CATTI筆譯實(shí)務(wù)練習(xí)

Test1三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)樣題漢譯英(50points)中國(guó)為種類繁多的菜肴感到十分自豪。飲食是中國(guó)文化的一大要素。中國(guó)共有8大菜系，包括辛辣的川菜和清淡的粵菜。中國(guó)餐館在世界各地很受歡迎。然而，中國(guó)人的生活方式日益變化，無(wú)論是自己下廚還是上餐館，都出現(xiàn)了全新的飲食習(xí)慣。在一些傳統(tǒng)的中國(guó)菜中，添加了奶酪和番茄醬。城市消費(fèi)者頻繁地光顧一些快餐連鎖店，包括麥當(dāng)勞、肯德基和必勝客。市場(chǎng)調(diào)查顯示，在未來(lái)幾年里，西式快餐的消費(fèi)在中國(guó)將以每年超過(guò)45%的速度持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，而中式快餐店有望增加15%。收入的不斷增長(zhǎng)，對(duì)國(guó)際食品更多的了解，加上超市購(gòu)物的便捷，使中國(guó)出現(xiàn)了更樂(lè)于嘗試包裝及罐裝食品的新一代消費(fèi)者。Chinatakesgreatprideinitsvariedcuisines,andfoodisanimportantelementoftheChineseculture.Thereareeightprincipalcuisines,includingthespicySichuandishesandthelightCantonesecooking.Chineserestaurantsareverypopularinallpartsoftheworld.However,changinglifestylesinChinahaveledtoneweatinghabitsathomeandinrestaurants.CheeseandtomatosaucesarebeingbroughtintosometraditionalChinesedishes.Urbanconsumershavetakenreadilytofast-foodchains,suchasMcDonald's,KFCandPizzaHut.MarketresearchshowsthatWestern-stylefast-foodconsumptionwillcontinuetogrowinChina,atanannualrateofmorethan45percentinthecomingfewyears,whileChinesefast-foodoutletsareprojectedtogrowby15percent.Risingincomes,combinedwithgreaterawarenessofinternationalfoodsandconvenientsupermarket,haveledtotheemergenceofanewgenerationofconsumerswhoaremorewillingtotrypackagedandcannedfoodproducts.Test2三筆實(shí)務(wù)練習(xí)近年來(lái)，中國(guó)政府倡導(dǎo)國(guó)內(nèi)旅游，推行“假日經(jīng)濟(jì)”政策，經(jīng)公民每年3次為期一周的長(zhǎng)假，讓他們將更多儲(chǔ)蓄用于旅游、購(gòu)物和外出就餐。2004年，五一節(jié)的總旅游消費(fèi)達(dá)390億人民幣。目前旅游業(yè)收占國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的2.3%。預(yù)計(jì)到2013年，旅游收將每年增長(zhǎng)10%，并創(chuàng)造4，000萬(wàn)個(gè)就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。中國(guó)在公路、火車(chē)站和機(jī)場(chǎng)方面投資巨大。新航線和公交公司不斷涌現(xiàn)，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)降低了旅游成本。京滬間單程機(jī)票售價(jià)為850-900元人民幣，有時(shí)還會(huì)更低。一些航線開(kāi)展網(wǎng)上售票服務(wù)，方便人們購(gòu)票。更多私車(chē)和汽車(chē)租賃中介的出現(xiàn)讓數(shù)百萬(wàn)人不僅能跟團(tuán)旅游，還能自己開(kāi)車(chē)出游。[247]Inrecentyears,theChinesegovernmenthasencourageddomestictravelandimplementedapolicyof“holidayeconomics”,givingitscitizensthreeannualweek-longvacationsandtheopportunitytospendmoresavingsontravel,shoppingandeatingout.In2004,totaltouristspendingduringtheMayDayholidayswas39billionyuan.Tourismnowcontributes2.3percentofthenation’sgrossdomesticproduct(GDP),andrevenuesareexpectedtogrowby10percentannuallythroughto2013,creating40millionjobs.Chinahasspentheavilyonbuildingroads,railwaystationsandairports.Newairlinesandbuscompanieshaveemerged,andcompetitionhascutthecostoftravel.Aone-wayairticketbetweenShanghaiandBeijingcosts850-900yuan,andcheaperpricesareoccasionallyavailable.Someairlineshavebegunonlineticketingservices,makingiteveneasiertotakeaholiday.Moreprivatecarsandtheemergenceofcarrentalagencieshaveallowedmillionsofpeopletotravelontheirown,aswellasintourgroups.Test3CATTI試題非政府組織是一種獨(dú)立于政府的非營(yíng)業(yè)性群眾組織、包括慈善團(tuán)體、志愿者組織和其它社會(huì)團(tuán)體。它們從事不同的工作，如扶貧、環(huán)保和各種社會(huì)服務(wù)。近年來(lái)，非政府組織的中國(guó)迅速發(fā)展，在社會(huì)生活中起著越來(lái)越大的作用。專家估計(jì)，目前全國(guó)大約有300萬(wàn)個(gè)非政府組織。李先生是廣東省一家非政府組織“廣州青年志愿者協(xié)會(huì)”的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。加入?yún)f(xié)會(huì)后的5年中，他提供了4000多個(gè)小時(shí)的志愿服務(wù)。他參加的志愿活動(dòng)包括關(guān)懷街頭露宿者、照顧孤寡老人、幫助孤殘兒童，發(fā)起為貧困地區(qū)捐贈(zèng)等。在參加志愿活動(dòng)的過(guò)程中，他由一個(gè)性格內(nèi)向的人變成了一個(gè)活躍的社會(huì)活動(dòng)家。Non-governmentalorganizations(NGOs)arenon-profitmassorganizationsindependentfromthegovernment.Theyincludecharityorganizations,volunteergroupsandothersocietiesthatareengagedinvariousactivities,suchaspovertyrelief,environmentalprotectionandsocialservices.NGOshavewitnessedrapiddevelopmentinChinainrecentyears,playinganincreasinglybigroleinsociallife.Expertsestimatethatthereareabout3millionNGOsinChina.Mr.LiistheheadoftheGuangzhouYouthVolunteerAssociation,anNGOinGuangdongProvince.Duringthefiveyearsafterhejoinedit,heputinover4,000hourstoprovidevolunteerservices.Hehastakenpartinavarietyofvolunteeractivities,includingcaringforthehomeless,lookingafterlonelyseniors,helpingorphansanddisabledchildren,andcampaigningfordonationstohelppoverty-strickenareas.Intheprocessofhisvolunteerwork,hehasgonefromanintrovertpersontoabusysocialactivist.Test4二筆實(shí)務(wù)練習(xí)孟母教子HowMencius’MotherTeachesHerSon孟子幼時(shí)家遷居墓地附近，耳濡目染的盡是些喪葬禮儀的事情，他就和小朋友一起模仿著挖墓筑墳的祭奠。孟母感到長(zhǎng)此下去對(duì)兒子的教育不利，于是就搬家了。新居靠近集市，孟子又學(xué)著商人做買(mǎi)賣(mài)，怎樣和人討價(jià)還價(jià)。孟母不愿自己的孩子長(zhǎng)大成個(gè)商人，于是又搬家了。第三次的新居在學(xué)校附近，孟子就跟著學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)詩(shī)書(shū)禮儀，揖讓進(jìn)退[用上位淺化的方法譯為theClassicsandetiquette]，等等。孟母認(rèn)為找到了理想的地方，于是決定在這里長(zhǎng)住下去。由此可見(jiàn)，孟母深知環(huán)境對(duì)孩子成長(zhǎng)的影響。這就是“孟母三遷”故事的由來(lái)WhenMenciuswasyoung,hisfamilylivednearacemetery,fullyexposedtofuneralceremonies.Heandhisplaymatesimitatedburyingandmourningproceedings.Mencius’motherthoughtthesurroundingswerenotgoodforhiseducationsoshedecidedtomove.Theymovedtoaplacenexttoafair,andMenciusbegantolearnthewaysofbusinesspeople,bargainingandhaggling.Hismotherdidn’twanthersontobecomeabusinessmansoshemovedagain.Thistimetheymovedintothehousenearaschool,andMenciusbegantoearntheClassicsandetiquettealongwiththestudents.Hismotherthoughtthiswastherightplaceforhimanddecidedtostaythereforgood.ThisshowsthatMencius’motherrealizedtheimportanceofenvironmentforchildren’sgrowingup.Thesearethestoriesabouthow“Mencius’mothermovedthreetimes”.Test5二筆實(shí)務(wù)練習(xí)西方人眼中的中國(guó)人西方人對(duì)中國(guó)人有一種刻板的想象，他們通常認(rèn)為中國(guó)人非?！爸腔邸保總€(gè)人都是哲學(xué)家，像老子、孔子那樣睿智，于是西方知識(shí)分子便熱衷研讀各類英譯本的老子、莊子。西方人概念里的中國(guó)人形象相當(dāng)“正當(dāng)”。這些年來(lái)，西方人發(fā)現(xiàn)一般中國(guó)百姓也熱衷于賺錢(qián)、享受世俗生活時(shí)，可憐的他們震驚不已。他們感興趣的中國(guó)問(wèn)題也就很可笑。有人問(wèn)：“北京以前叫Peking，什么時(shí)候又改名叫Beijing了？”這就得告訴他們，Peking是19世紀(jì)末英國(guó)駐華外交官威妥瑪創(chuàng)立的威氏拼音，如今Beijing則是20世紀(jì)50年代創(chuàng)造的漢語(yǔ)拼音。還有的女士看了《大紅燈籠高高掛》之后好奇地打聽(tīng)：“中國(guó)男人真的有四張床嗎？”注釋：威妥瑪ThomasFrancisWade,漢語(yǔ)拼音BopomofoWesternideasabouttheChinesepeopleareratherrigid,supposingthattheChineseare“wise”andeveryoneisaphilosopherlikeLaoziandConfucius.SosomeWesternscholarstaketoreadingEnglishtranslationsofLaoziandZhuangzi.Theyhaveavery“positive”pictureoftheChinesepeople.Butwhenrecentlytheyfindthatthe