GRE填空講義 黃頎

-PAGE22-GRE填空串講黃頎一、概述1、GRE簡介北美研究生入學(xué)考試，形勢、展望和對策2、考試題型簡介填空、類比、閱讀、反義3、學(xué)習(xí)方法和時間規(guī)劃4、GRE填空基本認(rèn)識4-1出題原則A公平→絕對不能涉及背景知識B重復(fù)→信息重現(xiàn)的提示存在邏輯相關(guān)4-2出題模式A題自身包含解題線索→答案的唯一性。B增加閱讀難度→干擾答題速度和準(zhǔn)確率。例1：年輕人是____。A充滿活力的B年輕的C朝氣蓬勃的D不老的E沖動的1、有同義重復(fù)，由已知推未知2、無同義重復(fù)，負(fù)負(fù)得正例2：秦始皇，中國歷史上第一個皇帝，是一個____皇帝。A殘暴的B偉大的C好色的D奢侈的E勤政的

例3：秦始皇，中國歷史上第一個皇帝，是一個____皇帝；他旰食宵衣，每天批閱大臣上奏的關(guān)于政務(wù)的竹簡令人難以置信的達(dá)到數(shù)百斤。A殘暴的B偉大的C好色的D奢侈的E勤政的分號、冒號、破折號——同義重復(fù)二、填空題解題步驟第一步、讀主干（主謂賓）||理關(guān)系第二步、找關(guān)鍵詞/短語/語氣第三步、選答案并適當(dāng)理解全句驗(yàn)證與其說GRE填空是英語水平檢測，倒不如說是以英語為載體的邏輯推理能力檢測?！睢睢睢睢?主干大法：根據(jù)空格的位置在句中所做的成分來確定做題的步驟適用于80%以上的考題ⅰA→BA主語→謂語B賓語下劃線在句中是主語，就把賓語填回來下劃線在句中是賓語，就把主語填回來謂語動詞：表示贊揚(yáng)、支持的正評價或中性的陳述-主干大法一謂語動詞：標(biāo)出消除、抵制、對抗等，要取非之后填回來ⅱ（~）A→（~）B下劃線在修飾主語的地方，從修飾賓語的地方填回來下劃線在修飾賓語的地方，從修飾主語的地方填回來ⅲ（~）A（+/-）（~）B，because（~）A’（+/-）（~）B’因?yàn)锳支持B，所以A’支持B’因?yàn)锳反對B，所以A’反對B’ⅳ（~）A（-/+）（~）B，but（~）A’（+/-）（~）B’盡管A反對B，但是A’卻支持B’盡管A支持B，但是A’卻反對B’although1、Thedisjunctionbetweeneducationalobjectivesthatstressindependenceandindividualityandthosethatemphasizeobediencetorulesandcooperationwithothersreflectsa（賓語）thatarisesfromthevaluesonwhichtheseobjectivesarebased.Aconflict斗爭Bredundancy冗余Cgain收獲Dpredictability可預(yù)言Ewisdom智慧2、Scholars'senseoftheuniquenessofthecentralconceptof"thestate"atthetimewhenpoliticalsciencebecameanacademicfieldquitenaturallyledtostrivingforacorrespondinglymodeofstudy.一個動詞之后跟另一個動詞，不論是不定式或者ing形式，看做一個完整的謂語修飾賓語，看主語的修飾詞；最關(guān)鍵的修飾語離修飾詞最近；uniqueness:獨(dú)一無二的Athorough徹底的Bdistinctive與眾不同的，獨(dú)一無二的Cdependable可靠的Dscientific科學(xué)的Edynamic動力的介詞后面的東西不可能做主、謂、賓，一般不看，除非有線索表明介詞后面的部分對同義或反義有影響第一空：opposition對立；beportrayedas被描繪成(對立)；B+D選項第二空：between…and…修飾賓語B，不看，從修飾A的成分尋找答案（原則2）；ofgoodandevil好和壞，善與惡；andtheerrant負(fù)評價；第二空答案應(yīng)為正評價；de壞；bene；好4、TheresultsoftheexperimentsperformedbyElizabethHazenandRachelBrownwerenotonlybecausetheseresultschallengedoldassumptionsbutalsobecausetheycalledthemethodologyintoquestion.兩個原因推出一個結(jié)果；第二個原因不完整，不看。第一空:挑戰(zhàn)了舊的假設(shè)Aprovocative挑釁的，挑戰(zhàn)的..prevailingBpredictable可以預(yù)言的..contemporaryCinconclusive沒有決定的..traditionalDintriguing迷人的，吸引人的..projectedEspecious似是而非的..originalcallsth.intoquestion5、ThespellingsofmanyoldEnglishwordshavebeeninthelivinglanguage,althoughtheirpronunciationshavechanged.although表兩邊取非，反義重復(fù)；第4主干取非；change的反義詞（原則4）Apreserved保存Bshortened縮短Cpreempted搶先占有Drevised修改Eimproved改善6、Yellowfever,thediseasethatkilled4,000philadelphiansin1793,andsoMemphis,Tennessee,thatthecitylostitscharter,hasreappearedafternearlytwodecadesinintheWesternHemisphere.第二空：原則2；主語后不是直接的謂語，是逗號-插入語-暫時不看-哪怕有空格，回來再看；hasreappeared謂語；afternearlytwodecadesin修飾謂語，進(jìn)行限定，所以一定不矛盾，20年后重現(xiàn)，20年前有，只有20年之間沒有才能20年后重現(xiàn)，所以應(yīng)該填“沒有”Aterrorized..contention爭論Bravaged..secret秘密Cdisabled..quarantine檢疫，隔離Dcorrupted貪污腐敗..quiescence禁止Edecimated大屠殺，殘殺..abeyance禁止不認(rèn)識的單詞，首字母縮略and:both…and…,between…and…要考慮為修飾語，不看;單個and出現(xiàn)，表示兩邊是并列而且是同義重復(fù)第一空：and后邊應(yīng)為動詞，與kill相對應(yīng)，同義重復(fù)。so…that…不用看，其實(shí)為修飾。chart特許狀，特權(quán)7、Therearenosolitary,free-livingcreatures;everyformoflifeisotherforms.離不開其他生物Asegregatedfrom分離Bparallelto平行Cdependenton依賴Dovershadowedby遮蔽Emimickedby模仿注意事項：找最直接的選項，避免發(fā)散性思維8、Thenaturalbalancebetweenpreyandpredatorhasbeenincreasingly,mostfrequentlybyhumanintervention.increasingly：一般情況下，副詞不需要讀，但表示負(fù)評價、反對、少、低、明確的時間副詞需要重點(diǎn)閱讀AcelebratedBpredictedCobservedDdisturbedEquestioned先推哪一個空格都可以，怎么解題快速怎么來9、Partsofseventeenth-centuryChinesepleasuregardenswerenotnecessarilyintendedtolook;theyweredesignedexpresslytoevoketheagreeablemelancholyresultingfromasenseoftheofnaturalbeautyandhumanglory.分號：并列且同義重復(fù)；melancholy（黑膽汁-憂傷）一個動詞之后跟著另一個動詞，不論是ing還是不定式，只看離動作對象（名詞）最近、最直接的動詞；注：否定詞保留分號左邊，not，要構(gòu)成同義重復(fù)，所以第一空應(yīng)填“憂傷”反義詞，負(fù)負(fù)得正Abeautiful美麗..immutability永恒Bcheerful高興..transitoriness短暫的Ccolorful彩色..abstractness抽象的，摘要Dluxuriant奢華..simplicity簡單Econventional傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗..wildness狂野AresultfromB=BleadtoA,because,原則3，兩邊重復(fù)，憂傷的sence三、邏輯關(guān)系剖析第一類同義重復(fù)1、并列關(guān)系：特征詞：and,also,or,notonly…butalso…10、Thenewbiologicalpsychiatrydoesnotdenythecontributingroleofpsychologicalfactorsinmentalillnesses,butpositsthatthesefactorsmayactasacatalystonexistingphysiologicalconditionsandsuchillnesses.notdeny負(fù)負(fù)得正，表支持；posit假定andsuchillnesses（名詞，賓語），and后應(yīng)為動詞act-actasacatalyst作為催化劑起作用Adisguise偽裝Bimpede阻礙Cconstrain抑制Dprecipitate促進(jìn)Econsummate完成11、Fewofustakethepainstostudyourcherishedconvictions;indeed,wealmosthaveanaturaldoingso.few,little——沒有，takethepainsto努力做某事fewstudy=不研究；同義重復(fù)；空格前沒有取非，空格應(yīng)為“不”，負(fù)評價，本能的反感厭惡優(yōu)先選擇感情色彩強(qiáng)烈的選項Aaptitudefor傾向Brepugnanceto反感，厭惡Cinterestin感興趣Dignoranceof忽略Ereactionafter反應(yīng)12、Kaganmaintainsthat（aninfant'sreactionstoitsfirststressfulexperiencesarepartofanaturalprocessofdevelopment）,notharbingersofchildhoodunhappinessorsignsofadolescentanxiety.遇到賓語從句，不關(guān)心主句的主干，只關(guān)心賓語從句的主干or否定句中替代and;harbinger=空格+signsAprophetic預(yù)言的Bnormal正常的Cmonotonous單調(diào)的Dvirtual事實(shí)的Etypical典型的2、因果關(guān)系特征詞：because、inthat、for、therefore、thus、accordingly、consequently、given、thereby、dueto、hence、so…that、so…asto、if…then、asaresult、resultin、inthesensethat、cause、giveriseto、when…then、aslongas…so…that如此…以至于…so…asto不看so與as中間的部分，只看to后面的部分，只只看真正的動作13、Hewasregardedbyhisfollowers,assomethingof,notonlybecauseofhisinsistenceonstrictdiscipline,butalsobecauseofhisadherencetoformaldetails.堅持嚴(yán)格的紀(jì)律，固執(zhí)的Aamartinet嚴(yán)格堅持紀(jì)律的人..rigid嚴(yán)格的Banauthority..sporadic權(quán)威Catyrant..reluctant暴君Dafraud..conscientious騙子Eanacolyte..maniacal侍僧，助手14、Aslongasnationscannotthemselvesaccumulateenoughphysicalpowertodominateallothers,theymustdependon.支配vs依賴AalliesBresourcesCfreedomDeducationEself-determination15、Duringperiodsofsocialandculturalstability,manyartacademiesaresofirmlycontrolledbythatallrealcreativeworkmustbedonebythe.介詞及其后成分不能做主、謂、賓第一空，對應(yīng)“創(chuàng)新工作”，支持創(chuàng)新或反對；第二空，對應(yīng)“藝術(shù)學(xué)府”，能或不能藝術(shù)；構(gòu)成同義重復(fù)Adogmatists教條主義，反對創(chuàng)新..disenfranchised被剝奪權(quán)利的人（創(chuàng)新工作的人被剝奪權(quán)利），符合邏輯Bmanagers經(jīng)理人..reactionariesCreformers改革者，支持創(chuàng)新..dissatisfied對現(xiàn)實(shí)不滿意的人（現(xiàn)實(shí)：創(chuàng)新）（相當(dāng)于教條主義者）-應(yīng)被改革者完成，因此C選項不符合邏輯Dimposters騙子..academiciansEspecialists專家..elite3、目的、手段、結(jié)果關(guān)系特征詞：inorderto、by、for、resultfrom、leadto…16、EdithWhartonsoughtinhermemoir[音標(biāo)，來自法語詞]topresentherselfashavingachievedaharmoniouswholenessbyhavingtheconflictingelementsofherlife.負(fù)評價、消除矛盾沖突對立元素=實(shí)現(xiàn)和諧Aaffirmed斷定Bhighlighted強(qiáng)調(diào)Creconciled協(xié)調(diào)（感情色彩強(qiáng)烈）Dconfined局限，限制Eidentified識別17、Onceaducklinghasidentifiedaparent,theinstinctivebondbecomesapowerfulforadditionallearningsince,bytheparent,theducklingcanacquirefurtherinformationthatisnotgeneticallytransmitted.第3主干第二空：獲得額外信息bond-紐帶Aimpulse..surpassing超越（不符邏輯）Breferent..recognizing認(rèn)可，承認(rèn)Cforce..acknowledging承認(rèn)，致謝Dinspiration靈感..emulating通過模仿而努力趕超Echannel渠道..mimicking模仿18、Hefeltitwouldbe,inviewoftheintensethatwouldlikelyfollow,tomakethesacrificerequiredinordertogainsuchlittleadvantage.（賓語從句-12）第一空：負(fù)評價inviewof=intermsof=withregardto=because就…而言第二空：負(fù)評價Acharitable仁慈的..growthBwelcomed受歡迎的..prejudiceCfutile沒用的..encouragement鼓勵Dacademic學(xué)院的，學(xué)術(shù)的，學(xué)府的..acclaimEunrealistic不切實(shí)際的..turmoil騷亂，動亂4、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系特征詞：even、indeed19、Intheseventeenthcentury,directfloutingofagenerallyacceptedsystemofvalueswasregardedas,evenasasignofmadness.與madness同義，但程度應(yīng)減小，負(fù)評價Aadventurous冒險的，危險的（知難而進(jìn)，正評價）dangerous-危險的，有嚴(yán)重后果Bfrivolous輕浮的Cwillful任性的Dimpermissible不被允許的Eirrational不理性的flout嘲笑，蔑視嘲笑=蔑視——負(fù)評價，例外：jape,banter，善意的嘲笑，正評價20、Despiteassortedeffusionstothecontrary,thereisnonecessarylinkbetweenscientificskillandhumanism,and,quitepossibly,theremaybesomethingofabetweenthem.fus-傾倒e-出來Despiteassortedeffusionstothecontrary盡管眾說紛紜Agenerality一般性，普遍性Bfusion熔化，雜合Ccongruity一致Ddichotomy.一分為二，對立Ereciprocity互惠互利5、直接重復(fù)21、Thetechniquesnowavailabletolivestockbreederswillcontinuetobe,butwillprobablybebynewonesunderdevelopment.continue,remain.preserve:直接將前面的狀態(tài)重復(fù)一下即可Afruitful豐富的..reversedBrefined精煉的..upgradedCinconvenient不方便的..reassessedDused可以用的..supplementedEharmless無害的..improved22、Theeradicationofpollutionisnotmerelyamatterof___,thoughthemajesticbeautyofnatureisindeedanimportantconsideration.although,though,despite:表轉(zhuǎn)折Aeconomics經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)Blegislation立法Ccleanliness清潔Daesthetics美，美學(xué)Erestoration23、Comparativelyfewrockmusiciansarewillingtolaughatthemselves,althoughahintofcanboostsalesofvideoclipsverynicely.ahintof一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，少量（抽象不可數(shù)）Aself-deprecation自我貶低BcongenialityCcynicism犬儒主義，嘲笑別人Dembarrassment窘迫Eself-doubt自我懷疑24、Melodramas,whichpresentedstarkoppositionsbetweeninnocenceandcriminality,virtueandcorruption,goodandevil,werepopularpreciselybecausetheyofferedtheaudienceaworldof.melodramas情景喜劇，情節(jié)劇starkoppositions截然對立兩個空放在一起=一個大空，第3主干;they-A’audience-B’of修飾B’they-melodramasAbereft..theatricality失去戲劇性Bcomposed..adversity由逆境組成Cfull..circumstantiality充滿細(xì)節(jié)Ddeprived..polarity被剝奪極性Edevoid..neutrality缺乏中立性（缺乏，負(fù)評價；中立性，對立的反義；負(fù)負(fù)得正）25、Famousamongjobseekersforits,thecompany,quiteapartfromgeneroussalaries,bestowedonitsexecutivesannualbonusesandsuchaslow-interesthomemortgagesandcompanycars.low-interesthomemortgagesandcompanycars低息房屋貸款，公司汽車法則：由已知推未知Amagnanimity..reparations賠償修理Binventiveness創(chuàng)新性..benefits利益好處Clargesse慷慨..perquisites津貼Ddiscernment辨別識別..prerogatives特權(quán)Ealtruism..credits信任6、間接重復(fù)6-1、解釋關(guān)系空格來自某個解釋，通過解釋知道空格答案26、TheMusesaredeities:theyavengethemselveswithoutmercyonthosewhowearyoftheircharms.avengesb.on(upon)sb./sth為了（某人）而向（某人某事）報仇切記：不要展開聯(lián)想！Arueful后悔的Bingenuous真誠的Csolicitous關(guān)心的Dvindictive報仇的Edispassionate冷靜的passion-激情27、Speakersandlistenersarcoftenatodds:languagethatiseasyforthereceivertounderstandisoftendifficultto,andthatwhichiseasilyformulatedcanbehardto矛盾對立：insharpcontrastto;starkopposition;atoddsandthat(language)which(that)formulateunderstandAestimate評估，評價..confirm確定Btransmit傳輸.Defend辯護(hù)Cproduce生產(chǎn)，制造..comprehend理解Dsuppress鎮(zhèn)壓..ignore忽略Eremember記得，想起..forget忘記28、Unenlightenedauthoritarianmanagerarelyrecognizeacrucialreasonforthelowlevelsofseriousconflictamongmembersofdemocraticallyrunworkgroups:amodicumoftolerancefordissentoftenprevents——填空中遇到adj.+n.:（1）n.表示概念、稱謂時，重點(diǎn)看adj.（2）n.是adj.或v.的變形，或n.有具體的含義，有感情色彩，重點(diǎn)看n.rarely“沒有”冒號后面：解釋“沖突的低水平”-“容忍”導(dǎo)致“沖突的低水平”；prevent，負(fù)評價，“導(dǎo)致”的反義詞，amodicumof-負(fù)負(fù)得正——“阻礙”“沖突的高水平”amodicumof=alittle少量，一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)（不可數(shù)n.）Ademur反對Bschism分裂Ccooperation合作Dcompliance遵從，順從Eshortsightedness目光短淺29、Nineteenth-centuryscholars,byexaminingearliergeometricGreekart,foundthatclassicalGreekartwasnotamagicalorabrilliantblendingEgyptianandAssyrianart,butwasindependentlyevolvedbyGreeksinGreece.三位一體戰(zhàn)術(shù)：（一個或一個以上）形容詞+名詞+補(bǔ)充修飾（定語或同位語）——看成一個整體，不可互相矛盾“年輕的年輕人”Astratagem策略..appropriation挪用、撥款Bexemplar模范..synthesis化學(xué)、合成Cconversion轉(zhuǎn)變..annexation附加Dparadigm范例..construct構(gòu)造Eapparition鬼怪、幽靈..amalgam混合物magical魔幻的-魔幻的sth.brilliant才華橫溢的，精致的輝煌的+blending捆綁6-2、根據(jù)明顯指示詞來尋找線索Such、this、that、which、the（a…the…）30、LongdaleandSterndiscoveredthatmitochondriaandchloroplastsalong,identifiablesequenceofDNA;suchacoincidencecouldbeonlybythetransferofDNAbetweenthetwosystems.賓語從句;分號前后——同義重復(fù)；coincidence巧合Amanufacture生產(chǎn)、制造..accomplishedBreveal展現(xiàn)、揭露..repeatedCexhibit展覽..determinedDshare共享..explainedEmaintain維持..contradicted31、Socialtensionsamongadultfactionscanbebypolitics,butadolescentsandchildrenhavenosuchforresolvingtheirconflictwiththeexclusiveworldofadults.but，取非；but+no，取同-resolving“解決”Aintensified增強(qiáng)、強(qiáng)化..attitudeBcomplicated使復(fù)雜化..reliefCfrustrated挫敗..justificationDadjusted調(diào)整、調(diào)節(jié)..mechanism機(jī)制Erevealed顯示、表明..opportunity介詞后面，不看tension-conflit第2空-polutics第1空-resolving；上下義詞的同義表達(dá)——（類比的種屬關(guān)系=填空的同義表達(dá)）飯后吃蘋果有益身體健康，這種水果有益身體健康32、TheproponentsofrecombinantDNAresearchhavedecidedtofederalregulationoftheirwork;theyhopethatbymakingthiscompromisetheycanforestallproposedstateandlocalcontrolsthatmightbeevenstiffer.Aprotest抗議（負(fù)評價詞）Binstitute學(xué)院Cdeny否認(rèn)Dencourage鼓勵Edisregard忽略GRE中的正評價詞、負(fù)評價詞不完全等于英語語文中的褒義詞、貶義詞正評價詞：A與B在同一層面，對于修飾對象起促進(jìn)作用負(fù)評價詞：A與B不在同一層面，對修飾對象起阻礙作用“臭名昭著”的難題-正評價A“管理”B-A、B不在同一層面，負(fù)評價詞33、Lawsdonotensuresocialordersincelawscanalwaysbe,whichmakesthemunlesstheauthoritieshavethewillandthepowertodetectandpunishwrongdoing.since同義重復(fù)donotensure-負(fù)評價“不能確保社會秩序的”Acontested爭論..provisional臨時的Bcircumvented繞過..antiquated過時的Crepealed撤銷..vulnerable脆弱的、易受傷害的Dviolated侵犯..ineffective無效的Emodified修改..unstable不穩(wěn)定6-3、根據(jù)語法現(xiàn)象來推斷根據(jù)語法現(xiàn)象來推斷：三位一體戰(zhàn)術(shù)（形容詞修飾名詞，后面有修飾）主干大法不能推敲-三位一體（前提：先主干，后細(xì)節(jié)）34、Inasocietythatworshipsefficiency,itisdifficultforasensitiveandidealisticpersontomakethekindsofdecisionsthatalonespellsuccessasitisdefinedbysuchasociety.asensitiveandidealisticperson很難做出“不敏感的，現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的”決定Abureaucratic官僚主義的..edifying陶冶性情Bpragmatic務(wù)實(shí)的..hardheaded頑固的、講究實(shí)際的Crational理性的..well-intentioned良好意圖的、善意的Dcompetitive競爭的..evenhanded公平公正的Emodern現(xiàn)代的..dysfunctional機(jī)能失調(diào)的35、Theself-importantcantofmusicologistsonrecordjacketsoftensuggeststhattrueappreciationofthemusicisanprocessclosedtotheuninitiatedlistener,howeverenthusiastic.self-important自己感覺自己很重要-妄自尊大cant=jargon行話Aunreliable不可靠的Barcane神秘難懂的Carrogant傲慢的、自大的Delementary基本的Eintuitive直覺的、本能的36、Thevaledictoryaddress,asithasdevelopedinAmericancollegesanduniversitiesovertheyears,hasbecomeaverystrictform,aliterarythatpermitsverylittle.address地址；演講名詞后跟逗號，插入語，不看并列的分句必須出現(xiàn)連詞，否則是修飾語、同位語第1空“form”第2空“verystrict”Atext課文.clarityBwork.工作.traditionCgenre類型、流派..deviation偏差Doration演說..grandiloquenceEachievement成就..rigidity37、Psychologyhasslowlyevolvedintoanscientificdisciplinethatnowfunctionsautonomouslywiththesameprivilegesandresponsibilitiesasothersciences.thatnowfunctionsautonomously獨(dú)立自主地運(yùn)作Aindependent獨(dú)立的BunusualCoutmodedDuncontrolled不被控制的、不受控制的Einactive6-4、上下義詞的重復(fù)上下義詞的重復(fù)：水果（上）>蘋果（下）1、優(yōu)先尋找同義詞或上義詞2、同義詞與上義詞同時存在，優(yōu)先同義詞3、上下義同義詞重復(fù)，往往以所有格形式出現(xiàn)概念+’s代詞所有格“of”結(jié)構(gòu)38、Remeltingoldmetalcansratherthanmakingprimaryaluminumfrombauxiteore(shippedfromoverseas)savesproducersmillionsofdollarsinandproductioncosts.making-productionAdistribution分配Bsalvage搶救Cstorage儲藏Dprocurement獲得、采辦（上義詞）Eresearch調(diào)查研究39、Heavilyperfumedwhiteflowers,suchasgardenias,werefavoriteswithcollectorsintheeighteenthcentury,whenwasvaluedmuchmorehighlythanitistoday.sth.befavorite(s)withsb.某人喜歡某物花香味的白色的Ascent香味的（同義）Bbeauty美Celegance優(yōu)雅、典雅Dcolor彩色、顏色（上義）Evariety多樣性40、Inanagewithoutradioorrecordings,anagebyprint,fictiongaineditsgreatestascendancy.anage不是主語，是第一個的同位語，遞進(jìn)解釋byprint為修飾語并列分句間一定要有連詞“小說獲得長足發(fā)展”的“年代”Adecimated大屠殺、大批殺死Bdenigrated誹謗、貶低Cdominated支配、統(tǒng)治Demphasized強(qiáng)調(diào)Eresurrected復(fù)活41、Professionalphotographersgenerallyregardinadvertentsurrealisminaphotographasacurseratherthanablessing;magazinephotographers,inparticular,considerthemselvestotheextentthattheycanitspresenceintheirphotographs.consider-regardinadvertentsurrealism-it-its單數(shù)themselves-magazinephotographers-they-第2空，負(fù)評價第1空，正評價Askillful..enhance增強(qiáng)Binadequate不夠的..eliminate消除Coriginal..demonstrate證明Dfortunate幸運(yùn)的..minimize減少Econventional..highlight強(qiáng)調(diào)7、無明顯同義重復(fù)題型的對策猜題大法：句子沒有清晰的線索詞操作方法：1、說什么找什么2、選項排除法，找答案的特殊性42、Amongthemanyoftheproject,expensecannotbenumbered;thegoalsoftheproject'spromoterscanbeachievedwithimpressive.第2空-“花費(fèi)”cannot負(fù)評價+number中評價=負(fù)評價第1空-負(fù)評價Ahighlights..efficiency效率Bfeatures特征、特點(diǎn)..savings儲存、節(jié)約Cdisadvantages..innovation革新Dclaims..speed速度Edefects過失、缺點(diǎn)..economy節(jié)儉、經(jīng)濟(jì)、節(jié)約不要用發(fā)散思維解題43、ThewithwhichtheFrencharistocracygreetedthemiddle-classRousseauwasallthemorebecauseheshowedsolittlerespectforthem.allthemore=very非常只看主謂賓，其他可放下little沒有herespectthemgreetsbwith…用…態(tài)度來對待（問候）某人Adeference遵從、順從..remarkable非凡的、引人矚目的Bsuspicion懷疑、猜測..uncannyCreserve保存..unexpectedDanger憤怒..ironic諷刺的、挖苦的Eappreciation感激、欣賞、增值..deserved44、Becausemanyofthemineralsfoundontheoceanfloorarestillonland,whereminingisrelativelyinexpensive,miningtheoceanfloorhasyettobecomeaenterprise.hasyetto還沒有(表取非)第2空-貴不貴，財富Ascarce..common普遍的，普通的Baccessible..marginal邊緣的Cunidentified未經(jīng)確認(rèn)的..subsidized補(bǔ)助金Dconserved..public公共的Eplentiful大量的..profitable有利可圖的45、Anylanguageisaconspiracyagainstexperienceinthesensethatitisacollectiveattempttoexperiencebyreducingitintodiscreteparcels.inthesensethat=because從這個意義上講(同義重復(fù))language取非experience填負(fù)評價詞Aextrapolate推斷Btranscribe抄寫Ccomplicate使復(fù)雜化與byreducingitintodiscreteparcels構(gòu)成取非（不矛盾原則）Damplify放大Emanage管理（負(fù)評價詞）46、Itistothenovelist'screditthatalloftheepisodesinhernovelarepresentedrealistically,withoutanyorplayfulsupernaturaltrickstoone’scredit這要?dú)w功于episodes一系列中的一個片段補(bǔ)充修飾要保持一致Aelucidation解釋、闡明Bdiscrimination區(qū)別、區(qū)分Cartlessness天真的、樸實(shí)的（這人的單純、淳樸，并非孩子的天真，而是孩子般的天真）Dauthenticity可靠性、真實(shí)性Ewhimsy古怪的念頭（近義詞：caprice奇思怪想、變化無常、怪念頭）trick花招、小伎倆、欺騙=conjure變魔術(shù)、變戲法，亦指花招、小伎倆intricate復(fù)雜的、錯綜的、復(fù)雜的extricate使解脫、救出第二類反義重復(fù)1、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：特征詞：albeit、notwithstanding、although、though、but、despite、eventhough、however、inspiteof、nevertheless、nonetheless、while、whatever、regardless、evenif、eventhough、yet……直接取非：找到關(guān)鍵詞后加“not”,填入空格中，是一般轉(zhuǎn)折題的解題方法程度取非：轉(zhuǎn)折前后修飾同一主體，直接取非會造成句意矛盾，此時使用程度取非（區(qū)別）轉(zhuǎn)折前后修飾同一主體，使用程度取非；轉(zhuǎn)折前后修飾不同主體，使用直接取非褒貶取非：一般驗(yàn)證答案時使用，答案與已知線索詞一個褒義、一個貶義，兩者間無必然的邏輯取非或取同關(guān)系47、Althoughancienttoolswerepreserved,enoughhavesurvivedtoallowustodemonstrateanoccasionallyinterruptedbutgenerallyprogressthroughprehistory.preserve-survived程度取非Apartially部分的..noticeableBsuperficially淺薄的，輕浮的..necessaryCunwittingly漫不經(jīng)心的、不經(jīng)意的..documentedDrarely罕見的、幾乎沒有的、很少的..continualEneedlessly不必要的..incessant修飾同一主體-程度取非48、Thelaborunionandthecompany'smanagement,despitetheirlonghistoryofunfailinglyacerbicdisagreementonnearlyeveryissue,haveneverthelessreachedanunexpectedly,albeitstilltentative,agreementonnextyear'scontract.agreement-disagreement邏輯關(guān)系已構(gòu)成，選正評價詞褒貶取非Aswift迅速的（褒義）-褒貶取非Bonerous沉重的、麻煩的Chesitant猶豫的Dreluctant勉強(qiáng)的、不情愿的Econclusive最終的（與albeit后面的tentative構(gòu)成直接取非，不能選）tentative臨時的（貶義）49、Currentdatasuggestthat,althoughstatesbetweenfearandaggressionexist,fearandaggressionareasdistinctphysiologicallyastheyarepsychologically.賓語從句“相同的”Asimultaneous同時發(fā)生的（表示“同時出現(xiàn)”不是“相同的”）Bserious嚴(yán)肅的Cexceptional例外的Dpartial部分的、偏愛的Etransitional過渡的（兩種狀態(tài)不分彼此）50、Thepowersandsatisfactionsofprimevalpeople,thoughfewandmeager,weretheirfewandsimpledesires.“少”對“多”“夠”Asimultaneouswith同時發(fā)生Bcommensuratewith相稱Csubstantiatedby被證明Dcircumscribedby被限制Eruinedby被毀滅51、Atfirst,Ifoundhergravityratherintimidating;but,asIsawmoreofher,Ifoundthatwasverynearthesurface.分號表示同義重復(fù)but表示取非找“不嚴(yán)肅”Aseriousness嚴(yán)肅（漢語發(fā)散思維）Bconfidence信任Claughter笑容Dpoise平靜Edetermination果斷、決心2、直接對比關(guān)系特征詞：Incontrast（to）、onthecontrary、farfrom、ontheotherhand、ratherthan、insteadof、not…but、more…than；more…than：只要看見more…than結(jié)構(gòu)，都看成“前后取非”關(guān)系paradoxically矛盾地、ironically諷刺的、surprisingly驚訝地、unexpectedly、curiously；無論是以副詞還是形容詞形式出現(xiàn)，這些詞往往是直接對比關(guān)系shiftfromAtoB、decayfromAtoB、reconcileAwithB、replaceAwithB、distinguishbetweenAandB…只要這些短語的A或B位置一邊有空，一邊沒有，直接把沒有空格部分取非填入空格處即可。這些短語標(biāo)志A和B的位置是直接對比關(guān)系。52、Thechildren'snatureswereinsharpcontrasttotheeven-tempereddispositionsoftheirparents.even-tempereddispositions老成持重Amercurial活潑的Bblithe高興的Cphlegmatic冷靜的Dintroverted性格內(nèi)向的Eartless孩子般的天真53、ThetransitionfromthePaleolithictotheNeolithiceraisviewedbymostarthistoriansasa____,because,insteadofanincreasingly______pictorialart,wefinddegeneration.有些句子很長，不一定考位于前面的第一主干because，第三主干標(biāo)志詞insteadof直接對比Amilestone里程碑..debasedBconsolidation鞏固..diverseCcalamity災(zāi)難..aberrant異常的、怪胎的、畸形的Dregression倒退..sophisticated老于世故的Econtinuation繼續(xù)..improvedsophisticated：老于世故的（褒義詞，之人在社交場合做事情得體，修飾物時表示精巧的輝煌的）sophisticatedtelescope尖端的望遠(yuǎn)鏡54、Fromtheoutset,theconceptoffreedomoftheseasfromtheproprietaryclaimsofnationswaschallengedbyacontrarynotion-thatoftheoftheoceansforreasonsofnationalsecurityandprofit.找“不自由”fromtheoutset從一開始起Apromotion促進(jìn)Bexploration探測Csurviving生存Dconservation保存Eenclosure圍住、圈住、封閉住55、FarfromviewingJeffersonasaskepticalbutenlightenedintellectual,historiansofthe1960'sportrayedhimasthinker,eagertofilltheyoungwithhispoliticalorthodoxywhilecensoringideashedidnotlike.Farfrom表強(qiáng)烈對比skepticalbutenlightened：skeptical（懷疑的）與enlightened（開明的）共同修飾intellectual（有識之士），若將but理解為“但是”，那么在邏輯上是矛盾的。intellectual同時具有skeptical和enlightened的特點(diǎn)。此處but=and，之所以不用and，是因?yàn)閎ut前后兩詞存在著褒貶取非的關(guān)系。閱讀技巧：只要遇到轉(zhuǎn)折，作者想強(qiáng)調(diào)的一定是轉(zhuǎn)折后面的部分，enlightened。Aanadventurous冒險的Badoctrinaire教條主義Caneclectic這種主義Dajudicious明智而神圣的Eacynical憤世嫉俗的56、Paradoxically,England'scolonizationofNorthAmericawasbyitssuccess:theincreasingprosperityofthecoloniesdiminishedtheirdependenceupon,andhencetheirloyaltyto,theirhomecountry.by的兩種考法：1、被動語態(tài)——如果沒有paradoxically，空格中應(yīng)該填一個正評價詞?，F(xiàn)在有了paradoxoically，因此空格中應(yīng)填一個負(fù)評價詞。Ademonstrated證明Bdetermined決定Caltered改變Dundermined破壞（感情色彩強(qiáng)烈）Edistinguished57、Ratherthanenhancingacountry'ssecurity,thesuccessfuldevelopmentofnuclearweaponscouldserveatfirsttoincreasethatcountry's.閱讀技巧：動詞不定式忽略不看，直接看不定式“to”后邊動詞；to前邊有否定要保留。選“不安全”Aboldness勇氣Binfluence影響力Cresponsibility責(zé)任DmoderationEvulnerability脆弱性，易受傷害性58、Itcomesasnosurprisethatsocietieshavecodesofbehavior;thecharacterofthecodes,ontheotherhand,canoftenbe.Apredictable可以預(yù)言的Bunexpected想不到的Cadmirable值得贊美的Dexplicit外在的，清楚的Econfusing迷惑的，混淆的59、Itisdifficulttodistinguishbetweenthethingsthatcharismaticfiguresdoandthosethatarecarefullycontrivedforeffect.distinguish:區(qū)別，區(qū)分becarefullycontrivedforeffect:處心積慮，仔細(xì)思考Aformally正式的Bpublicly公然的Cprolifically豐富的Dspontaneously自發(fā)的Ewillfully任性的60、Althoughscientistsclaimthattheseeminglylanguageoftheirreportsismoreprecisethanthefigurativelanguageoffiction,thelanguageofscience,likealllanguage,isinherently.seem,seemingly一律當(dāng)做is看待副詞表修飾，不看；表時間概念和否定概念的副詞需要重點(diǎn)看morethan：不關(guān)心比較的程度和類別precise，只需知道比較對象之間是取非關(guān)系。第1空選“非比喻性的”。alllanguage是languageoffiction的上義詞，第2空填“figurative”（Although）Aornamental裝飾性的..subtleBunidimensional一維的，線性的..unintelligibleCsymbolic象征性的..complexDliteral如實(shí)的，刻板的，逐字逐句的..allusive暗示的Esubjective主觀的，個人的..metaphorical61、Since1813reactiontoJaneAusten'snovelshasoscillatedbetweenandcondescension;butingenerallaterwritershaveesteemedherworksmorehighlythandidmostofherliterarycondescension:輕慢Adismissal解雇，解散，消除..admirersBadoration熱愛崇拜..contemporaries同時代的人Cdisapproval不贊成，不贊同..readersprov-贊成，誠實(shí)probDindifference不關(guān)心，消極冷淡..followersEapprobation認(rèn)可稱贊..precursors先驅(qū)者62、Recentresearchindicatesthatasystemofparticleswhichhasapparentlydecayedtorandomnessfromstatecanbereturnedtothatstate;thusthesystemexhibitsakindofmemoryofitscondition.decayedfromto：從A狀態(tài)衰變到B狀態(tài)，表示A、B狀態(tài)取非“非隨機(jī)狀態(tài)”Aanequilibrium平衡..lesserBanordered有秩序的，有序的，隨機(jī)的..earlier以前的Canunusual不尋常的..settledDachaotic紊亂的..lastEahigher更高的..present63、Socialscientistshaveestablishedfairlyclear-cutthatdescribetheappropriatebehaviorofchildrenandadults,butthereseemstobeaboutwhatconstitutesappropriatebehaviorforadolescents.Afunctions..rigidity僵化Bestimates..indirectness間接Cnorms標(biāo)志..confusion混淆Dregulations..certainty確定Estudies學(xué)習(xí)..misapprehension誤解thereseemstobeconfusionabout…眾說紛紜64、WhereastheartcriticVasarisawthepaintingentitledtheMonaLisaasanoriginalandwonderfulfeat,thereproductionofanaturalobject,theaesthetessawitasthatrequireddeciphering.（難題）主干大法推不出，改用“細(xì)節(jié)大法”（三位一體法）requireddeciphering“需要破譯”Acollaborative..anaberration私藏，匿藏Bhistorical..asymbol符號Ctechnical..ahieroglyph象形文字Dmechanical..animitation模仿Evisual..anillusion幻覺65、TheparadoxicalaspectofthemythsaboutDemeter,whenweconsiderthepredominantimageofherasatranquilandserenegoddess,ishersearchforherdaughter.“不寧靜安詳”Aextended廣大的，延伸的Bagitated激動的，焦慮的Ccomprehensive綜合的，廣泛的Dmotiveless無目的的Eheartless.無精打采的3、時間對比關(guān)系16字方針：1、時間相反一切相反——同一件事情在兩個時間點(diǎn)被談到，則兩個狀態(tài)一定是相反的2、總是后者否定前者——時間相反的二者，往往后者否定前者三中表現(xiàn)形式：現(xiàn)在否定過去、將來否定現(xiàn)在、更遠(yuǎn)的將來否定較近的將來（難題）特征詞：before、once、until、previous、current、recently、early、now、today、later、future、initially、formerly、pristine、after、nolonger……66、Industrialistsseizedeconomicpoweronlyafterindustryhadagricultureasthepreeminentformofproduction;previouslysuchpowerhadlandownership.Asabotaged蓄意，破壞..threatened威脅Bovertaken超越..produced產(chǎn)生Ctoppled推翻，顛覆..culminatedin攀登高峰Djoined加入..reliedonEsupplanted替代..residedin居住于，歸屬于67、AdamSmith'sWealthofNations(1776)isstillworthreading,moretoappreciatethecurrentofSmith'svalidcontributionstoeconomicsthantoseethosecontributionsastheofpresent-dayeconomics.more..than…表強(qiáng)對比，找對比雙方第2空“非當(dāng)前”Adisregard..outgrowths產(chǎn)品，產(chǎn)物Breaffirmation..concerns關(guān)心關(guān)注Crelevance..precursors先驅(qū)者Dacceptance..byproducts副產(chǎn)品Eimportance..vestiges遺跡68、Createdtoserveasperfectlyaspossibletheirworkaday,thewoodenstorageboxesmadeinAmerica'sShakercommunitiesarenowfortheirbeauty.過去-“非美”第1空Aenvironment環(huán)境..acceptedBowners所有人..employedCfunction功能..valuedDreality真實(shí)..transformedEimage圖像..seen69、Salazar'spresenceinthegroupwasso_____theothersthattheylostmostoftheirearlier______;failure,forthem,becameallbutunthinkable.Areassuringto..trepidationBunnoticedby..curiosityCunusualto..harmonyDendearingto..confidenceEunexpectedby..exhilaration70、Theidealizedpaintingsofnatureproducedintheeighteenthcenturyareevidencethatthemedievalnaturalsettingshadbeenandthattheoutdoorsnowcouldbeenjoyedwithouttrepidation.Afearof..exorcisedBconcernsabout..regainedCaffectionfor..surmountedDdisinterestin..alleviatedEenthusiasmfor..confronted71、Havingfullyembracedthebeliefthatgovernmentbypersuasionispreferabletogovernmentby,theleadersofthemovementhaverecentlymostoftheirpreviousstatementssupportingtotalitarianism.Aintimidation..issuedBparticipation..moderatedCproclamation..codifiedDdemonstration..deli