人教版（2019） 選擇性必修 第三冊(cè)Unit 3Environmental Protection Reading and Thinking Language Points 課

Period1ReadingandThinkingLanguagePointsLanguagePointsPhrasesPart11.greenhouseeffect2.alongwith3.haveanimpacton4.referto5.carbondioxide6.fossilfuel7.leadto8.resultin9.takeappropriateactionsandmeasures10.considermakingpolicies11.seizeeveryopportunitytodosth12.insearchof13.onbehalfofLanguagePointsKeySentences:1.ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.2.Awarmingoceanandatmospherealongwithmeltingiceandrisingsealevelsprovideevidenceofadramaticchangeintheglobalclimate.3.Anexpertwhohasstudiedpolarbearsformanyyearssaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.4.Climatescientistsoftenmentionakeyclimateprocesscalledthe“greenhouseeffect”,

whichhastwocommonmeanings:the“natural”greenhouseeffectandthe“man-made”,greenhouseeffect.5.Greenhousegasesintheatmosphere,suchasmethaneandcarbondioxide,trapsomeoftheheat,keepingEarth'sclimatewarmandhabitable.6.Whenpeopleproducehugeamountsofextragreenhousegasesbyburningfossilfuels,moreheatenergyistrappedintheatmosphereandcausesEarth'ssurfacetemperaturetorisequickly.7.Governmentsneedtoconsidermakingpoliciesandtakingappropriateactionsandmeasurestoreducegreenhousegasemissions.8.Itisourresponsibilitytoseizeeveryopportunitytoeducateeveryoneaboutglobalwarming,alongwithitscausesandimpacts,becausethisisthemostseriousissueaffectingallofusonthisplanet.LanguagePoints詞匯檢測(cè)Sentences:4.Climatescientistsoftenmentionakeyclimateprocesscalledthe“greenhouseeffect”,

whichhastwocommonmeanings:the“natural”greenhouseeffectandthe“man-made”,greenhouseeffect.7.Governmentsneedtoconsidermakingpoliciesandtakingappropriateactionsandmeasurestoreducegreenhousegasemissions.8.Itisourresponsibilitytoseizeeveryopportunitytoeducateeveryoneaboutglobalwarming,alongwithitscausesandimpacts,becausethisisthemostseriousissueaffectingallofusonthisplanet.1.ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，地球正變得越來(lái)越溫暖。thereisno/littledoubt...這一句式常用于表達(dá)對(duì)某件事百分之百確定，其后常接that引起的從句。在肯定句中，doubt后面有時(shí)可跟whether引導(dǎo)的從句。例如：Thereisno/littledoubtthatheistellingalie.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，他在說(shuō)謊。Thereissomedoubtwhetherwecancompletethetaskbeforethedeadline.我們是否能在截止日期前完成任務(wù)值得懷疑。LanguagePoints2.Awarmingoceanandatmospherealongwithmeltingiceandrisingsealevelsprovideevidenceofadramaticchangeintheglobalclimate.海洋和大氣變暖，以及冰層融化、海平面上升，都為全球氣候急劇變化提供了依據(jù)。這句話(huà)的主語(yǔ)是Awarmingoceanandatmosphere,而alongwithmeltingiceandrisingsealevels是伴隨狀語(yǔ)。provideevidenceof意為“證明；證實(shí)了；提供……的證據(jù)”，此處evidence為不可數(shù)名詞。例如：Fossilsprovideevidenceofhowanimalshaveevolvedtosurviveintheirenvironment.化石為動(dòng)物在環(huán)境中進(jìn)化生存的過(guò)程提供了證據(jù)。LanguagePoints3.Anexpertwhohasstudiedpolarbearsformanyyearssaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.一位長(zhǎng)期研究北極熊的專(zhuān)家說(shuō)，從尸體的姿勢(shì)看，這頭北極熊像是餓死的。appeartohavestarved中starve這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在appear這個(gè)動(dòng)作之前，所以要用完成式的形式來(lái)表達(dá)。此句可以轉(zhuǎn)化為itappearedthatthebearhadstarvedanddied。appear后可以接不定式的一般式、進(jìn)行式或完成式，表示時(shí)間先后關(guān)系。例如：(1)一般式：Itappearstorainthisafternoon.今天下午看起來(lái)要下雨。(2)進(jìn)行式：Heappearstobemakingfastprogressinhisresearch.看起來(lái)他在研究方面正取得快速進(jìn)展。(3)完成式：Sheappearedtohaveknownthetruth.她看起來(lái)好像已經(jīng)知道真相了。LanguagePoints4.Climatescientistsoftenmentionakeyclimateprocesscalledthe“greenhouseeffect”,whichhastwocommonmeanings:the“natural”greenhouseeffectandthe“man-made”,greenhouseeffect.LanguagePoints5.Greenhousegasesintheatmosphere,suchasmethaneandcarbondioxide,trapsomeoftheheat,keepingEarth’sclimatewarmandhabitable.大氣層中甲烷、二氧化碳等溫室氣體困住了部分熱量，從而使地球保持氣候溫暖、適宜居住。trap意為“誘捕；使陷入困境；留住”。例如：Hunterslivebytrappinganimals.獵人們靠捕獵動(dòng)物為生。Sandandleavestrappedthewaterinthestream.沙石和樹(shù)葉淤住了溪流。keepingEarth怎climatewarmandhabitable在這里是現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，修飾trap這個(gè)動(dòng)詞。LanguagePoints6.Whenpeopleproducehugeamountsofextragreenhousegasesbyburningfossilfuels,moreheatenergyistrappedintheatmosphereandcausesEarth'ssurfacetemperaturetorisequickly.當(dāng)人類(lèi)由于燃燒化石燃料產(chǎn)生了大量額外的溫室氣體，更多的熱能被困在大氣層中，導(dǎo)致地表溫度迅速上升。fossilfuels意為“化石燃料”。化石燃料又稱(chēng)礦物燃料，包括煤、石油、天然氣、油頁(yè)巖及油砂等。它們是埋藏在古代地層中的植物或動(dòng)物遺體經(jīng)歷漫長(zhǎng)地質(zhì)條件的變化以及溫度、壓力和微生物的作用而形成的可燃性礦物。化石燃料是重要的能源資源，也是生產(chǎn)各種化工產(chǎn)品的重要原料。LanguagePoints7.Governmentsneedtoconsidermakingpoliciesandtakingappropriateactionsandmeasurestoreducegreenhousegasemissions.8.Itisourresponsibilitytoseizeeveryopportunitytoeducateeveryoneaboutglobalwarming,alongwithitscausesandimpacts,becausethisisthemostseriousissueaffectingallofusonthisplanet.LanguagePoints6.ThebeautifulLiRiveranditsamazingsurroundingsceneryisoneofthemostwell-knowntouristdestinationsinChina'sGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion.美麗的漓江及其令人贊嘆的周邊景色是中國(guó)廣西壯族自治區(qū)最著名的旅游目的地之一。漓江位于廣西壯族自治區(qū)東北部。兩岸多為巖溶地貌，旅游資源豐富，著名的桂林山水就在漓江上。漓江的特點(diǎn)概括為清、奇、巧、變四個(gè)字，主要景點(diǎn)包括一江（漓江）、兩洞（蘆笛巖、七星巖）、三山（象鼻山、疊彩山、獨(dú)秀峰），是桂林山水的精華所在。LanguagePoints7.Waterpollutionlevelsincreased,withmorehouseholdandcommercialwasteendingupintheriver.越來(lái)越多的生活和商業(yè)垃圾最終流入江中，加重了水污染程度。withmorehouseholdandcommercialwasteendingupintheriver在句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，是with的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。endingupintheriver的邏輯主語(yǔ)是morehouseholdandcommercialwaste。

類(lèi)似的結(jié)構(gòu)在英語(yǔ)中很常見(jiàn)，例如：Withtimegoingby,Igraduallylearnthowtocopewithstressinmylife.隨著時(shí)間的流逝，我逐漸學(xué)會(huì)了如何應(yīng)對(duì)生活中的壓力。with的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)組成多為“with