高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法一輪復(fù)習(xí)名詞課件

名詞名詞的位置結(jié)構(gòu)0101名詞的位置結(jié)構(gòu)1.It'sexpectedtogreatlyimprovethesystem's

(able)toserveusersworldwide.

2.“Chinaistheonlynationthathasbeenabletomaintainitscultural________(grow)forthousandsofyears,”thehusbandsaid.(2021屆浙江十校10月)

3.YoumaynotknowthenameJohnStithPemberton,butyoumustknowthenameofhis

_____

(invent):Coca-Cola.(2020浙江Z20聯(lián)盟一聯(lián))

4.（2021全國(guó)甲卷）Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand________________(watchtower)tofakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeople.abilitygrowthinventionwatchovers01名詞的位置結(jié)構(gòu)5.Thenovelcoronavirus,nowofficiallynamedCOVID-19,isanew_______(ill)andscientistsarestillstudyingthebestwaystocontrolit.(2020廣州二模)6.ThereisanoldChinesecustommakingchopstickspartofagirl’sdowry(嫁妝)sincethe

(pronounce)ofkuaiziissimilartothewordsfor“quick”and“son”.(2020泉州3月)

7.（2022·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí)）CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental_____________(protect)8.Therailwaylinehasa_________(long)of174kmasadouble-trackpassageline,withtenstationsalongitsroute.illnesspronounciationprotectionlength01名詞的位置結(jié)構(gòu)歸納：adj.+n 冠詞+n 介詞+n.‘s+n.形容詞性物主代詞+n.and前后一致9.（2022新高考1卷）TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate______________(population)andhomesofgiantpandas,andeventuallyachieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.10.（2022·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí)）Thewritingprojectisn’teasy,butherreadershavefollowedheronajourneytoself-acceptanceand__________(confident).populationsconfidence名詞復(fù)數(shù)提示詞0201名詞的位置結(jié)構(gòu)1.（2022·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí)）KomodoNationalPark,officiallyrecognizedin1980,ispopularforecotourismbecauseofitsuniquebiodiversity.________(activity)thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠(yuǎn)足).2.（2022新高考I卷）TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate______________(population)andhomesofgiantpandas.3.（2021北京卷）Whydowedream？Scientistsaren’tcompletelysure,andtheyhavediverse________(idea)．4.（2022·江西·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Thegiantpandaisoneoftheworld'smostadoredandprotectedrare________(animal).activitiespopulationsideasanimals01名詞的位置結(jié)構(gòu)5.（2022·內(nèi)蒙古·呼和浩特市一模）Accordingtotheplan,thehigh-speedrailwaywillhavetwobranch________(line)—oneistoYanqingStation,theotheristoTaizichengofChongli,wheretheOlympicvillagelies.6.ForJapan,the

(number)aremorestriking.[2021浙江五校聯(lián)考,64]SheriffChipHughesspokewithreportersfromseveralnews

(agency).

7.Inthepast,manygender

(study)ignoredaperson'ssocialbackgroundandupbringing.

8.FoursiteswherePekingManandtheir

(relative)livedwerediscoveredonthenorthernfaceofLonggushan.

lionsnumbersagenciesstudiesrelatives01名詞的位置結(jié)構(gòu)歸納：1.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式（主謂一致）2.名詞可數(shù)且and前后一致3.前面有diverse，oneof，several，some,many,anumberof,數(shù)字，most,allkindsof,countless,different,pther,these,those,acoupleof,rangefrom...to...等等4.可數(shù)且句子中包含復(fù)數(shù)含義1.Hismartialartsschool,whichprovidesintroductoryprogramsfor___________(begin),hasapproximately150students,rangingfromchildrenundertheageof5toseniorcitizensover.2.It'salsotheworld'slargestsupplierofoxygenandisatreasurechestofmedical_____(research)whoareexperimentingwithdifferentplantsinthehopeoffindingcuresforcertaindiseases.

歸納：指物的名詞變成指人的名詞science-scientistengine-engineerresearch-researcheremploy-employer/employerbeginnersresearchers名詞修飾名詞名詞可以作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞，作定語(yǔ)的名詞往往是說(shuō)明其中名詞的材料（如：diamondnecklace、papermoney）、用途（如：meetingroom、welcomespeech、eyedrops）、時(shí)間（如：dinnerparty、eveningsuit）、地點(diǎn)（如：citystreets、kitchenwindow）、內(nèi)容（如：storybook、pianolesson)、類別(如：childreneducation、busdriver)等。（2022·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí)）…CharlesDresser,whoperformedtheir___________(marry)ceremonyin1842.marriage名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式0301可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成方法例詞1一般在詞尾加-smap→mapssea→seasgirl→girlsday→days2以-s,-x,-ch,-sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-es(如果詞尾-ch的發(fā)音為/k/,要加-s,如stomach)class→classesbox→boxeswatch→watchesdish→dishes3以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞變-f或-fe為-v,再加-esleaf→leavesknife→kniveswife→wiveswolf→wolveslife→livesthief→thieves加-sbelief→beliefschief→chiefsroof→roofsgulf→gulfs4以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞,變-y為-i加-esparty→partiesfamily→familiesstory→stories5以元音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞,加-stoy→toysboy→boysday→daysray→rays構(gòu)成方法例詞6以輔音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞加-es(有生命的詞)hero→heroespotato→potatoestomato→tomatoes加-s(無(wú)生命的詞)piano→pianosphoto→photoskilo→kilos兩者皆可(有/無(wú)生命的詞)volcano→volcanoes/volcanos7以元音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞加-sradio→radioszoo→zoosbamboo→bamboos8以-th結(jié)尾的名詞加-struth→truthsmouth→mouthsmonth→months巧學(xué)妙記1.名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則變化歌訣:名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù),直接加-s占多數(shù)。詞尾若是-s,-x,-sh,-ch,直接加上-es。詞尾若是-f或-fe,變-f/-fe為-v,再加-es。輔音字母加-y,要變-y為-i加-es。詞尾字母若是-o,加-es的有hero,tomato和potato。2.巧記變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)變-f/-fe為-v,再加-es的名詞:妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去砍狼(wolf),小偷(thief)見了著了慌,架子(shelf)底下躲己(self)命(life),半片(half)樹葉(leaf)遮目光。構(gòu)成方法例詞1增加字母child→childrenox→oxen2改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式man→menwoman→womenfoot→feetgoose→geesemouse→mice3單復(fù)數(shù)同形sheepdeerseriesmeansspecies4表示"某國(guó)人"的名詞加-sAmerican→AmericansGerman→GermansGreek→Greeks單復(fù)數(shù)同形PortugueseChineseJapanese有些詞以-man或-woman結(jié)尾,分別改為-men或-womenEnglishman→Englishmen1.Wheredidyoutwohaveyour

(stomach)examined?

Atthedoctor's.Wewereexaminedbytwofamous

(German).2.Asmostoftheworldstrugglestocope,China—byanalyzingitsexperiencesandsummarizingits

(achieve)—hasbeensearchingforanoptimalapproach.

stomachsGermansachievements復(fù)合名詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)son-in-law→sons-in-lawlooker-on→lookers-onpasser-by→passers-bystory-teller→story-tellers無(wú)主體名詞時(shí),通常把最后一個(gè)詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)grown-up→grown-upsstandby→standbys"man/woman+名詞"構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),man/woman和名詞通常均變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)womansinger→womensingersmanservant→menservants復(fù)合名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化外來(lái)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化criterion→criteria標(biāo)準(zhǔn)phenomenon→phenomena現(xiàn)象analysis→analyses分析

basis→bases基礎(chǔ)crisis→crises危機(jī)

thesis→theses論文diagnosis→diagnoses診斷 bacterium→bacteria細(xì)菌medium→media媒體 datum→data數(shù)據(jù)curriculum→curricula/curriculums全部課程不可數(shù)名詞04advice建議 air空氣

beauty美；美麗

baggage/luggage行李

peace和平business生意 courage勇氣

equipment設(shè)備 experience 經(jīng)驗(yàn)traffic交通

fun樂趣

furniture家具 health健康help幫助

homework家庭作業(yè)

information信息knowledge知識(shí)

laughter笑聲 luck運(yùn)氣

money錢

music音樂

nature自然

news 消息

paper紙 pleasure愉快 progress進(jìn)步

room 空間

sleep 睡眠trouble麻煩 wealth財(cái)富

weather天氣 wisdom智慧2."be+of+抽象名詞"相當(dāng)于be+形容詞。能用在此結(jié)構(gòu)中的抽象名詞有：importance,value,use,significance,help,interest,benefit等。?Thisdictionaryisofgreatvalue(=veryvaluable)tostudents.

?You'llfindthismapofgreatuse(=veryuseful)onyourtouraroundEurope.

a+抽象名詞

即抽象名詞具體化詞匯抽象名詞(不可數(shù))具體化后(可數(shù))beauty美,美貌美人,美好的事物danger危險(xiǎn)危險(xiǎn)的事或人failure失敗失敗的事或人success成功,勝利成功的事或人honour尊敬,敬意令人尊敬的人或事pleasure愉快,快樂樂事surprise驚奇令人驚奇的事pity憐憫,同情憾事概括為如下11個(gè)字：驚、樂、幸、憾、傲、慰、險(xiǎn)、助、成、敗、美。Whatasurprisetoseeyouhere!It’sapleasuretoworkwithhim.It’sanhonortospeakhere.It’sapitythatyoufailedtopasstheexam.Heisapridetohisparents.Booksbecomeacomforttohim.Themanisadangertosociety.It’sagreathelptome.Heisagreatsuccessasascientist.Hehadhadsixfailuresandwouldhaveaseventhtry.Heregardedhiswifeasabeauty.名詞后綴051.去e+alarrive--

approve--

remove--

survive--

refuse--

bury--

achieve--develop--

arrivalapprovalremovalsurvivalrefusalburial動(dòng)詞+mentequip--agree--settle--argue--amaze--astonish--punish--treat--arrange--judge--equipmentagreementsettlementargumentamazementastonishmentpunishmenttreatmentarrangementjudg(e)mentachievementdevelopment表人的后綴er/or/ist，表“...的人/....家perform--

teach--

work--village--speak--

law--act--invent--performerteacherworkervillagerspeakerlawyeractorinventorvisit--direct--operate--art--novel--chemistry--science--piano--visitordirectoroperatorartistnovelistchemistscientistpianist動(dòng)詞/名詞+ant/ian/an變名詞，表“...的人/...家”assist--attend--serve--music--history--physics--Europe--Africa--

assistantattendantservantmusicianhistorianphysicianEuropeanAfrican動(dòng)詞+（t）ion/ation/sion變名詞，表行為或狀態(tài)collect--

solve--direct--

correct--compete--

recognize--pollute--

describe--

adapt--

adopt--explain--

invite--prepare--

imagine-admit--

permit--

collectiondirectioncompetitionpollutionadaptation explanationpreparationadmissionsolutioncorrectionrecognitiondescriptionadoptioninvitationimaginationpermissionprefer--exist--occur--refer--differ--assist--6.動(dòng)詞+ence/ance變名詞，表“行為”enter--insure--resist--appear--guide--perform--accept--preferenceexistenceoccurrencereferencedifferenceassistanceentranceinsuranceresistanceappearanceguidanceperformanceacceptance形容詞+ness

變名詞，

表“性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、精神、程度”aware--sad--happy--weak--kind--lazy--careless--ill--lonely--awarenesssadnesshappinessweaknesskindnesslazinesscarelessnessillnessloneliness7.形容詞+ness變名詞，表“性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、精神、程度”aware--sad--happy--weak--kind--lazy--

careless--ill--awarenesssadnesshappinessweaknesskindnesslazinesscarelessnessillnessabsent--convenient--independent--silent--important--confident--distant--patient--intelligent--evident--different--violent--以t結(jié)尾的形容詞變t為ceabsenceconvenienceindependencesilenceimportanceconfidencedistancepatienceintelligenceevidencedifferenceviolence9.動(dòng)詞/形容詞+th/age變名詞warm--dead--strong--

grow--long--true--wide--post--store--short--pack--marry--warmthdeathstrengthgrowthlengthtruthwidthpostagestorageshortagepackagemarriage10.動(dòng)詞+ing變名詞，表“動(dòng)作，職業(yè)，結(jié)果”paint--feel--mean--suffer--train--belong--

surround--farm--hear--spell--paintingfeelingmeaningsufferingtrainingbelongingssurroundingsfarminghearingspelling11.形容詞+ity/ty變名詞，表“特征或特性”similar--responsible--possible--

curious--major--popular--safe--generous--similarityresponsibilitypossibilitycuriositymajoritypopularitysafetygenerosity12.動(dòng)詞+ee變名詞，表“受動(dòng)者”employ--train--exam--interview--employeetraineeexamineeintervieweelaw--________律師o(wú)perate--________操作員chemistry--________化學(xué)家science--________科學(xué)家piano--________鋼琴家history--________歷史學(xué)家physics--________醫(yī)生Africa--________非洲人Asia--________亞洲人occur--________發(fā)生enter--________入口insure--________保險(xiǎn)guide--________指導(dǎo)happy--________幸福lazy--________懶惰lonely--________孤獨(dú)evident--________證據(jù)convenient--________方便dead--________死亡strong--________強(qiáng)項(xiàng)；力量long--________長(zhǎng)true--________真理wide--________寬store--________儲(chǔ)存marry--________婚姻belong--________財(cái)產(chǎn)surround--________環(huán)境argue--________爭(zhēng)論judge--________判斷solve--________解決compete--________競(jìng)賽recognize--________認(rèn)出pollute--________污染describe--________描述explain--________解釋invite--________邀請(qǐng)prepare--________準(zhǔn)備responsible--________責(zé)任possible--________可能性curious--________好奇generous--________慷慨train--________受訓(xùn)者imagine-________想象admit--________承認(rèn)permit--________允許基礎(chǔ)題1.Ithinkshewon’tbehappywith

my

_______(apologize).2.Sheapologizedtomeforherrude_________(behave).3.In______(add),hecomesfromAfrica.4.Theyhavechangedthe_________(appear)ofthewholehouse.5.Theynedsomeonetotalkwithandsharetheirsorrowand________(happy).1.apology2.behaviour3.addition4.appearance5.happiness6.Doctorsthoughtshehadlittlechanceof______(survive).7.TheBuckinghamPalaceisagreattourist_______(attract),drawingmillionsofvisitorseveryyear.8.Aftergraduation,hehasworkedasan_________(assist).9.Takeadeep________(breathe)andtellyourselfthatyouhavealotoftimetorememberit.10.Thecopperdrumisoneofthemostrepresentativecuturalrelicsandhascondensedthe_____(wise)oftheZhuangpeople.6.survival7.attraction8.assisant9.breath10.wisedom1.Theboygaveusa________(describe)ofwhathadhappenedtohim.2.InChinesefolktales,thelionhasbecomeasymbolof______(brave),powerandgoodluck.3.Isoonrealizedthatmymom’sgreatest_________(strong)wastakingcareofthosewhoneedtrustworthycareproviders.4.Therearemoreandmorevendor’sstandsalongthestreetfilledwithagreat_______(vary)ofSpringFestivalgoodsthatcatchtheeyes.5.Abetter_________(choose)istotakeyourfriendtodinner.6.Theyhopetofindan_