安徽師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院852翻譯與寫(xiě)作歷年考研真題及詳解

目錄

2004年安徽師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院852翻譯與寫(xiě)作考研真題及詳解

2005年安徽師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院852翻譯與寫(xiě)作考研真題及詳解

2006年安徽師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院852翻譯與寫(xiě)作考研真題及詳解

2007年安徽師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院852翻譯與寫(xiě)作考研真題及詳解

2014年安徽師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院852翻譯與寫(xiě)作考研真題及詳解

2015年安徽師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院852翻譯與寫(xiě)作考研真題及詳解

2016年安徽師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院852翻譯與寫(xiě)作考研真題及詳解

2017年安徽師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院852翻譯與寫(xiě)作考研真題及詳解

2018年安徽師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院852翻譯與寫(xiě)作考研真題及詳解

2019年安徽師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院852翻譯與寫(xiě)作考研真題及詳解

2004年安徽師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院

852翻譯與寫(xiě)作考研真題及詳解

PartITranslation(100points)

SectionA:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese(40%)andthengive

ashortanswer(about200words)tothequestionthatfollows(10%).

IhadnotvisitedEtonformanyyears,whenonedaypassingfromthe

Fellows’LibraryintotheGalleryIcaughtsightoftheportraitofmyschool-

friendDigbyDolbenhangingjustwithoutthedooramongourmost

distinguishedcontemporaries.Iwaswhollyarrested,andasIstoodgazingon

it,mycompanionaskedmeifIknewwhoitwas.Iwasthinkingthatbeyond

afewwhomIcouldname,Imustbealmosttheonlypersonwhowould

know.Farmemoriesofmyboyhoodwerecrowdingfreshlyuponme:hewas

standingagainbesidemeintheeagerpromiseofhisyouth;Icouldhearhis

voice;nothingofhimwaschanged;whileIwraptfromhiminaconfused

mistoftimewaswonderingwhathewouldthink,couldheknowthatatthis

actualmomenthewouldhavebeendeadthirtyyears,andthathismemory

wouldbethuspreservedandhonouredinthebelovedschool,wherehis

delicatespirithadbeensostrangelytroubled.

【參考譯文】

我多年沒(méi)回伊頓了。一天，在從研究員圖書(shū)館去畫(huà)廊的路上，我看見(jiàn)學(xué)

生時(shí)代的朋友迪格比·多爾賓的肖像和當(dāng)代杰出名人肖像一起掛在門(mén)

外。我被吸引住了，正在我停下來(lái)盯著畫(huà)像出神的時(shí)候，我的同伴問(wèn)我

是否知道那是誰(shuí)。我在想，除了幾個(gè)我可以叫出名字的人以外，我差不

多是唯一認(rèn)識(shí)他的人了，遙遠(yuǎn)童年時(shí)代的記憶鮮活地涌進(jìn)我的腦海：他

又重新站在我的身邊，煥發(fā)著青春的風(fēng)采；我能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他說(shuō)話(huà)的聲音；他

沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)變化；同時(shí)我在尋思著，因?yàn)榕c他之間相隔一段宛若迷霧的年

月，假如他知道在這一時(shí)刻他已經(jīng)死了三十年，他可愛(ài)的母校在以這樣

的方式紀(jì)念他，給他這樣高的榮譽(yù)，而他上學(xué)時(shí)，他脆弱的心靈曾經(jīng)莫

名其妙地?zé)肋^(guò)，他會(huì)作怎樣的感想呢？

Questions:

Whatisthegenreofthepassageandwhat’sthemostdistinctivelanguage

featureofit?Exemplifyyourstatementsbriefly.

【參考答案】

Thegenreofthepassageisanessay.

ThisessayiswrittenbyRobertBridges,whowaswasappointedPoet

Laureatein1913.Thisessay’schiefconcernistoexpresshisfeelingand

psychologicalactivitieswhenhesawhisfriend’sportraitinhisalmamater.

Thesentencesarefullofaffectionsandpsychologicalactivities.Thisessayis

well-arrangedandenrichedbymetaphorsandcadence.Itcoversthewhole

psychologicalactivitiesfromthemomenthesawtheportrait.Wecouldsee

theauthor’sabundantanddeepaffectionswithinlinesofthiseasy.Andthe

languageisverydelicateandpreciselyshowstheauthor’saffections.

Generallyspeaking,RobertBridgesisfamousforhispoetry.Asapoet

BridgesstandsratherapartfromthecurrentofmodernEnglishverse.His

workhashadgreatinfluenceinaselectcircle,byitsrestraint,purity,

precisionanddelicacyyetstrengthofexpression.Itembodiesadistinct

theoryofprosody.RobertBridgescontributedtophoneticsandhewasalsoa

foundermemberoftheSocietyforPureEnglish.

SectionB:TranslatethefollowingChinesepassageintoEnglish(40%)and

writeashortdescriptionofyourtranslatingprocesswithin200words(10%).

政風(fēng)廉潔，從來(lái)是贏得民心，實(shí)現(xiàn)政治清明、社會(huì)安定繁榮的重要一

環(huán)。杜牧在《阿房宮賦》中說(shuō)：“嗚呼！滅六國(guó)者，六國(guó)也，非秦也。

族秦者，秦也，非天下也……秦人不暇自哀，而后人哀之；后人哀之而

不鑒之，亦使后人而復(fù)哀后人也?！边@里說(shuō)的就是人心向背。唐朝建立

后，唐太宗頭腦比較清醒，勵(lì)精圖治，納諫任賢，輕徭薄賦，改革吏

治，促進(jìn)了生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展，成就了空前繁榮的“貞觀(guān)之治”。但后來(lái)的統(tǒng)

治者漸漸忘乎所以，沉醉于聲色犬馬。唐王朝也就從興盛走向衰落。

對(duì)此我們應(yīng)該明鑒！我們黨必須繼往開(kāi)來(lái)，與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，按照“三個(gè)代

表”的要求全面加強(qiáng)黨的建設(shè)，保證我們黨能夠始終保持與人民群眾的

血肉聯(lián)系。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部一定要樹(shù)立正確的利益觀(guān)，“先天下之憂(yōu)而憂(yōu)，后

天下之樂(lè)而樂(lè)?！?/p>

【參考譯文】

Honestandcleangovernmenthasalwaysbeenanimportantlinkinwinning

theheartsandmindsofthepeopleandrealizingpoliticalclarityandsocial

stabilityandprosperity.DuMu,agreatancientpoet,oncesaidinhispoem

OntheAhFangPalace:“Alas,itwastheSixStatesandnotChinsthat

destroyedtheSixStates;anditwasChinsandnottheworldthat

exterminatedtheclanofChins.ThemanofChins,havingnoopportunityof

lamentinghimself,waslefttobelamentedbylatergenerations;andthelater

generationswholamentChins,butrefusetolearnalessonfromhimmake

latergenerationslamentthelatergenerations.”Whatissaidhereis“winning

orlosingpublicsupport.”AftertheestablishmentoftheTangDynasty,

EmperorTaizongofTanghadachievedtheunprecedentedprosperityof“the

ExcellentGovernanceduringtheZhenguanTimes”withhissobermind.He

madeeveryefforttomakethecountryprosperous,includingtakingadvices

fromtheeliteheappointed,reducingcorveeandtaxes,reformingthe

administrationofofficials.Thustheproductiveforceswerevigorously

developed.Butlaterrulersgraduallybecamearrogantandledalifefullof

sensualpleasures.ThustheTangDynastywentfromprosperitytodecline.

Weshouldbeawareofthis!Ourpartymustcarryforwardthecauseand

forgeaheadintothefuture,keeppacewiththetimesandstrengthenthe

party’sconstructioninaccordancewiththerequirementsofthe“Three

Representatives”toensurethatourpartycanalwaysmaintainthefleshand

bloodtieswiththepeople.Leadersmustestablishacorrectviewofinterests,

whichis“Bethefirsttoworryaboutthetroublesacrosstheland,thelastto

enjoyuniversalhappiness”.

【參考答案】

Inmyopinion,theprocessoftranslationisnotasimplelanguage

replacementprocess.Translationislikeadecodingprocess.

Firstly,Ireadthetargetlanguagefortwotimes.Iknewaboutthemajor

themeandcontentofthispassageinmyfirstreading.AndthenIreadit

anothertimetolocatethepartswhichneedtobedealtwithcarefully,thatis,

theancientChineseproseandsomeidioms.Secondly,Ianalyzedthose

difficultpartsandfiguredoutthebestwaystotranslatethem.Duringthis

process,makingsurethatIunderstoodtheancientChineseproseandidioms,

Isearchedmymindforbestdescriptionsofthem.Thirdly,Ibeganmy

translationfromthebeginningtotheendofthispassage.Aftermy

translation,Ididtheproofreading.Ireaditthroughfortwotimestofindif

there’reunderstandingmistakesandandgrammarerrors.ThenIcorrected

themcarefully.What’smore,Ialsopolishedmylanguagetomakesurethat

there’snoChinglishexpression.

PartⅡComposition(50points)

CommentonONEofthegivenparagraphsanddevelopyourideaintoawell-

supportedexposition.

1.Liberty?Thetruelibertyofamanyouwouldsayconsistedinhisfinding

outorbeingforcedtofindouttherightpathandtowalkthereon.Tolearnor

tobetaughtwhatworkheactuallywasableforandthenbypermission,

persuasionandevencompulsion,tosetaboutdoingofthesame!Thatishis

trueblessedness,honor,libertyandmaximumofwell-being.

2.Oureducationalobjectiveandcommitment,however,istooptimizethe

individualstudent’sdevelopment,andthisisbynomeansassuredundera

kindofboss-subordinaterelationship.True,manyyoungpeoplearehighly

self-motivatedtolearn.Withsomestudents,thespiritedsenseofinquiry,the

curiositytoknow,thethirstforaprogressivelybroaderunderstandingof

thingsisinnate.Withothers,itisanambitiousdrivetowardgoalswhichcan

onlybereachedviathevehicleofhighereducation,includinggraduatestudy

perhaps.Evenamongtheseindividuals,thoughoutsideassistanceoftenis

neededtostimulateandhelpsustaintheinterestandeffortoutputforself-

motivationisaperishableandfrequentlyfleetingthing.

【參考范文】

Afterreadingthroughthesecondparagraph,Itotallyagreewithitsstatement.

Somestudentsaretalentedandabletostudybythemselves.Butforthose

whodon’tknowwhatmotivationandeventheexactgoalofthemselves,they

needtobestimulatedthroughhighereducation.What’smore,thosetalented

studentsalsoneedbasiceducation,ortheirtalentwouldn’tbeexposed.Soin

myopinion,itiseducationthatservesthegrowthofindividual.Therefore,

theaimofeducationistofosteraperson,whichisveryimportant.

Firstofall,thepurposeofeducationistoproduceavirtuousorgoodman.

Manisnotgoodbynature,sohemustbeeducatedtocontrolhisanimal

activitiesortobevirtuous.ThoughIdonotagreewiththepointthatmanis

notgoodbynature,Idoagreethat“mancanonlybemanbyeducation”.The

differencebetweenmanandanimalisthatmancancontroltheirnatural

needs.Therefore,withoutvirtue,therewouldbenodifferencebetweenman

andanimals.Asoneofthemostimportantperspectivesofasociety,

educationshouldfirsttransformpeopleintoethicalbeings.

Inaddition,educationcanadvancepeople’sknowledge.Educationcanmake

peopledistinguishrightfromwrong.Withthehelpofeducation,allpeople

couldformtheirownsystemsofjudgmentandjustificationincludingthe

principleoffairness.Thoughknowledgecannotguaranteepeopleadecent

life,itgivesthemtheopportunitiestopursuetheirdreams.Inthismodern

society,knowledgeisdominatingeveryaspectofourlifeandwork.The

amountofknowledgethatoneownsdetermineshisabilitiestosurvive.The

moreknowledgeonehas,themoreopportunitieshehastosucceed.Thus,

moreandmorepeoplepursuefurthereducationtocatchupwiththeirpeersor

tobemorecompetitive.Asthemainchannelofattainingknowledge,the

educationsystemshouldtrytomeetpeople’sdesirefortheknowledge.

Finally,educationisresponsibleforpersonalall-rounddevelopment.

AccordingtoTagore,theaimofthenationalsystemeducationisall-round

developmentoftheindividualpersonality,includingintellectual

development,aestheticeducationandcreativity.Thatmeansthefirsttwo

purposesabovearetoservethisaim.Educationisnotallaboutvirtueand

knowledge.Theyarejustthepreparationforindividualall-round

development,whichisthemostimportantaimofeducation.It’sthepersonal

all-rounddevelopmentthatmakeseducationmoremeaningful.Atthesame

time,individualall-rounddevelopmentcouldpromotethedevelopmentof

education.Nowadays,all-rounddevelopmentmeansthateducationalsystem

shouldprovidenotonlyliberaleducationbutalsoscienceandeconomy.

Thesearethebasicsubjectsofthismodernsociety.Acivilizedcountryis

builtnotonlyuponthebasisofscienceandeconomy,butalsocultureofits

people.Livinginacivilizedcountry,oneshouldgetaccesstoeducationofall

theseperspectives.

Insum,Ithinkthateducationservestheindividualdevelopment.The

developmentofasocietyoracountrydependsuponitsvirtuousand

knowledgeablecitizen’scontribution.Soeducationisofgreatsignificancein

individual’sdevelopment.

【解析】

本文選取了第二段材料作為素材，以教育的目的及其重要性為主題。文

章首段評(píng)論了第二段材料并表明了作者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)：教育是以培養(yǎng)人為目的

的，是十分重要的。接下來(lái)文章第二段第三段第四段分三方面詳細(xì)闡述

了教育的目的及重要性，即教育能夠培養(yǎng)人的道德水準(zhǔn)，文化水平并且

能使人全面發(fā)展。文章最后一段簡(jiǎn)要概括了作者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。

2005年安徽師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院

852翻譯與寫(xiě)作考研真題及詳解

Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.(50%)

Intention,asweshallusethetermcorrespondstowhatheintendedina

formulawhichmoreorlessexplicitlyhashadwideacceptance.”inorderto

judgethepoet’sperformance,wemust“knowwhatheintended.”Intentionis

designorplanintheauthor’smind.Intentionhasobviousaffinitiesforthe

author’sattitudetowardhisworkthewayhefellwhatmadehimwrite.

Webeginourdiscussionwithaseriesofpropositionssummarizedand

abstractedtoadegreewheretheyseemtousaxiomatic.

1.Apoemdoesnotcomeintoexistencebyaccident.Thewordsofapoem,as

ProfessorStollhasremarkedcomeoutofahead,notoutofahat.Yetto

insistonthedesigningintellectasacauseofapoemisnottograntthedesign

orintentionasastandardbywhichthecriticistojudgetheworthofthe

poet’sperformance.

2.Onemustaskhowacriticexpectstogetananswertothequestionabout

intention.Howishetofindoutwhatthepoettriedtodo?Ifthepoet

succeededindoingit,thenthepoemitselfshowswhathewastryingtodo.

Andifthepoetdidnotsucceed,thenthepoemisnotadequateevidence,and

thecriticmustgooutsidethepoem—forevidenceofanintentionthatdidnot

becomeeffectiveinthepoem.“Onlyonecaveatmustbeborneinmind,”says

aneminentintentionalistinamomentwhenhistheoryrepudiatesitself;“The

poet’saimmustbejudgedatthemomentofthecreativeactthatistosayby

theartofthepoemitself.”

3.Judgingapoemislikejudgingapuddingormachine.Onedemandsthatit

work.Itisonlybecauseanartifactworksthatweinfertheintentionofan

artificer.“Apoemshouldnotmeanbutbe.”Apoemcanbeonlythroughits

meaning—sinceitsmediumiswords—yetitis,simplyis,inthesensethat

wehavenoexcuseforinquiringwhatpartisintendedormeant.Poetryisa

featofstylebywhichacomplexofmeaningishandledallatonce.Poetry

succeedsbecauseallormostofwhatissaidorimpliedisrelevant,whatis

irrelevanthasbeenexcluded,likelumpsfrompaddingand“bugs”from

machinery.Inthisrespectpoetrydiffersfrompracticalmessage,whichare

successfulifandonlyifwecorrectlyinfertheintention.Theyaremore

abstractthanpoetry.

4.Themeaningofapoemmaycertainlybeapersonalone,inthesensethata

poemexpressesapersonalityorstateofsoulratherthanphysicalobjectlike

anapple.Butevenashortlyricpoemisdramatic,theresponseofaspeaker

(nomatterhowabstractlyconceived)toasituation(nomatterhow

universalized).Weoughttoimputethethoughtsandattitudesofthepoem

immediatelytothedramaticspeaker,andiftotheauthoratall,onlybyanact

ofbiographicalinference.

5.Thereisasenseinwhichanauthor,byrevision,maybetterachievehis

originalintention.Butitisaveryabstractsense.Heintendedtowriteabetter

work,orabetterworkofacertainkind,andnowhasdoneit.Butitfollows

thathisformerconcreteintentionwasnothisintention.“He’sthemanwe

wereinsearchof,that’strue,”saysHardy’srusticconstable,andyethe’snot

themanwewereinsearchof.Forthemanwewereinsearchofwasnotthe

manwewanted.”

【參考譯文】

意圖這個(gè)詞，一如我們對(duì)它的用法，就相當(dāng)于常話(huà)中所說(shuō)的“他己打算

好的事”，這一點(diǎn)已經(jīng)為大家所普遍地明確接受或者是默認(rèn)?！盀榱艘?/p>

解一個(gè)詩(shī)人的作品，我們必得先知道他的意圖是什么?！彼^意圖就是

作者內(nèi)心的構(gòu)思或計(jì)劃。意圖同作者對(duì)自己作品的態(tài)度，他的看法，他

動(dòng)筆的始因等有著顯著的關(guān)聯(lián)。

我們就以一系列我們看來(lái)是以概括成公理的命題來(lái)開(kāi)始我們的討論。

1.一首詩(shī)的出現(xiàn)不是偶然的，正如斯多爾教授所說(shuō)，一首詩(shī)的詞句是出

自頭腦而不是出自帽子。不過(guò)強(qiáng)調(diào)作者在構(gòu)思方面的匠心就是詩(shī)的成因

還并不就等于是承認(rèn)了構(gòu)思或意圖即是批評(píng)家衡量詩(shī)人作品價(jià)值的標(biāo)

準(zhǔn)。

2.人們必須要問(wèn)，一個(gè)批評(píng)家是怎么指望得到關(guān)于意圖問(wèn)題的答案的?

他將如何去搞清詩(shī)人所要做的事情?如果詩(shī)人成功得做到了他所要做到

的事，那么他的詩(shī)本身就表明了他要做的是什么。如果他沒(méi)成功，那么

他的詩(shī)也就不足為憑了，這樣批評(píng)家就是在離開(kāi)詩(shī)而論詩(shī)——因?yàn)閺脑?shī)

中并沒(méi)有透露出多少關(guān)于詩(shī)人意圖的消息來(lái).“只要一個(gè)忠告我們必須記

住”，一位意圖論者在他的理論發(fā)生矛盾時(shí)這樣說(shuō)道，“對(duì)詩(shī)人的目的必

須是在創(chuàng)作過(guò)程中來(lái)下判斷，也就是說(shuō)，要憑詩(shī)本身的藝術(shù)來(lái)判斷。”

3.鑒定一首詩(shī)就像鑒定一塊布丁或一臺(tái)機(jī)器一樣，人們要求它能起效

用。我們只有從一個(gè)產(chǎn)品所起的效用中才能推知其設(shè)計(jì)者的目的?！耙?/p>

首詩(shī)不應(yīng)該表示它物而應(yīng)該是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的存在?！币皇自?shī)只能是通過(guò)它

的意義而存在——因?yàn)樗拿浇槭窃~句——但是，我們并無(wú)考察哪一部

分是意圖所在，哪一部分是意義所在的理由，從這個(gè)角度說(shuō)，詩(shī)就是存

在，自足的存在而已。詩(shī)是一種同時(shí)能涉及一個(gè)復(fù)雜意義的各個(gè)方面的

風(fēng)格技巧。詩(shī)的成功就在于所有或大部分它所講的或暗示出的都是相關(guān)

的，不相關(guān)的則就像布丁中的面疙瘩或機(jī)器中的“疵點(diǎn)”一樣被排除掉

了。在這方面，詩(shī)就有異于應(yīng)用文。對(duì)于應(yīng)用文，只有我們推知到作者

的意圖，它才算是成功了，它比詩(shī)更抽象。

4.一首詩(shī)的意義確實(shí)可以屬于個(gè)人性質(zhì)。也就是說(shuō)一首詩(shī)所表現(xiàn)的是一

個(gè)人的個(gè)性或一種心境，而不是一個(gè)像蘋(píng)果那樣的具體有形的事物。但

即使一首短短的抒情詩(shī)也是有戲劇生的，也是一位說(shuō)話(huà)人(無(wú)論其構(gòu)思

多么抽象)對(duì)于某—特定處境(無(wú)論其多么具有普遍意義)的反應(yīng)。我們應(yīng)

當(dāng)把詩(shī)中的思想、觀(guān)點(diǎn)直接歸于那有戲劇表現(xiàn)力的說(shuō)話(huà)者，即使是歸于

作者，也只能是通過(guò)有關(guān)他生平方面的推論才行。

5.作者在某一意義上，可以通過(guò)修改其作品而更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)他最初的意

圖。但這是一個(gè)非常抽象的意義。他意圖在于寫(xiě)個(gè)更好的作品，或者說(shuō)

某一特定種類(lèi)的更好的作品，也完成了。但他又會(huì)覺(jué)得他之前那個(gè)具體

的意圖又不是他的意圖了。正如哈代作品（《三個(gè)陌生人》）中的鄉(xiāng)村

警察說(shuō)的“他就是我們要追的人，這點(diǎn)錯(cuò)不了；但他又不是我們要追的

那個(gè)人，因?yàn)槲覀円返娜瞬皇俏覀円业娜?。?/p>

Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglishandwriteashortcomment.(50%)

1.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.(40%)

方鴻漸到了歐洲，既不抄敦煌卷子，又不訪(fǎng)《永樂(lè)大典》，也不找太平

天國(guó)文獻(xiàn)，更不學(xué)蒙古文、西藏文或梵文。四年中倒換了三個(gè)大學(xué)，倫

敦、巴黎、柏林；隨便聽(tīng)?zhēng)组T(mén)功課，興趣頗廣，心得全無(wú)，生活尤其懶

散。第四年春天，他看銀行里只剩四百多鎊，就計(jì)劃夏天回國(guó)方老先生

也寫(xiě)信問(wèn)他是否已得博士學(xué)位，何日東歸。他回信大發(fā)議論，痛罵博士

頭銜的毫無(wú)實(shí)際。方老先生大不謂然，可是兒子大了，不敢再把父親的

尊嚴(yán)去威脅他；便信上說(shuō)，自己深知道頭銜無(wú)用，決不勉強(qiáng)兒子，但周

經(jīng)理出錢(qián)不少，終得對(duì)他有個(gè)交代。過(guò)幾天，方鴻漸又收到丈人的信，

說(shuō)什么：“賢婿才高學(xué)富，名滿(mǎn)五洲，本不須以博士為夸耀。然令尊大

人乃前清孝廉公，賢婿似宣舉洋人進(jìn)士，后來(lái)居上，愚亦與有榮

焉?！狈进櫇u受到兩面夾攻才知道留學(xué)文憑的重要。這一張文憑，仿佛

有亞當(dāng)、夏娃下身那片樹(shù)葉的功用，可以遮羞包丑?？墒乾F(xiàn)在要弄個(gè)學(xué)

位，無(wú)論自己去讀或雇搶手代做論文，時(shí)間經(jīng)濟(jì)都不夠。就近漢堡大學(xué)

的博士學(xué)位，算最容易混得了，但也需要六個(gè)月。

【參考譯文】

DuringhisstayinEurope,FangHong-chiendidnotspendhistime

transcribingtheTun-huangmanuscriptsorvisitingtheYung-locollectionsor

lookingforrelevantdocumentsontheT’ai-p’ingHeavenlyKingdom.Within

fouryearshehadgonetheroundsofthreeuniversities:London,Parisand

Berlin.Hetookafewcourseshereandthere,andthoughhisinterestswere

fairlybroad,hegainednothingatallinthewayofknowledge,mostly

dissipatinghislifeawayinidleness.Inthespringofthefourthyear,with

onlythreehundredpoundsleftinthebank,hedecidedtoreturnhomeinthe

summer.HisfatherhaswrittenaskinghimifhehadreceivedhisPh.D.and

whenhewouldbecominghome.Herepliedwithalongletterdenouncingthe

Ph.D.titleashavingabsolutelynopracticalvalue.Hisfatherdidnotseeit

thatwayatall,butnowthathissonhadgrownup,hehesitatedtothreaten

himagainwithpaternalauthority,andmerelysaidthatheknewperfectly

welltitleswereuselessandthathewouldneverforcehissontogetone,but

hissonhadadutytowardMr.Chou,whohadinvestedalargesumofmoney

onhiseducation.Afewdayslater,FangHung-chienalsoreceivedaletter

fromhisfather-in-law,whichsaidineffect“Aworthyson-in-lawlikeyou

withtalentandlearningandareputationextendingfarandwidedoesnot

needtoflauntaPh.D.ButyourfatherpassedtheManchusecond-degree

examinationandthereforeitseemsonlyfittingthatyourbecometheforeign

equivalentofthethird-degreeholder,followinginyourfather’sfootstepsand

evensurpassinghim.ThenItoowouldshareinyourglory.”Findinghimself

pressuredonbothsides,Fangfinallyrealizedtheimportanceofaforeign

diploma.Thisdiploma,itseemed,wouldfunctionthesameasAdamand

Eve’sfigleaf.Itcouldhideaperson’sshameandwrapuphisdisgrace.But

asforgettingadegreeatthatpointwhetherbystudyingtowardithimselfor

hiringaghostwritertowriteadissertation,therewasneithertimenormoney.

ThenearestHamburgerUniversity’sPh.D.waseasytoget,butitwouldtake

aslongas6months.

2.Writeacommentofabout200wordsonyourrenderingoftheabove

culturalexpressionsintoEnglish.(10%)

【參考答案】

Translationisanactivityofreproducinginonelanguagetheideaswhichhas

beenexpressedinanotherlanguage.Asatranslator,weareduty-boundtobe

faithfultotheoriginalintermsofmeaningandstyle,andmeanwhileweare

supposedtostrivefortheexpressivenessandintelligibilityofthetranslated

text.However,itisdifficulttoconveydelicateshadesofmeaningina

translation.Clearly,thetranslatorissupposedtomakeaflexibleuseofsuch

translationtechniquesasconversion,complementarywhennecessary.During

mytranslation,ImadesomeconversionssuchasItranslated“東歸”into

“cominghome”,“深知道”into“knewperfectlywell”andsoon.Ialsomade

somecomplementarybecausethelanguageofthispassageseemslikeancient

Chinese.Forexample,“Aworthyson-in-lawlikeyouwithtalentand

learningandareputationextendingfarandwidedoesnotneedtoflaunta

Ph.D.ButyourfatherpassedtheManchusecond-degreeexaminationand

thereforeitseemsonlyfittingthatyourbecometheforeignequivalentofthe

third-degreeholder,followinginyourfather’sfootstepsandevensurpassing

him.ThenItoowouldshareinyourglory.”Agoodtranslationisnoteasy,

butIwilltrymybesttomakereadersunderstandmytranslation.

Ⅲ.Writing(50%)

1.RobertFrosthassaidthat“Poetryiswhatevaporatesfromalltranslations.”

Explainwhythisstatementistrueornot.Writeacompositionofabout200

wordson“MyViewofFrost’sDefinitionofPoetry.”(30%)

【參考范文】

MyViewofFrost’sDefinitionofPoetry

RobertFrosthassaidthat“Poetryiswhatevaporatesfromalltranslations.”

Asastudentmajorintranslation,Isupposethisstatementisabsolutelytrue.

Inmyopinion,duringtheprocessofcomposingapoem,apoethasto

considerasingleword’semotivequalities,itsmusicalvalue,itsspacing,and

yes,evenitsspacerelationshiptothepage.Anddifferentculturesboast

differentformsofthosequalities.It’simpossibletomakeaperfectbalance

betweentwolanguages.Inotherwords,youmaytranslatebooksofscience

exactly.Youmayalsotranslatehistory.Butinsofar,poetry,indeed,cannot

betranslated;and,therefore,itisthepoetsthatpreservethelanguages.We

canadmiretheeleganceofalanguagethroughreadingthepoetryofit.Thus

differentlanguageshavevariousformsofelegance,whichcanneverbeequal

toanotherlanguage.Thebeautiesofpoetrycannotbepreservedinany

languageexceptthatinwhichitwasoriginallywritten,andthat’swhywe

learnthelanguage.

Tosumup,ifpoetryisputintoanotherlanguage,thebeautyofitwould

evaporateduringtheprocess.

【解析】

本文以弗羅斯特對(duì)詩(shī)的定義的看法為主題展開(kāi)論述，作者首先肯定了弗

羅斯特的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，第二段詳細(xì)闡述了作者自己對(duì)這一定義的看法，由于文

化的不同，語(yǔ)言美也是不同的，故的美妙是不能被翻譯過(guò)來(lái)的。最后一

段進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要概括，一旦詩(shī)被強(qiáng)行轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種文字，其美妙就會(huì)消

失。

2.用漢語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇至少500字的短文。（20%）

題目：學(xué)然后知不足

【參考范文】

學(xué)然后知不足

“學(xué)然后知不足”出于孔子的《禮記·學(xué)記》。大意是說(shuō)，只有通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)，

然后才能了解自己的不足，知道了自己的不足之處，然后才能反過(guò)來(lái)努

力學(xué)習(xí)?！爸蛔恪北憩F(xiàn)了積極的進(jìn)取精神、強(qiáng)烈的求知欲望和謙虛好學(xué)

的態(tài)度。對(duì)學(xué)問(wèn)、對(duì)事業(yè)要不斷進(jìn)取，永不滿(mǎn)足。是的，不登高山，不

知天之高；臨深淵，不知地之厚。讀書(shū)學(xué)習(xí)亦然，越讀越感到自己知識(shí)

的不足，越學(xué)越感到本領(lǐng)的缺少。

現(xiàn)代社會(huì)已是知識(shí)社會(huì)的年代，知識(shí)爆炸，創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展之快前所未有。

要想跟上時(shí)代的步伐，學(xué)習(xí)必須更嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、更科學(xué)、更勤奮事理。創(chuàng)建學(xué)

習(xí)型機(jī)關(guān)，學(xué)習(xí)型社會(huì)，構(gòu)建終身教育機(jī)制，都是當(dāng)今社會(huì)對(duì)人們學(xué)習(xí)

提出的新的要求。學(xué)科學(xué)、學(xué)技術(shù)、學(xué)文化，人人是學(xué)習(xí)之人，處處是

學(xué)習(xí)之所。讓知識(shí)的翅膀幫助人類(lèi)騰飛，使每一個(gè)人展現(xiàn)才華，為人類(lèi)

的文明做出自己的貢獻(xiàn)。

要真正做到知不足，首先要具備謙遜的態(tài)度，要敢于承認(rèn)自己知識(shí)不

足、學(xué)養(yǎng)欠缺，無(wú)論何時(shí)何地，不管面對(duì)何人何事事理。真正能夠自省

的人，必是態(tài)度謙卑者，必是那些有自知之明而見(jiàn)賢思齊者。現(xiàn)實(shí)生活

中，誰(shuí)也不是全才，誰(shuí)也不可能包羅萬(wàn)象什么都懂都會(huì)，但對(duì)待知識(shí)對(duì)

待學(xué)習(xí)的態(tài)度，確乎很重要。讀書(shū)學(xué)習(xí)，除了要樹(shù)立謙虛的態(tài)度，還要

倡導(dǎo)踏實(shí)的作風(fēng)。

吾生而有涯，而知也無(wú)涯，獲得知識(shí)，讀書(shū)學(xué)習(xí)是第一要?jiǎng)?wù)。熱愛(ài)讀書(shū)

吧，讀書(shū)是讀書(shū)人的手段，也是讀書(shū)人的目的。學(xué)習(xí)使人進(jìn)步，不學(xué)習(xí)

必然落后。封閉，自足，夜郎自大，只會(huì)遠(yuǎn)離進(jìn)步和文明。只有不斷的

學(xué)習(xí)才有光明的遠(yuǎn)景。

【解析】

本文以學(xué)然后知不足為主題，論述了不斷學(xué)習(xí)的重要性。文章第一段解

釋了學(xué)然后知不足的出處與具體含義。第二段結(jié)合當(dāng)今國(guó)際形勢(shì)說(shuō)明只

有學(xué)習(xí)才能為當(dāng)今社會(huì)做出貢獻(xiàn)。第三段說(shuō)明了如何才能“知不足”。最

后一段呼吁人們要熱愛(ài)讀書(shū)，熱愛(ài)學(xué)習(xí)，只有不斷的學(xué)習(xí)才能擁有光明

的遠(yuǎn)景。

2006年安徽師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院

852翻譯與寫(xiě)作考研真題及詳解

I.Translation(100points)

SectionA:TranslatethefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese.(50points)

1.Voltaireconquered;Voltairewagedthesplendidkindofwarfare,thewar

ofonealoneagainstall;thatistosay,thegrandwarfare.Thewarofthought

againstmatter,thewarofreasonagainstprejudice,thewarofthejustagainst

theunjust,thewarfortheoppressedagainsttheoppressor,thewarof

goodness,thewarofkindness.Hehadthetendernessofawomanandthe

wrathofahero.Hewasagreatwindandanimmenseheart.Heconquered

violencebyasmile,despotismbysarcasm,infallibilitybyirony,obstinacy

byperseverance,ignorancebytruth.

【參考譯文】

伏爾泰勝利了。他發(fā)動(dòng)了一場(chǎng)非同尋常的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，一場(chǎng)以一敵眾的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，

一場(chǎng)氣壯山河的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。這是思想向物質(zhì)作戰(zhàn)，理性向偏見(jiàn)作戰(zhàn)，正義向

不正義作戰(zhàn)，被壓迫者向壓迫者作戰(zhàn)；這是善之戰(zhàn)，仁愛(ài)之戰(zhàn)。伏爾泰

具有女性的溫柔和英雄的怒火，他具有偉大的頭腦和浩瀚無(wú)際的心胸。

他以微笑戰(zhàn)勝暴力，以諷刺戰(zhàn)勝專(zhuān)橫，以嘲弄戰(zhàn)勝宗教的自命一貫正

確，以堅(jiān)韌戰(zhàn)勝頑固偏執(zhí)，以真理戰(zhàn)勝愚昧無(wú)知。

2.Fourscoreandsevenyearsagoourfathersbroughtforthuponthis

continentanewnation,conceivedinliberty,anddedicatedtotheproposition

thatallmenarecreatedequal.Nowweareengagedinagreatcivilwar,

testingwhetherthatnation,oranynationsoconceivedandsodedicated,can

longendure.Wearemetonagreatbattlefieldofthatwar.Wehavecometo

dedicateaportionofthatfieldasafinalresting-placeforthosewhoheregave

theirlivesthatthatnationmightlive.Itisaltogetherfittingandproperthat

weshoulddothis.

【參考譯文】

八十七年前，我們的先輩在這座大陸上建立了一個(gè)嶄新的國(guó)家，她以自

由為立國(guó)之本，并致力于這樣的奮斗目標(biāo)，即人人生來(lái)都具有平等權(quán)

利?，F(xiàn)在我們正在進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)偉大的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)能夠考驗(yàn)我們的國(guó)

家，或任何一個(gè)具有同樣立國(guó)之本和同樣奮斗目標(biāo)的國(guó)家，是否能夠持

久存在。我們?cè)谶@場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的一個(gè)偉大的戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上相聚在一起。我們來(lái)到這

里，是為了將這戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上的一塊土地作為最后的安息之地獻(xiàn)給那些為國(guó)捐

軀的人們。我們這樣做是完全恰當(dāng)?shù)?，也是完全?yīng)該的。

SectionB:TranslatethefollowingtwopassagesintoEnglish.(50points)

1.一天，宋國(guó)有個(gè)農(nóng)夫在耕地。忽然，他看見(jiàn)一只兔子飛也似地跑過(guò)

來(lái)，一頭碰在樹(shù)干上折斷了脖子，當(dāng)場(chǎng)咽了氣。農(nóng)夫沒(méi)費(fèi)力氣白撿了一

只兔子，心里非常高。從此，他不再種地了，整天守著這棵大樹(shù)，眼巴

巴地盼著再撿一只這樣的兔子。整整一年過(guò)去了，農(nóng)夫什么也沒(méi)等著。

回頭看看地里，卻長(zhǎng)滿(mǎn)了雜草，一片荒蕪。他成了宋國(guó)的笑柄。

【參考譯文】

Oneday,afarmerofthekingdomofSungwasploughingthefield.Suddenly,

hesawarabbitdashingintoatreethink.Therabbitbrokeitsneckanddied

instantly.Thefarmerwasverygladthathegotarabbitwithouteffort.From

thatday,helefthisploughandkeptwatchingbythebigtreealldaylongin

hopesofgettinganotherrabbitthisway.Butawholeyearpassedandhegot

none.Lookingback,hesawthefieldlyingwaste,overrunwithweeds.He

becamealaughingstockofSung.

2.盧溝橋是一座石橋，長(zhǎng)二百六十六點(diǎn)五米，在北京郊區(qū)，已有八百多

年的歷史，是該城著名的古跡之一。

盧溝橋上最引人注意的，是橋欄桿石柱上雕刻的那些獅子。每個(gè)石柱上

有一個(gè)大獅子，大獅子的上下左右有好多小獅子。最小的只有幾厘米。

它們有的在大獅子的頭上、背上；有的在大獅子的腳下或懷里。有的只

露出半個(gè)頭；有的只露出一張嘴。生動(dòng)活潑，坐臥起伏，姿態(tài)各不相

同。

【參考譯文】

LugouBridge,a266.5-meter-longstonebridgeinBeijing’soutskirts,hasa

historyofmorethan800years.Itisoneofthecity’sfamoushistoricsites.

Whatinterestpeoplemostaboutthebridgearethestonelionscarvedonthe

columnsofthebridgerailings.Eachcolumnistoppedwithabiglion

surroundedbymanysmallerones.Thesmallestisonlyafewcentimeters

high.Someofthemstandontheheadsorbacksofthebiggerones;somelie

undertheirfeetornestleintheirembrace.Othersrevealonlyhalfaheador

onlyamouth.Vividandlively,theyaredepictedindifferentpostures—

sitting,lying,standingorcrouching.

Ⅱ.CriticalWriting.(50points)

SectionA.Writeallessayofatleast300wordsoronthefollowingtopic.

(30points)

MyViewonJob-Hopping

【參考范文】

MyViewonJob-Hopping

Nowadays,withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomynationwide,peopleget

moreandmoreworkingoptions.Thenthewordjob-hoppingbecomesmore

andmorepopular.Differentpeoplehavedifferentopinionsaboutjob-

hopping.Somepeopleliketochangejobsfrequentlybecausetheydon’t

knowwhattheyreallygoodat;whilesomepeoplesticktoonelifelongjob

fortheybelievechangingjobsfrequentlywillhavenegativeeffectonmaking

progressonspecificfield.AsfarasIconcern,Ithinkjob-hoppinghasboth

advantagesanddisadvantagesforthefollowingreasons.

Ononehand,job-hoppingcanhelpthoseyoungpeoplewhojustgraduate

fromuniversitiestofindoutwhatjobstheyarereallygoodat.Theychange

jobsfrequentlybecausetheydon’tlikethisjobortheyjustwanttofinda

betterjob.Somepeoplethinkchangingjobsfrequentlycanignitetheir

inspiration.Ihaveafriend;heisoneofthetypesthatchanginghisjobfrom

timetotime.Thismonthheworksatthesupermarket,nextmonthheisdoing

businesswithothers.Recently,heplanstorunashoponline.Iaskhimwhy,

hesaidthathewantedtofindoutwhatjobhelovesthemost.Anddoinga

jobfortherestofhislifeisquitetedious.Hedoesn’twanttoliveinthe

regularlifestyle.

Ontheotherhand,somepeoplearenotsowillingtochangetheirjobs,

especiallymostwomen.Ifoneofthemfindsajobissteady,shepo