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2022-2023學(xué)年陜西省西安市大聯(lián)考高二(下)期末英語(yǔ)試卷
一、閱讀理解(本大題共15小題,共30.0分)
A
閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzles
helpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.
PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityof
Chicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatial
skills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認(rèn)知)aftercontrollingfor
differencesinparents1income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.
Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeand
foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhen
assessedat54monthsofage.
"Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessed
theirabilitytorotate(旋轉(zhuǎn))andtranslateshapes,"Levinesaidinastatement.
Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofthe
childreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplay
withpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatial
skills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboys
providedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythantheparentsofgirls.
ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.
1.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?
A.Buildingconfidence.B.Developingspatialskills.
C.Learningself-control.D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.
2.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment?
A.Parents1age.B.Children'simagination.
C.Parents*education.D.Child-parentrelationship.
3.Howdoboysdifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?
A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.
B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.
C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.
D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.
B
NooneissurehowtheancientEgyptiansbuiltthepyramidsnearCairo.Butanewstudysuggeststheyused
alittlerock'n'roll.Long-agobuilderscouldhaveattachedwoodenpolestothestonesandrolledthem
acrossthesand,thescientistssay.
*'Technically,Ithinkwhatthey'reproposingispossible,"physicistDanielBonnsaid.
PeoplehavelongpuzzledoverhowtheEgyptiansmovedsuchhugerocks.Andthere'snoobvious
answer.Onaverage,eachofthetwomillionbigstonesweighedaboutasmuchasalargepickuptruck.The
Egyptianssomehowmovedthestoneblockstothepyramidsitefromaboutonekilometeraway.
ThemostpopularviewisthatEgyptianworkersslidtheblocksalongsmoothpaths.Manyscientists
suspectworkersfirstwouldhaveputtheblocksonsleds(滑板).Thentheywouldhavedraggedthem
alongpaths.Tomaketheworkeasier,workersmayhavelubricatedthepathseitherwithwetclayorwith
thefatfromcattle.Bonnhasnowtestedthisideabybuildingsmallsledsanddraggingheavyobjectsover
sand.
Evidencefromthesandsupportsthisidea.Researchersfoundsmallamountsoffat,aswellasalarge
amountofstoneandtheremainsofpaths.
However,physicistJosephWestthinkstheremighthavebeenasimplerway,wholedthenewstudy.West
said,"Iwasinspiredwhilewatchingatelevisionprogramshowinghowsledsmighthavehelpedwith
pyramidconstruction.!thought,*Whydon*ttheyjusttryrollingthethings?'"Asquarecouldbeturnedinto
aroughsortofwheelbyattachingwoodenpolestoitssides,herealized.That,henotes,shouldmakea
blockofstone"aloteasiertorollthanasquare".
Sohetriedit.
Heandhisstudentstiedsomepolestoeachoffoursidesofa30-kilogramstoneblock.Thatactionturned
theblockintosomewhatawheel.Thentheyplacedtheblockontheground.
TheywrappedoneendofaropearoundtheblockandpulIed.Theresearchersfoundtheycouldeasilyroll
theblockalongdifferentkindsofpaths.Theycalculatedthatrollingtheblockrequiredaboutasmuchforce
asmovingitalongaslippery(滑的)path.
Westhasn'ttestedhisideaonlargerblocks,buthethinksrollinghasclearadvantagesoversliding.Atleast,
workerswouldn'thaveneededtocarrycattlefatorwatertosmooththepaths.
4.Ifswidelybelievedthatthestoneblocksweremovedtothepyramidsiteby.
A.rollingthemonroadsB.pushingthemoverthesand
C.slidingthemonsmoothpathsD.draggingthemonsomepoles
5.Theunderlinedpart"lubricatedthepathsuinParagraph4means.
A.madethepathswetB.madethepathshard
C.madethepathswideD.madethepathsslippery
6.Whatdoestheunderlinedworduit"inParagraph7referto?
A.Rollingtheblockswithpolesattached.
B.Rollingtheblocksonwoodenwheels.
C.Rollingpolestomovetheblocks.
D.Rollingtheblockswithfat.
7.WhyisrollingbetterthanslidingaccordingtoWest?
A.Becausemoreforceisneededforsliding.
B.Becauserollingworkcanbedonebyfewercattle.
C.Becauseslidingonsmoothroadsismoredangerous.
D.Becauselesspreparationonpathsisneededforrolling.
c
"It'sraining.Ifspouring.Theoldmanissnoring(打鼾).Hebumpedhisheadwhenhewenttobed,and
hecouldn'tgetupinthemorning."Whycouldn'ttheoldmaninthechildren'ssonggetup?(Let'skindly
supposethathejustdidn'twanttogetup)Thiswaspossiblybecauseintheabsenceofsunlight,thebody
wasstillproducingthehormone(激素)melatonin(褪黑素),whichmakespeoplesleepy.
Therearemanywaysthatrainfallaffectshumanbehavior.Buthowmuchdoesrainreallyaffectpeople's
moodsandbehavior?
In2008,researchersfromtheUniversityofMinnesotaandLanzhouUniversitypublishedapaper.They
proposedthatdecreasedrainfallwasinfluentialinsocialupheaval(社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩)andthedownfallofthe
Tang,YuanandMingdynastiesinancientChina.Thisisthoughttoberelatedtoreducedricecultivation.
Buthowmightrainaffectsocialbehaviorinthemodernworld?A2009NewYorkTimesinvestigation
foundthatmurderratesinNewYorkdropsignificantlyonrainydays.Meanwhile,inBritain,DrPeter
LangmeadJonesofGreaterManchesterpolicepublishedastudyin2015detailingananalysisof6.6
millionpolicerecordsoveronedecadeinManchester."Theresearchshowedthattheheaviertherainfall,
thelowertherecordedcrime,"hesaid.
LangmeadJonesalsofoundthatthereisastrongassociationbetweenheavyrainandrelativelyfewviolent
crimesrecordedincludingdomesticabuse(家庭暴力).Thismightbebecauseheavyrainstopspeople
fromgoingouttobuyalcoholandthereducedalcoholconsumptionresultsinfewercrimes.
It'snotallgoodnewsthough.Onestudyin1997concludedthatthebehaviorofchildrencanpredict
oncomingstorms——theywereobservedtoexhibittheirworstbehaviorwhenbarometric(氣壓的)
pressurefell.Anotherstudyin2012foundthatwomenaremuchmorelikelytobeaffectedpsychologically
byrainandthattheyreportmuchlowerlevelsoflifesatisfactionthanmenonrainydays.
Forallthecomplaintsaboutrain,itdoeshavesomecharacteristicsthatholdbroadappeal.Thesoundof
raindropscanbeverycomfortingandoftenfeaturesinsleep-inducingrelaxationapps.Thetheorybehind
thisisthatthepitter-patterofraindropsisaformof"pinknoise".Itcandecreasebrainactivityand
consequentlyimprovesthequalityofsleep.Soifit'srainingwhereyouare,thebestthingtodomaybeto
haveanap.
8.Theauthorusesthelyricsofasonginthefirstparagraphto.
A.introducetheinterestingsongtoreaders
B.voicehisunderstandingofwhytheoldmancouldn'tgetuinthemoming
C.illustrateonewaythatwetweatherinfluenceshumanbehavior
D.explainwhypeopleoftengetuplateonrainydays
9.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinthethirdparagraph?
A.Success.B.Prosperity.C.Failure.D.Development.
10.AccordingtoDrPeterLangmeadJones,relativelyfewcrimesarerecordedonrainydays
because.
A.peopleprefertotakeanapathomewhenit'sraining
B.mostpeoplearedepressedonrainydays
C.peoplearetoolazytogooutwhenit'sraining
D.alcoholconsumptionisreducedduetowetweather
11.Accordingtothearticle,theinfluencesthatrainydayshaveonhumanbehaviorinclude
?decreasedgrainoutput
?relativelyfewcriminalrecords
③higherchanceoffeelinglowinspirits
?morepossibilityoffeelingsleepy
A.①②③B.①②④C.???D.②③④
D
MymotherandsisterhadgonethroughGrandma'sbelongingsafterhermemorialserviceanddecidedon
thesewingmachineforme.Iwasn'tsureifIwastherightpersonforit,though.Ihadn'tsewnsincetaking
aclassinhighschool.Thiswouldtakesomeexperimenting.
Iopenedthebuilt-indrawertofindGrandma'soldpiecesofthread.Iheldhertomato-shapedpincushion
(針墊)andthoughtofallthememorieswrappedupinthismachine.Grandmahadbecomeatailoress
(女裁縫)outofnecessity.Withfoursmallchildrentoclothe,she*dquicklylearnedhowtosewalmost
everythingtheyneeded.Forover30years,Grandmakeptupwithhersewing.ShemadematchingEaster
dressesformysisterandmeandcostumesforourschoolfestivals.Shewasalwaysinsearchofanew
project,whetheritwasteachingourneighborsorsewingdressesforthehomeless.Butforthelastseveral
yearsofherlife,dementia(癡呆)hadleftashyandsilentwomaninplaceofthestrong,opinionated,
lovinggrandmotherI'dknown.
TohonorGrandma'smemory,Iwantedaprojecttohelppeoplethewayshehad.Withthestay-at-home
orderinplacebecauseofCOVID-19,Icertainlyhadthetime.SoIdugoutGrandma'smachinetosew
masks,andreaduponhowtosew.Iturnedonmycomputertoresearchhowtogetthemachinegoing
again.Afterhoursofdiggingthrougholdblack-and-whitehandbooksandsewinglessonsonline,I
operatedthemachineonemoretime.Iheldmybreathandpresseddownonthepedal.Hurrah!Itworked!In
notime,myfingerswereflying,steadilymovingmaterialundertheverycooperativeneedle.WhenI
sewedenoughmasksformyfamily,Ikeptgoing.Ideliverednearly500maskstoahard-hithospitalinthe
area.Quiteabigjobforanoldsewingmachine.
Astaffmembermetmeoutsidetoreceivethedonation."Thankyou,"shesaid,notknowingthatany
thanksformyeffortsbelongedtoGrandma,whoprovidedtheinspiration.
12.Whydidtheauthordoubtherselfaboutacceptingthesewingmachine?
A.Shewasnotfondofit.
B.Shedidn'tusuallysewmuch.
C.Shehadnointerestinsewing.
D.Shehopedtodonateittocharities.
13.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthor'sgrandma?
A.Shedreamtofbeingatailor.B.Shekeptsewingasahobby.
C.Shewasreadytohelpothers.D.Shehadalwaysbeenoptimistic.
14.Theunderlinedpartnreadupon"inparagraph3canbeunderstoodas.
A.studiedalotaboutB.thoughtofslowly
C.noticedorobservedD.lostone'sheartto
15.Howwouldyoudescribetheauthor'ssuccesswiththesewingmachine?
A.Itwasalongtiringprocessforher.
B.Itmeantovercomingmanydifficulties.
C.Itbenefitedfromhermotherandsister.
D.Itjusttookherafewhourstooperateitskillfully.
二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題,共10.0分)
Whenitcomestogettingagoodnightssleep,varioushabitsthatweengageinbeforebedtimecanhavea
significantimpactonboththequalityaswellasthequantityofyourrest.(1)
?MakeyourTo-Dolistfortomonow
Trymakingalistoftasksyouwanttotacklethenextday,especiallyifyoufindthatworryingoftenkeeps
youawake.Writingato-dolistcannotonlyhelpyoubemoreproductivethenextdaybutcanhelp
establishpeaceofmindforyoutosleepbetter.(2).
?Practicegratitudejournaling
(3).Makingexpressinggratitudeapartofyourroutinecanhelpyouleadahealthyandhappy
life.Themoreyoumakeanefforttonoticethethingsthatyoufeelthankfulfor,themoreyouprepare
yourselftojustnaturallyfeelgratefulinsteadofhavingtoworkatit.
?(4)______
Thiswilltakenomorethan5minutesadaybutcanhaveatremendouseffectonyourpersonal
development.Thishelpsyouappreciateyourachievementsandshapeabettertomorrow.Startby
acknowledgingoneortwothingsyouwishhadgonebetter,andendyourreflectionbythinkingofatew
winsyouhad.
Thefirstfewnights,itwillbeabitdifficultforyoutosticktoyourroutinebutstaydetermined.(5)
EverybodyhasadifferentroutineandhereFveonlyincludedpracticesthatIthinkyoushould
mostdefinitelyincludeinyours.
A.Dosomereading
B.Reflectonyourday
C.Writedownatleast3thingsyou'rethankfulforeachday.
D.Ifyou'redisciplined,youwillgetontrackwithyourroutine.
E.Agoodnight'ssleepisanessentialconditionforaproductiveday.
F.Thefollowingaresomeofthebesteveninghabitsbeforegoingtobed.
G.Thenextdayallyou*vetodoismakesomeessentialchangestoitandgettowork!
16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E
F.FG.G
17.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E
F.FG.G
18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E
F.FG.G
19.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E
F.FG.G
20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E
F.FG.G
三、完形填空(本大題共20小題,共30.0分)
Withinaminute'swalkofmyhousetherewasawildstretchofunspoiledwoodland,wheretherewere
blackberryplants,squirrelsandtheiryoung.I(1)walkedinthisparkwithRex--afriendly,
harmlesslittledog;and(2)werarelymetanyoneinthepark,ItookRexalongwithoutaleash
(狗繩).
Onedaywemetamountedpolicemaninthepark,apolicemaneagertoshowhis(3).
"Whatdoyoumeanbylettingthatdogrun(4)intheparkwithoutaleashandamuzzle(口
套)?"heshoutedatmeangrily."Don'tyouknowit'sagainstthelaw?”
"Yes,Iknowitis,"Irepliedsoftly,"butIdidn'tthinkhewoulddoany(5)outhere.
"Youdidn'tthink!Youdidn'tthink!Thelawdoesn'tknowaboutwhatyouthink.Thatdog(6)kill
asquirrelorbiteachild.Now,Vmgoingto(7)thistime;butifIcatchthisdogouthereagain
withoutaleash,you'Hhavetotellittothe(8)
Ihumbly(9)toobey.
AndIdidobey-forafewtimes.ButRexdidn'tlikethemuzzle,andneitherdidI;sowedecidedtotake
a(10).Everythingwaslovelyforawhile,andthenwegotinto(11).RexandIraced
overthehilloneafternoonandthere,suddenly-tomy(12)--1sawthemajestyofthelaw,
ridingonahorse.Rexwasoutinafront,headingstraightfortheofficer.
Iwasinforit.Iknewit.SoIdidn't(13)untilthepolicemanstartedtalking,Ibeathimtoit.Isaid:
nOfficer,you'vecaughtme(14).I'mguilty.Ihavenoalibis,noexcuses.You(15)
melastweekthatifIbroughtthedogouthereagainwithoutamuzzleyouwouldfineme.',
"Well,now,'*thepolicemanrespondedinasofttone,"Iknowit'sa(16)toletalittledog
likethathavearunoutherewhennobodyisaround."
"Sureitis,"Ireplied,"(17)itisagainstthelaw."
“Well,alittledoglikethatisn'tgoingtoharmanybody,"thepolicemanprotested.
"No,buthemaykill(18),°Isaid.
"Wellnow,Ithinkyouaretakingthisabittooseriously,"hetoldme.
nriltellyouwhatyoudo.YoujustlethimrunoverthehilltherewhereIcan'tseehim--andwellforget
allaboutit.u
Thatpoliceman,beinghuman,wantedafeelingof(19);sowhenIbegantocondemnmyself,
theonlywayhecouldnourishhisself-esteemwastotakethekindandgenerousattitudeshowing(20)
21.A.seldomB.sometimesC.frequentlyD.never
22.A.whenB.sinceC.ifD.while
23.A.authorityB.forceC.magicD.dignity
24.A.looseB.freelyC.wildlyD.quickly
25.A.wrongB.damageC.goodD.harm
26.A.canB.mightC.willD.must
27.A.giveyouupB.letyouoffC.giveintoyouD.putupwithyou
28.A.ownerB.policemanC.judgeD.children
29.A.listenedB.promisedC.agreedD.kept
30.A.changeB.chanceC.chargeD.cheat
31.A.trapB.difficultyC.troubleD.shape
32.A.disappointmentB.surpriseC.joyD.regret
33.A.waitB.moveC.sayD.walk
34.A.onthesceneB.blue-bloodedC.inspotD.red-handed
35.A.warnedB.toldC.informedD.taught
36.A.appealB.temptationC.urgeD.crime
37.A.andB.soC.butD.because
38.A.blackberryB.birdsC.childrenD.squirrels
39.A.importanceB.achievementC.happinessD.respect
40.A.sympathyB.regretC.mercyD.optimism
四、語(yǔ)法填空(本大題共1小題,共15.0分)
41.Manykindsofmusiccanstirtheimaginationandproducestrongfeeling.Forsomepeople,
romanticcomposerssuchasChopinincrease(1)(feel)ofloveandsympathy.Religious
andspiritualmusiccanhelpsomepeoplefeelpeace.(2)onemusicianseemstohavea
uniqueabilityofhealingthehumanbody一WolfgangAmadeusMozart.Scientists(3)
(find)Mozart'smusictoberemarkableinitsability(4)(calm)itslisteners.ltcanalso
helpthemexpressthemselvesmoreclearly.
ManyamazingcaseshavebeendocumentedusingMozartasahealingaid.Forexample,atinybaby
(5)(name)Kissy,whoweighedjust1.5poundsatbirth,wasontotallife
support.Doctorsthoughtshehadlittlechanceofsurvival.Hermotherinsisted(6)playing
MozartforKissy,andthoughtitsavedherdaughter'slife.Kissylived,butshewasverysmallforher
ageand(7)(slow)thantheaveragechild.Attheageoffour,sheshowed(8)
interestinmusicandherparentsgaveherviolinlessons.
Totheir(9)(astonish),Kissywasabletoplaymusicalpiecesfrommemorythatwere
farbeyondtheabilityofanaveragefour-year-old.(10)(play)musichelpedherimprove
inallareasofherlife.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、短文改錯(cuò)(本大題共1小題,共10.0分)
42.假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作業(yè),請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共
有-10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加:在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)S),并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。
刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改:在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線,并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。
注意:1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞;2.只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。
WhenIwasonmywaytoschoolonlastSaturdayafternoon,!sawamotherandhersonpreparinggo
acrossthestreet.Amotherwasgoingtoruntheredlightwhilehersonpreventedher.Themotherfelt
embarrassedandstops.Withmoreandmorecarscomingintoourfamilies,ithadgreatlyimprovedour
lives.Butunlucky,ithasalsobroughtmanyproblems,suchasheavytrafficandtrafficaccident.Traffic
safetyiseverybody'sbusinessandwemustobeytherulesandwecantellourparentsnottodrink
beforewedrive,nottorunredlights,nottotalkandlaughwhiledriveetc.
六、書(shū)面表達(dá)(本大題共1小題,共25.0分)
43.假定你是李華,從報(bào)紙上得知一個(gè)國(guó)際中學(xué)生組織將到武漢參觀,政府部門(mén)需要招募英
語(yǔ)流利的志愿者。請(qǐng)寫(xiě)一封郵件申請(qǐng)參加,內(nèi)容包括:
(1)自我介紹(包括英語(yǔ)能力);
(2)參加意圖(介紹武漢及湖北其他城市、了解其他國(guó)家);
(3)希望獲準(zhǔn)。
注意:
(4)詞數(shù)80左右;
(5)開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)
DearDearSirorMadam,
Yours,LiHua
答案和解析
1?3.【答案】B、C、D
【解析】(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中…foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and
4developbetterspatialskill(在2歲到4歲之間玩智力游戲的兒童在空間能力方面更好)可知,孩
子們可以從智力游戲中培養(yǎng)更好的空間技能。故選B。
(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognitionafter
controllingfordifferenceinparents'income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.(Levine
說(shuō),在父母的收入、教育和父母談話次數(shù)方面控制差異性之后,拼圖游戲被發(fā)現(xiàn)是一個(gè)重要的認(rèn)
知預(yù)測(cè))可知Levine在設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)試驗(yàn)時(shí)考慮了父母的教育程度。故選C。
(3)推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthan
girls,(男孩比女孩更喜歡玩復(fù)雜的謎題)可知。他們可能會(huì)玩難度更大的謎題。
A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.他們更經(jīng)常玩拼圖;B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.他們
傾向于在比賽中少說(shuō)話;C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.他們喜歡使用更多的空間語(yǔ)言;
D.Theyarehkelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.他們可能會(huì)玩更難的謎題。故選D。
本文是說(shuō)明文。是關(guān)于孩子們玩智力游戲的研究,介紹了研究考慮的因素,研究過(guò)程和結(jié)果。
一、速讀全文,了解大意知主題。
閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個(gè)方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力,考生必須在
十分有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀,搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句,捕捉時(shí)空、順
序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn),并且理清文章脈絡(luò),把握語(yǔ)篇實(shí)質(zhì)。
二、看題干,帶著問(wèn)題讀文章。
首先要掌握問(wèn)題的類(lèi)型,客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案:而主觀判斷題考查的是對(duì)
文章的感情基調(diào)等,這類(lèi)題必須經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對(duì)整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推理等。
其次,了解試題題干以及各個(gè)選項(xiàng)所包含的信息,然后有針對(duì)性地對(duì)文章進(jìn)行掃讀,對(duì)有關(guān)信息
進(jìn)行快速定位。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對(duì)性,提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。
三、邏輯推理,做好深層理解題。
在實(shí)際閱讀中,有時(shí)作者并未把意圖說(shuō)出來(lái),閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思,通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系,
研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示,推敲作者的態(tài)度,理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖
掘和邏輯推理,不能就事論事,以偏概全。推理題在提問(wèn)中常用的詞有:infer,imply,suggest,
indicate等。
四、猜詞悟義,掃除閱讀攔路虎。
猜詞是應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地理解上下文,而且要有較大的泛讀量,
掌握或認(rèn)識(shí)較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會(huì)“順藤摸瓜”,通過(guò)構(gòu)詞,語(yǔ)法,定義,同位,對(duì)比,因
果,常識(shí),上下文等線索確定詞義。
4?7.【答案】C、D、A、D
【解析】(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的ThemostpopularviewisthatEgyptianworkersslidthe
blocksalongsmoo由paths.(最受歡迎的觀點(diǎn)是,埃及工人沿著光滑的道路滑動(dòng)石塊。)可知,這
些石塊是由在平坦的道路上滑行運(yùn)到金字塔遺址的。故選Co
(2)詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中的Tomaketheworkeasier,以及下文的eitherwithwetclayorwith
thefatfromcattle.(要么用濕粘土,要么用牛的脂肪。)可知,這樣做是為了讓路更加平滑。結(jié)合
選項(xiàng):A.madethepathwet把路弄濕了;B.madethepathhard使道路變得艱難;C.made
thepathwide把路弄寬了;D.madethepathslippery使路滑了。故選D。
(3)代詞指代題。這是考查指代詞的指代內(nèi)容,由于是指代詞,可知內(nèi)容應(yīng)該在上文,根據(jù)第六
段的內(nèi)容However,physicistJosephWestthinkstheremighthavebeenasimpler
way,wholedthenewstudy.Westsaid,"Iwasinspiredwhile
watchingatelevisionprogramshowinghowsledsmighthavehelpedwithpyramidconstruction.1
thought,'Whydon'ttheyjusttryrollingthe
things?”'Asquarecouldbeturnedintoaroughsortofwheelbyattachingwoodenpoles
toitssides,herealized.That,henotes,shouldmakea
blockofstonealoteasiertorollthanasquare.(然而,物理學(xué)家約瑟
夫?韋斯特認(rèn)為有一個(gè)更簡(jiǎn)單的方法,他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了這項(xiàng)新的研究。韋斯特說(shuō):“當(dāng)我觀看一個(gè)電視節(jié)
目,展示雪橇如何幫助金字塔的建造時(shí),我受到了啟發(fā)。我想:”他們?yōu)槭裁床辉囍鴿L動(dòng)?xùn)|西?”
一個(gè)正方形。他意識(shí)到,通過(guò)在輪子的側(cè)面安裝木桿,可以把輪子變成一種粗糙的輪子,他指出,
這樣一來(lái),一塊石頭的滾動(dòng)要比一塊正方形容易得多。)可知,選擇A,意為”把桿綁在石塊上,
然后滾動(dòng)石塊二故選A。
(4)推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的workerswouldn'thaveneededtocarrycattlefatorwatertosmooth
thepaths.(工人們不需要攜帶牛油或水來(lái)鋪平道路。)可知,滾動(dòng)石塊不需要有準(zhǔn)備工作,故選
Do
本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。講述的是關(guān)于金字塔的建造,不同的專(zhuān)家有著不同的見(jiàn)解。這篇文章主要講
述了兩種看法。
一、速讀全文,了解大意知主題。
閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個(gè)方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力,考生必須在
十分有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀,搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句,捕捉時(shí)空、順
序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn),并且理清文章脈絡(luò),把握語(yǔ)篇實(shí)質(zhì)。
二、看題干,帶著問(wèn)題讀文章。
首先要掌握問(wèn)題的類(lèi)型,客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案;而主觀判斷題考查的是對(duì)
文章的感情基調(diào)等,這類(lèi)題必須經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對(duì)整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推理等。
其次,了解試題題干以及各個(gè)選項(xiàng)所包含的信息,然后有針對(duì)性地對(duì)文章進(jìn)行掃讀,對(duì)有關(guān)信息
進(jìn)行快速定位。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對(duì)性,提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。
三、邏輯推理,做好深層理解題。
在實(shí)際閱讀中,有時(shí)作者并未把意圖說(shuō)出來(lái),閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思,通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系,
研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示,推敲作者的態(tài)度,理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖
掘和邏輯推理,不能就事論事,以偏概全。推理題在提問(wèn)中常用的詞有:infer,imply,suggest,
indicate等。
四、猜詞悟義,掃除閱讀攔路虎。
猜詞是應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地理解上下文,而且要有較大的泛讀量,
掌握或認(rèn)識(shí)較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會(huì)“順藤摸瓜”,通過(guò)構(gòu)詞,語(yǔ)法,定義,同位,對(duì)比,因
果,常識(shí),上下文等線索確定詞義。
8?11.【答案】C、C、D、D
【解析】(1)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的Thiswaspossiblybecauseintheabsenceofsunlight,thebody
wasstillproducingthehormone(激素)melatonin(褪黑素),whichmakespeoplesleepy.(這
可能是因?yàn)樵跊](méi)有陽(yáng)光的環(huán)境下,身體仍在產(chǎn)生褪黑激素,讓人昏昏欲睡。)和第二段的Thereare
manywaysthatrainfallaffectshumanbehavior.(降雨影響人類(lèi)行為的方式有很多。)推知,作者
在本段引用一句歌詞是為了說(shuō)明潮濕天氣影響人類(lèi)行為的一種方式。故選Co
(2)詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線部分所在句子Theyproposedthatdecreasedrainfallwasinfluentialinsocial
upheaval(社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩)andthedownfalloftheTang,YuanandMingdynastiesinancientChina.(他
們提出,降雨減少對(duì)中國(guó)古代的社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩和唐、元、明王朝的downfall有影響。)可知I,downfall
和socialupheaval意思相近。再結(jié)合下文"Thisisthoughttoberelatedtoreducedricecultivation.(這
被認(rèn)為與水稻種植減少有關(guān)。)可知,在以農(nóng)耕為主的王朝,水稻種植的減少,最終會(huì)導(dǎo)致王朝
覆滅。由此猜測(cè)downfall意為"滅亡",A.Success.成功;B.Prosperity.繁榮;C.Failure.失敗,滅亡;
□.Development.發(fā)展。故選C。
(3)推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的Thismightbebecauseheavyrainstopspeoplefromgoingoutto
buyalcoholandthereducedalcoholconsumptionresultsinfewercrimes.(這可能是因?yàn)?,由于下?/p>
雨,人們無(wú)法外出購(gòu)買(mǎi)酒,而酒的消費(fèi)量減少,導(dǎo)致犯罪減少。)可知,Langmead-Jones認(rèn)為下
雨天犯罪相對(duì)較少是因?yàn)榫频南M(fèi)量減少。故選D。
(4)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段的Theresearchshowedthattheheaviertherainfall,thelowerthe
recordedcrime.(研究表明,降雨量越大,犯罪率就越低),倒數(shù)第二段的Anotherstudyin2012found
thatwomenaremuchmorelikelylobeaffectedpsychologicallybyrainandthattheyreportmuchlower
levelsoflifesatisfactionthanmenonrainydays.(2012年的另一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),女性更容易受到下雨
的心理影響,她們?cè)谟晏斓纳顫M意度比男性低得多。)和最后一段的Thetheorybehindthisisthal
thepitter-patterofraindropsisaformof"pinknoise".Itcandecreasebrainactivityandconsequently
improvesthequalityofsleep.(這背后的理論是,雨滴的僻啪聲是一種‘粉色噪音它可以減少大
腦活動(dòng),從而提高睡眠質(zhì)量)??芍?,根據(jù)這篇文章,下雨天對(duì)人行為的影響包括:相對(duì)少的犯
罪記錄,情緒低落的幾率更高,以及更有可能犯困。故選D。
這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了雨對(duì)人類(lèi)行為和情緒的影響。
一、速讀全文,了解大意知主題。
閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度
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