneofthebestfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.只能用which的情況:2.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能用which(1)Themachine,whichIhavelookedafterformanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.(2)Shefailedtheexam,whichmadeherparentsvaryangry.(3)Hesawafilm,whichwasabouttheLongMarch.(4)Myglasses,withoutwhichIwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.1.介詞前置時(shí)關(guān)系代詞只能用which指事物Remember:Which在這兩種情況下即使在句中作賓語(yǔ)也不能省。介詞+關(guān)系代詞前置介詞后作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞不能省，且只有whom和which

。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：where,when,why=介詞+which介詞的選擇（1）（2）1.Thisisthereason____________helefthishometown.(=

)2.I’llneverforgettheday___________westayed

together.(=)3.Thisisthegirl_____________Ilearnedthenews.4.Theperson___________IspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.5.I’llshowyouastore__________youmaybuyallthatyouneed.(=)6.Idon’tliketheway_________youlaughedather.(=)forwhichonwhichfromwhom

towhominwhichinwhich難點(diǎn)解析：關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)的幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：1.介詞+whom\whichThewomangeneralstillrememberthedayonwhichshejoinedthearmy.2.介詞短語(yǔ)+which\whomThefishermanlivedinasmallhouseinfrontofwhichliesawell.

3.不定代詞或數(shù)詞+of+which\whomTherearemanybookshere,noneofwhichbelongstome.Chinahasalotoffamouswriters,oneofwhomisLuxun.4.The名詞+ofwhich=_________________Shementionedamagazine,thetitleofwhichIhaveforgotten.=andshejoinedthearmyonthatday

=andawellliesinfrontofit.=andnoneofthembelongstome.=andoneofthemisLuxin=andIhaveforgottenthetitleofit

試試看：1.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof_________hadnotbeencleanedforatleastoneyear.2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasnotasingleperson___________shecouldturnforhelp.3.Chinahasalotofislands,thelargest______________isTaiwan.4.Theoldladyhadonesonandtwodaughters,________________________treatedherwell,______madeherverysad.5.Therearefortystudentsinourclass,_____________20aregirls;therestareboys.whichtowhomofwhichnoneofwhomwhichofwhom基礎(chǔ)鞏固(Mistakecorrecting)1.Doyoulikethebikeyourfriendgaveittoyou?2.Thisistheveryplacewherewevisitedmanyyearsago.3.Therearetenstudentsareplayingbasketballontheplayground.4.EnglishisasubjectIaminterested.5.CanyoushowmethebookwhichhavebeentranslatedintoEnglishbySmith?\（多詞）（錯(cuò)用引導(dǎo)詞）（漏引導(dǎo)詞）（漏介詞）（主謂不一致）三.定語(yǔ)從句的類(lèi)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。非限定從注意問(wèn)題：1.Hismother,whom(?)heloveddearly,wentabroad.2.Thismachine,which(?)hehaslookedafterformanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.3.Hesaidthathehadneverseenherbefore,whichwasnottrue.說(shuō)明：非限制性定語(yǔ)不能用that引導(dǎo)；作賓語(yǔ)用的關(guān)系代詞不能?。灰枚禾?hào)隔開(kāi)。限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限性定語(yǔ)從句用法與區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句.“非限”使用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)。Sheisthenursewholooksafterthechildren.Theletterisfrommysister,whoisworkinginBeijing.“非限”不能用that引導(dǎo)ThatistheverytoolthatwearelookingforIsawagoodfilm,whichwasabouttheLongMarch“非限”關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)不可省略Iwillneverforgettheday（that）wespenttogetherthereHisdog,whichhelikedverymuch,diedyesterday.“限”只修飾先行詞；“非限”既可修飾先行詞，也可是前面的整個(gè)句子或從句或句子的一部分IhavefinishedthenovelthatyoulentmeyesterdayHesuddenlyfellill,whichpreventedhimfromgoingtoschool.你知道嗎?As也可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句.1.Heisnot

suchaman

asonlythinkofhimself.2.Ishouldliketousethesamepen

as

Iusedyesterday.3.Suchproblemsasareoftenmentionedshouldbesolved.4.Iwillreadasmanybooksasarerequired.5.Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.當(dāng)先行詞與as,so,such,thesame連用或先行詞本身是such,thesame時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用as.As在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)討論：as,which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句有什么不同嗎？1.which的先行詞可以是名詞或從句，as不可。(1)Themeeting,whichwasheldinthepark,wasagreatsuccess.(2)Hesaidthathehadneverseenhebefore,whichwasnottrue.2.which和as都可代替整個(gè)句子，但which引導(dǎo)的不在放句首。(1)Cruso’sdogbecameillanddied,whichmadehimverylonely.(2)Asweexpected,Ourfootballteamlostthematchagain.3.as引導(dǎo)的從句有(正如……),(就象……)等含義.(1)TaiwanisapartofChina,asisknowntousall.(2)Sheisverycareful,asherworkshows,(3)Theladyisverylearned,asissaidinthebook.定語(yǔ)從句和其它句型的轉(zhuǎn)換1.定語(yǔ)從句和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：(1)TherearelotsofgoodEnglishprogramswhicharebroadcastonTVortheradioinChina.------TherearelotsofgoodEnglishprograms________onTVortheradioinChina.(2)AtonetimetherewerelongqueuesofpeoplewhowerewaitingoutsidetheCAACoffices.------Atonetimetherewerelongqueuesofpeople________outsidetheCAACoffices.分析：從句是主動(dòng)形式，用現(xiàn)在分詞;從句是被動(dòng)形式，用過(guò)去分詞?；蛘呖炊ㄕZ(yǔ)和被修飾詞之間的關(guān)系，如果定語(yǔ)和被修飾詞之間是主謂關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果定語(yǔ)和被修飾詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞；

broadcastwaiting2.定語(yǔ)從句和并列句

1.Isawsometrees,andtheleavesofthetreeswereblackwithdisease.=Isawsometrees,theleavesof________wereblackwithdisease.=_________wereblack.2.Theprofessorisanordinary-lookinglittleman,onthenoseof__________thereisapairofglasses分析：是否有連詞是區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和并列句的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵whichwhom3.定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句(1)Thisissuchabigstone_______noonecanliftit.Thisissuchabigstone_______noonecanlift.(2)Pleaseputtheletterinthedrawer___________hecaneasilyfindit.(=where)Pleaseputtheletter_________hecaneasilyfindit.(3)Pleaseputtheletterinwhichhecaneasilyfindit.

這句子正確嗎？分析：（1）句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中的that是連詞，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，而定語(yǔ)從句中的as在從句中要作一個(gè)成分（主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)）。thatasinwhichwhere4.定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句(1)Hedidall(that)hecouldtohelpme.(=what)(2)Whoeverleavetheroomlastwillturnthelights.(=)(3)_______isknowntousa